For local users with 802.1X you can disable username authentication and for 
roaming users with 802.1X, Hopefully CUI (Chargeable User Identity) will become 
more mainstream and you can block by CUI (Needs to be supported in RADIUS).
 MAC address was never designed to identify, but we all found it very useful 
for that purpose :)... time to change !

Philippe Hanset, CEO
ANYROAM LLC
www.anyroam.net
www.eduroam.us
+1 (865) 236-0770

On Aug 6, 2020, at 11:03 AM, Tim Cappalli 
<[email protected]> wrote:


And you can continue to do that with the randomized MAC and tell them you took 
action against the device identifier that was presented at the time in 
question. Nothing changes in that regard 😊
 
Julian’s response is my understanding as well.
 
From: The EDUCAUSE Wireless Issues Community Group Listserv 
<[email protected]>
Date: Thursday, August 6, 2020 at 11:00
To: [email protected] <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: [WIRELESS-LAN] MAC Randomization, a step further...

We could always take down a device by MAC address.  It was weak, but it allowed 
us to say we did something.
 
From: The EDUCAUSE Wireless Issues Community Group Listserv 
<[email protected]> On Behalf Of Tim Cappalli
Sent: Thursday, August 06, 2020 10:55 AM
To: [email protected]
Subject: Re: [WIRELESS-LAN] MAC Randomization, a step further...
 
Not sure how this really changes anything if you never had a strong user 
identity in the first place.
 
 
From: The EDUCAUSE Wireless Issues Community Group Listserv 
<[email protected]>
Date: Thursday, August 6, 2020 at 10:51
To: [email protected] <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: [WIRELESS-LAN] MAC Randomization, a step further...

How can we fulfill DMCA requirements when we can’t even identify a device, let 
alone the user?  If you want to remain anonymous, use a different network.
 
From: The EDUCAUSE Wireless Issues Community Group Listserv 
<[email protected]> On Behalf Of Tim Cappalli
Sent: Thursday, August 06, 2020 10:45 AM
To: [email protected]
Subject: Re: [WIRELESS-LAN] MAC Randomization, a step further...
 
Yikes. I hope network operators are not asking users to disable user privacy 
protections. That is a slippery slope.
 
tim
 
From: The EDUCAUSE Wireless Issues Community Group Listserv 
<[email protected]>
Date: Thursday, August 6, 2020 at 10:40
To: [email protected] <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: [WIRELESS-LAN] MAC Randomization, a step further...

Was sent this link yesterday, might help some.
 
https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-documents/random-mac-address-how-to-deal-with-it-using-ise/ta-p/4049321
 
 
Blake Brown
Infrastructure Manager - MHCC
 
 
From: The EDUCAUSE Wireless Issues Community Group Listserv 
<[email protected]> on behalf of Norman Elton 
<[email protected]>
Sent: Thursday, August 6, 2020 5:48 AM
To: [email protected] <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: [WIRELESS-LAN] MAC Randomization, a step further...
 
External Email

>> I have heard that on the latest beta that came out Tuesday the randomization 
>> will only happen once per SSID and not change as well.
 
Oh? We will definitely be testing that. Can you share your source? My phone is 
still on Beta 3, and I don't have an update available for Beta 4 yet. I suppose 
I have to wait for my ticket to ride.
 
Thanks for the tip,
 
Norman
 
On Thu, Aug 6, 2020 at 6:55 AM Walter Reynolds <[email protected]> wrote:
I have heard that on the latest beta that came out Tuesday the randomization 
will only happen once per SSID and not change as well.

------------------------
Walter Reynolds
Network Architect
Information and Technology Services
University of Michigan
(734) 615-9438
 
On Wed, Aug 5, 2020, 9:09 PM Norman Elton <[email protected]> wrote:
>> Depending on your tolerance for the disruption you could implement a network 
>> access policy blocking access to the
>> range of local MAC's and intercept with a captive portal with instructions 
>> on how to turn this off. However, I can't imagine
>> this being sustainable.
 
Newer Androids use the same MAC address range for their randomization 
algorithm. Unlike iOS; however, their MAC address is randomized once per SSID, 
and doesn't change over time. We already see a large number of private mac 
addresses on our campus, I anecdotally confirmed a handful of them are Android 
users, and confirmed the MAC remains consistent.
 
Long story short, if you're looking to restrict randomized MAC addresses, or 
even report on their usage, you'll find more than just iOS users :-/
 
There is a fine line between "troubleshooting" and "tracking". Unfortunately, 
preventing malicious tracking is going to impact our helpful troubleshooting. 
As an EAP-TLS campus, we're going to attempt to de-dupe the randomized MAC 
addresses using the certificate serial number. This way, if someone calls on 
Monday to complain about a problem on Saturday, at least we have someplace to 
start.
 
Norman
 
 
On Mon, Aug 3, 2020 at 10:28 AM John Turner <[email protected]> wrote:
Update on my testing. 
 
I created an 802.1X network and connected my ios14 phone to it - over the 10 
days or so the phone has pretty much just sat - It's a test phone so I didn't 
interact with it at all 
 
The pattern is pretty consistent it appears that it's changing MAC every 2 days 
almost to the min. 
 
As you can see it's grabbing a different IP each time (not surprising)
 
There is no indication in the logs that this is the same device - RADIUS looks 
unique as does DHCP.
 
Tim and I talked last week about this - while the intent SHOULD have been to 
protect the association packets while allowing operators to correlate who the 
owner or what the device is, this is not happening. 
 
Depending on your tolerance for the disruption you could implement a network 
access policy blocking access to the range of local MAC's and intercept with a 
captive portal with instructions on how to turn this off. However, I can't 
imagine this being sustainable.
 
Any thoughts on how this might wreak havoc on a UEM solution?
 
On Thu, Jul 23, 2020 at 3:35 PM David Logan <[email protected]> wrote:
Also, nothing to prevent Apple / GOOG from using frequent GPS location tied to 
a particular SSID for same inference 
 
On Thu, Jul 23, 2020 at 2:44 PM Tim Cappalli 
<[email protected]> wrote:
Just a quick thought. Nothing to back this up outside of people’s observations. 
I’m wondering if there is some ML to detect BSS changes. If there’s only a few 
BSSIDs for that SSID over time, it could infer that it’s a home or “local” 
network.
 
tim
 
From: The EDUCAUSE Wireless Issues Community Group Listserv 
<[email protected]>
Date: Thursday, July 23, 2020 at 14:18
To: [email protected] <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: [WIRELESS-LAN] MAC Randomization, a step further...

Interesting - no change on the MAC address but a new "privacy warning" that 
private addresses may not be' supported on this network. The link does not 
provide any insight on this topic.
 
I am running a PSK network on an Aruba 325.
 
I connected to my 802.1x network and I don't see that message and private 
addressing IS enabled.
 
<image001.png>
 
The other networks I have configured also haven't seen a MAC address changed.
 
On Thu, Jul 23, 2020 at 8:49 AM Miller, Keith C <[email protected]> wrote:
Thanks for providing some examples John. It looks like you may have 2 SSIDs, 1 
per band. Did the MAC address also change for the “linksys55” SSID?
 
Reading from the published Apple document that Hector shared:
 
“To reduce this privacy risk, iOS 14, iPadOS 14, and watchOS 7 include a 
feature that periodically changes the MAC address your device uses with each 
Wi-Fi network. This randomized MAC address is your device's private Wi-Fi 
address for that network—until the next time it joins with a different address”
 
I really wish they would provide more detail about what “periodically” means 
and if this occurs at some specific interval depending on activity as some have 
suggested.
 
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT211227
 
 
Regards,
Keith
 
From: The EDUCAUSE Wireless Issues Community Group Listserv 
<[email protected]> on behalf of John Turner 
<[email protected]>
Reply-To: The EDUCAUSE Wireless Issues Community Group Listserv 
<[email protected]>
Date: Tuesday, July 21, 2020 at 6:23 PM
To: "[email protected]" <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: [WIRELESS-LAN] MAC Randomization, a step further...
 
I’m working on testing this now. 
 
So far it appears that the "Private Address" option is enabled by default for 
any of the "My Networks" and initially is set to the hardware MAC address. 
 
New connections receive a new private MAC. 
 
Toggling the WiFi does not change them.
 
I will update tomorrow on if it changes. 
 
Here are 2 screenshots from my home network ( the F3:4D was configured prior to 
upgrade)
 
On Tue, Jul 21, 2020 at 6:15 PM Norman Elton <[email protected]> wrote:
This is all fascinating, I’m looking forward to getting my hands on a public 
beta.
 
Those “in the know” ... does this impact 1x networks as well as open? It seems 
that if you’re connecting with credentials, there’s already a trust 
relationship in place.
 
And is the feature enabled for networks that were configured before upgrading 
to iOS 14?
 
Fun times,
 
Norman Elton
 
 
 
On Tue, Jul 21, 2020 at 2:55 PM Rios, Hector J <[email protected]> 
wrote:
I just finished reading the “Apple Beta Software Program Agreement”. 
Interesting information:
 
“Don’t blog, post screen shots, tweet, or publicly post information about the 
public beta software, and don’t discuss the public beta software with or 
demonstrate it to others who are not in the Apple Beta Software Program.”
 
So, I need everyone to sign up to the beta software program so we can continue 
this conversation (J/K)
 
Hector Rios, Wireless Network Architect
The University of Texas at Austin
 
 
 
From: The EDUCAUSE Wireless Issues Community Group Listserv 
<[email protected]> On Behalf Of Tim Cappalli
Sent: Tuesday, July 21, 2020 1:06 PM
To: [email protected]
Subject: Re: [WIRELESS-LAN] MAC Randomization, a step further...
 
Yeah, good catch Chris! I’d be interested in seeing some field data as well. 
The only info I saw was that it changed every 24 hours, but it sounds like 
there’s a * which indicates inactivity / not associated.
 
It makes much more sense that it wouldn’t change if the device maintains an 
active connection as there are really no privacy concerns until the device 
disconnects and moves.
 
tim
 
From: The EDUCAUSE Wireless Issues Community Group Listserv 
<[email protected]>
Date: Tuesday, July 21, 2020 at 13:15
To: [email protected] <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: [WIRELESS-LAN] MAC Randomization, a step further...

Tim had mentioned the following: “On iOS 14, the MAC is set per ESSID and is 
changed once every 24 hours.”
 
Chris then mentioned that he found one iOS 14 device that, as long as it 
remains connected, the MAC remains the same, even beyond 24hrs.
 
Has anyone else done testing? Please share your results.
 
Hector Rios, Wireless Network Architect
The University of Texas at Austin
 
 
 
From: The EDUCAUSE Wireless Issues Community Group Listserv 
<[email protected]> On Behalf Of Johnson, Christopher
Sent: Monday, July 20, 2020 10:19 AM
To: [email protected]
Subject: Re: [WIRELESS-LAN] MAC Randomization, a step further...
 
Default behavior matters indeed. Got a preview of what to expect over the 
weekend.
 
Found one individual that was in Aruba Airwave “12 Times” for their iPhone 14.0 
over past couple of weeks and another “6 times”. It appears that as long as the 
device remains “connected” to the network beyond the 24 hours, the MAC Address 
will remain the same. Although if they’re fully de-authenticated or move say 
into an elevator or outside (or a class phone reboot occurs in the pocket) – 
then the MAC Address will update upon establishing a new connection – that is 
just the initial observation I saw.
Christopher Johnson
Wireless Network Engineer
Office of Technology Solutions | Illinois State University
(309) 438-8444

Stay connected with ISU IT news and tips with @ISU IT Help on Facebook and 
Twitter

From: The EDUCAUSE Wireless Issues Community Group Listserv 
<[email protected]> On Behalf Of Enfield, Chuck
Sent: Tuesday, July 14, 2020 12:36 PM
To: [email protected]
Subject: Re: [WIRELESS-LAN] MAC Randomization, a step further...
 
[This message came from an external source. If suspicious, report to 
[email protected]]
True, but default behavior matters.
 
From: The EDUCAUSE Wireless Issues Community Group Listserv 
<[email protected]> On Behalf Of Rios, Hector J
Sent: Tuesday, July 14, 2020 1:12 PM
To: [email protected]
Subject: Re: [WIRELESS-LAN] MAC Randomization, a step further...
 
Please note that MAC randomization is not just a feature of Android and iOS. It 
is supported across other operating systems.
 
Hector Rios, Wireless Network Architect
The University of Texas at Austin
 
 
 
From: The EDUCAUSE Wireless Issues Community Group Listserv 
<[email protected]> On Behalf Of Jonathan Miller
Sent: Tuesday, July 14, 2020 11:32 AM
To: [email protected]
Subject: Re: [WIRELESS-LAN] MAC Randomization, a step further...
 
For those of us using ClearPass to authenticate users to eduroam, does this 
mean that every iOS device will get registered as a new endpoint every day?  
For others, does your NAC store a client's MAC persistently?  I'm assuming that 
the answer to both is yes.
 
How can we plan for the impact of that on our databases?  Should we delete all 
iOS and Android devices after 48 hours?  Am I missing something obvious?

Jonathan Miller
Senior Network Analyst
Franklin and Marshall College
 
 
On Fri, Jul 10, 2020 at 4:37 PM Enfield, Chuck <[email protected]> wrote:
PS – My plan for supporting our guest network will be to tell any user who 
contacts us with an Apple device that the network is fine and they should 
contact Apple for device support.  I can’t get away with that for our 
enterprise network, but Apple is going to own the guest problem.
 
From: The EDUCAUSE Wireless Issues Community Group Listserv 
<[email protected]> On Behalf Of Enfield, Chuck
Sent: Friday, July 10, 2020 4:34 PM
To: [email protected]
Subject: Re: [WIRELESS-LAN] MAC Randomization, a step further...
 
My point wasn’t to debate Passpoint either.  I’m wondering if Apple actually 
has a plan, and if so, if they’ve bothered to tell anybody.
 
From: The EDUCAUSE Wireless Issues Community Group Listserv 
<[email protected]> On Behalf Of Tim Cappalli
Sent: Friday, July 10, 2020 4:22 PM
To: [email protected]
Subject: Re: [WIRELESS-LAN] MAC Randomization, a step further...
 
Passpoint is not just about mobile network operators. Any identity provider can 
provision a Passpoint profile. That is the whole drive behind OpenRoaming. The 
industry goal is that every user has at least 2 Passpoint profiles on their 
devices: one tied to their enterprise/school identity and the other tied to a 
personal identity. The traditional enterprise/school onboarding process stays 
largely the same, except some additional Passpoint logic is added.
 
Mobile network operators / cell providers are only one (optional) piece of the 
puzzle.
 
Probably should start a separate thread for anything deeper on Passpoint beyond 
it being a solution for network access. Don’t want to take away from the OG 
conversation.
 
tim
 
From: The EDUCAUSE Wireless Issues Community Group Listserv 
<[email protected]>
Date: Friday, July 10, 2020 at 16:17
To: [email protected] <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: [WIRELESS-LAN] MAC Randomization, a step further...

Understood, but few Wi-Fi operators actually support Passpoint on their 
networks.  Since Apple is eliminating the alternatives, they either must be 
idiots (my bet) or have a proposal for what we should all being doing instead.
 
I still get really confused looks when I try to discuss Passpoint with my 
contacts at the major cellular providers, so it can’t possibly be a realistic 
option for most of us.
 
From: The EDUCAUSE Wireless Issues Community Group Listserv 
<[email protected]> On Behalf Of Tim Cappalli
Sent: Friday, July 10, 2020 4:07 PM
To: [email protected]
Subject: Re: [WIRELESS-LAN] MAC Randomization, a step further...
 
Not sure I follow. Passpoint is an industry-wide solution for secure Wi-Fi 
roaming. Passpoint has been supported on iOS and macOS (along with Windows and 
Android) for a number of years.
 
I definitely don’t follow this comment: “you can’t onboard your Apple to enable 
identity-based auth.”
 
tim
 
 
From: The EDUCAUSE Wireless Issues Community Group Listserv 
<[email protected]>
Date: Friday, July 10, 2020 at 16:04
To: [email protected] <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: [WIRELESS-LAN] MAC Randomization, a step further...

So you can’t use an Apple MAC address for guest auth, and you can’t onboard 
your Apple to enable identity-based auth.  Apple must be thinking that they can 
drag the entire world, kicking and screaming, into federated authentication 
that Apple products ship knowing how to do (Passpoint, openroaming, etc.).  Do 
they have a proposal for this that I missed?
 
From: The EDUCAUSE Wireless Issues Community Group Listserv 
<[email protected]> On Behalf Of Rios, Hector J
Sent: Friday, July 10, 2020 2:56 PM
To: [email protected]
Subject: [WIRELESS-LAN] MAC Randomization, a step further...
 
Apple is moving forward with their privacy efforts. The next step is to 
randomize MAC addresses when connecting to an AP, not just when probing. This 
is coming soon.
 
https://globalreachtech.com/blog-mac-randomisation-apple/
 
This is from Apple. Luckily, there is a way to disable private addresses. I 
just don’t know if it will be ON by default.
https://support.apple.com/en-qa/HT211227
 
Happy Friday!
 
Hector Rios, Wireless Network Architect
The University of Texas at Austin
 
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Join the Voyers Slack Community!
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Join the Voyers Slack Community!
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