| Popolon added a comment. |
I agree with you on the point that Phags'pa is only a writing of the Yuan dynasty, the official language is at this time Khalkh or it's classical Mongolian version.
The scripts are generally the same in Mongolian central dialects (if we don't think about frontier between (Russia/Outer-Mongolia)-cyrillic script and China-mongolian script). They are mutually understandable.
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/蒙古語方言列表 I won't repeat the likely problem answers again, unless if your both are even concerning this zhwiki list article.
方言 means dialect, not language. We can extend codes later to them, but after having at least at first main languages. The mvf is a well established/formalized form of Mongolian, in china, referenced in few dictionaries. And it would be very helpful to represent inner mongolian names. It is already used in at least en.wiktionary.org and fr.wiktionary.org.
They are very distinct Mongolian languages groups from central Mongolian, like Buryat, Kalmyk (also called oirat).
There are also languages that are very far from central mongolian:
- Yugur, divisied in two groups, one with more Mongolian/turkic proximities (Western Yugur), and the other that is a dialect of Mandarin with mongolian vocabulary (Eastern Yugur).
- Tu/Monguer, a mongolian language, that mix Chinese and Tibetan dialects.
Mongolian from North of Afghanistan or from Kalmykia (eastern Europe) are probably very
different from their central Asian counterparts.
In the link given, they say that beside Khalkh/Halh, in China there are 3 important mongolian groupes :
http://www.zlck.com/蒙古语/方言.html
- ① Inner mongolian dialect (内蒙古方言) with lot of varieties, used as main language in Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang. (In this group, Chalkhar/察哈尔 (mvf) is the main/official one).
- ② Buryat (巴尔虎-布里亚特方言, bxu for its chinese form), with
- ③ Kalmyk aka Oirat (卫拉特方言, xal) spoken in Xinjiang (aka related to Zungars), Qinghai (aka related to Qoshots, aka Zungars that estabished to Qinghai lake in 15th century) and Gansu (I suppose Qoshotos/Zungats at the border between of Gansu with Xinjiang or Qinghai). The Eastern Europe (Kalmykia, around the Volga river) is probably very different. Like Quebec dialect of French is very different from French one, Brazilian from Portuguese, American English from UK/Ireland English etc...
Don't know which variety of mongolian is spoken in Afghanistan.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Linguistic_map_of_the_Mongolic_languages.png
Cc: Badaa, ChristianKl, C933103, jhsoby, thiemowmde, Liuxinyu970226, Lydia_Pintscher, GerardM, Aklapper, Zppix, Popolon, Nandana, Lahi, Gq86, GoranSMilovanovic, QZanden, LawExplorer, Wikidata-bugs, aude, Mbch331
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