Dear All,I can see that there're convergent,divergent,diverse and sometimes the same or quite different ways this topic is being addressed-that makes it even more beautiful and interesting !!! Can the webmasters design a tool on this website for which popular opinion on topical issues can be quantified and analysed......Caleb have your say !!!! I believe this forum has the capacity to influence policy direction if taken seriously !!! Milton
--- On Fri, 4/30/10, [email protected] <[email protected]> wrote: From: [email protected] <[email protected]> Subject: WestNileNet Digest, Vol 20, Issue 74 To: [email protected] Date: Friday, April 30, 2010, 2:13 PM Send WestNileNet mailing list submissions to [email protected] To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit http://orion.kym.net/mailman/listinfo/westnilenet or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to [email protected] You can reach the person managing the list at [email protected] When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific than "Re: Contents of WestNileNet digest..." Today's Topics: 1. RE: Continuation of Emotiona Sceince (Arike J Pundro) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Message: 1 Date: Fri, 30 Apr 2010 18:12:50 +0000 From: Arike J Pundro <[email protected]> Subject: [WestNileNet] RE: Continuation of Emotiona Sceince To: <[email protected]> Message-ID: <[email protected]> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="windows-1252" Dear all. Emotion of course needs to be regulated by communication that comes from the prefrontal cortex back down to the amygdala and dopamine actually broadcasts its signal broadly throughout the cerebral cortex. Because dopamine neurons which prominent projection to the prefrontal cortex up to the striatum and it can projects nicely to the amygdala as well. Therefore in order to be in position to broadcast some kind of information a particular focus on the information should be related to reward and reward prediction to a wide aspect of the brain. Reward is basically objects that make us produce approach behavior, an approach that we may need to spend energy on and also reward make human to learn things. Rewards enter to neurobiology in 1950 when Olds and Milner’s famous experience in series of which they put small wires into the brains of little rats over and over to produce a current to their brain. However the current that was produced was so weak that an individual can not sense and it does not tickle on ones skin and this made the rats to press the lever over and over to have the electric stimulus inside their brain. But this is not an where but it is in a particular parts of the brain. The rats felt the approach behavior was so strong that generate power of electricity stimulus to stop eating, stop drinking and stop having sex. The more you leave them continue with that it may lead to their death because they no more eat. It was so difficult to recognize brain system that was stimulated, however this also make it hard to see your electrode. After this entire search you will realized that it was in the brain stem where it was and also in the anterior midbrain where it actually quite complicated to find individual brain structure. In late 1950s to 1970s the revolution of neurotransmission in chemical neurotransmitters was made where a number of them were identified including dopamine. Dopamine is chemical that services a neurotransmitter and is loc ated in neurons that release fro neurons to identify the anatomic position in the brain. During the process of the dopamine projection to the striatum to the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala including other brain structures this made the most important ones turned that manipulation of the dopamine neurotransmission by giving dopamine antagonists and other substances to modify reward-seeking behavior. This was discovered by Roy Wiess and associates and other people that were dealing with electrical stimulation for brain reward partly related to the dopamine neurons. In fact stimulating the dopamine neurons meant the animal should repeat the electrical stimulation but it is like getting reward. The essence of addiction, why people take drugs, people take drugs to make them feel good or because they want to feel good. All the drugs of abuse that we know that make people feel good also increases dopamine in the pleasure centers of the brain and that is where it is believed to actually to be crucially for producing reward effects and ultimately lead to the changes that we observe in addiction. With today’s imaging technology neurologists can actually go more inside the brain of addicted people to see what areas of the brain are disrupted and that will give more explanation as to why the addicted person can not control the urge to take drugs even pleasurable an more. They were pleasurable initially but as the continue repeating taking the drugs, the pleasurable become less and less and it resulted to start taking it not to get high but just to feel normal. Because of Imaging and scanning the inside of the human brain to see famous dopamine cells and this cells releases dopamine when you take drug and it sends message by binding to the receptors. This process is like taking radioactive compound that actually bind when the receptors are not occupied by dopamine so this will allow you take image and then bring the subject back and test them when the y are taking drugs like cocaine. Cocaine interferes with dopamine removal from the space and that dopamine occupies all the receptors in such a way that when given radioactive compound the receptors are occupied and the brain activity that is a function of the drugs will increase the dopamine. This will make one go inside the human brain with the modern technology to see the addicted person and a person that’s not addicted to compare the brain when they are given drugs. These were some of the things that Wolfram actually described many years ago that once the brain learn certain stimulant produces reward and it stops increasing dopamine with that stimulant and instead increases dopamine when there is a stimulant associated with it that predicts the individual is going to be rewarded. It is also what is known as conditioning and that was what Pavlov described with his dog. People who are addicted to drugs are increasing dopamine when they see a person that they use to take d rugs before in the neighborhood where they actually have been. To this context addiction has a particular promise because it is far easier to model in an animal than other psychiatric conditions however it unlikely that lay men does not understand what animal like mouse and rats under a certain circumstances can choice to self administer and addict itself to the same range of drugs that people self administer and addict themselves to. Best wishes Arike Date: Fri, 30 Apr 2010 09:51:54 -0700 From: [email protected] Subject: Re: [WestNileNet] Can Northern Uganda cast vote of self-destruction? To: [email protected] Dear learned friends, Various posts on this forum have made us look like puppets of parties; presumably gov't and opposition. One school of thought thinks the other is unjustifiably opposed to gov't. I think thats not true. We've all come to recognize that government can not do everything for people just as she can't neglect her obligations of creating basic infrastructures that catalyse citizens’ developmental initiatives. In an event basic social services are not delivered to needy citizens, and attempts to demand or bring the issues to forefront is viewed as opposition, then there must no link between a tax payer and a government. Some people still believe if say water supply is extended to people, government is doing them a favor. Others think silence over poor service delivery is the best way to deal with a government with unwavering intention not to act. All these thoughts including others being propagated through instilling fear, emphasizing inappropriateness of the channel, playing it safe , acting like biblical prodigal son, through betrayal, getting hard on our brothers back home etc. are all welcome but one big reality which many will come in terms with at a later time is: politics and development are inseparable. An audit of the miserable state of affairs of our people today could point to political decisions made against them or by them. Therefore to avoid similar mistakes, West Nile needs leaders who are for the people not people who claim to for the people for convenience. Standing for the people entails recognising the magnitude of the problem they face and understanding the route causes of their problems. Many at times peoples' problems are not what the elite think they are that’s why attempts to fix such problems with remotely fantasized solutions fail. I entirely agree with Mr. Avudria on holding our brothers and sisters by thier horns on accountability but i also request that holding gov't accountable to tax payers as Mrs. Munduru put it be viewed without prejudice. Secondly if gov't doesn't allocate money for implementation or supervision UPE or USE programmes as was the case reported by Education officials, who takes responsibility in that case, our brothers or gov't? On failure of previous attempts to yield expected results, there are lessons to learn. It can be argued there have been problems with messengers thats why development has eluded us. This can be true but how about regions like Busoga, Karamoja and Teso before 2006 which have played on current proposals of saying yes to everything? Are they anywhere or still languish in jiggers, without dams, better health facilties, etc? John, NGOs, private-public partnersips have worked else where not West Nile. Note: Maracha-Terego district rivalry is being championed third parties to divide people once united by and for a common purpose. People in a burning house are now arguing over nothing. One last question for the weekend: if children study under the kind of situation I've depicted in the snapshot below, who should tax payers turn to for explanation on whether their taxes are used to educate their children? Nice weekend! Denis Lee Oguzu From: gard ajedra <[email protected]> To: A Virtual Network for friends of West Nile <[email protected]> Sent: Thu, April 29, 2010 11:27:18 AM Subject: Re: [WestNileNet] Can Northern Uganda cast vote of self-destruction? Brother Ejiku, I concur with you that the Foundation should be neutral and not engage in partisan politics. Those wish to propagate their political views should find other fora to do so. We should focus on development issues in our region and how our people can be assisted to get out of the misery which is bedeviling our region. For example, how the Public University can be operationalized as soon as possible, particularly in view of the fact that the region is ranked worse in academics. Dr. Ajedra Dear all, I am drawn to comment on the battle lines drawn by Christine and Akile on the subject matter raised by Lee. I still would like to agree with Akile that the subject of such discussions could be disastrous to the forum because it can easily be intepreted out of context and make West Nile Foundation sound partisan - I beilieve as a Civil Society Organisation, we should as much as possible reflect this nutrality. Information contained in Lees analysis is important for public consumption and governments consideration. I would rather they be discussed as development concerns but not engage it in party lines. We should maintain our civil duties of informing and educating our people and yet be conscious of the fragile 'freedom of expression' practiced in Uganda. Otherwise, we are likely to set a precedence that will eventually eat into our ideals and focus. I rest my case. _______________________________________________ WestNileNet mailing list [email protected] http://orion.kym.net/mailman/listinfo/westnilenet WestNileNet is generously hosted by INFOCOM http://www.infocom.co.ug/ All Archives can be found at http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/ The above comments and data are owned by whoever posted them (including attachments if any). The List's Host is not responsible for them in any way. _______________________________________________ -- Ejiku Robert, Group Manager, Igara Growers Tea Factory Ltd, P.O. Box 110, Bushenyi Office Tel:+256-772-700-797, Mobile:+256-772-522-619, +256-702-522-619 Office e-mail: [email protected], Personal e-mail: [email protected]. _________________________________________________________________ The New Busy think 9 to 5 is a cute idea. Combine multiple calendars with Hotmail. http://www.windowslive.com/campaign/thenewbusy?tile=multicalendar&ocid=PID28326::T:WLMTAGL:ON:WL:en-US:WM_HMP:042010_5 -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://orion.kym.net/pipermail/westnilenet/attachments/20100430/8f973672/attachment.html ------------------------------ _______________________________________________ WestNileNet mailing list [email protected] http://orion.kym.net/mailman/listinfo/westnilenet End of WestNileNet Digest, Vol 20, Issue 74 *******************************************
_______________________________________________ WestNileNet mailing list [email protected] http://orion.kym.net/mailman/listinfo/westnilenet WestNileNet is generously hosted by INFOCOM http://www.infocom.co.ug/ All Archives can be found at http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/ The above comments and data are owned by whoever posted them (including attachments if any). The List's Host is not responsible for them in any way. _______________________________________________
