All, thanks much for helps.

Summarize:

 > #1. Language specific launcher options.
 > I'ld like to switch the command options by languages.

You shouldn't be opening hardcoded paths in .desktop files anyway; if
you need to open different files depending on $LANG, you should write a
small helper application to figure things out for you.

each application needs to handle $LANG and $LANGUAGE.

 > #2. .desktop could be shown on a locale only.
 > I'ld like to show a locale specific application on the locale only in 
 > gnome-panel menus.

Just plug in your startup scripts a modification to XDG_DATA_DIRS and
move the offending .desktop into a directory which will be used only
when using specific locale. Or you can add a .menu file which will
hide .desktop and make sure this file is merged only when locale is set
(by modifying XDG_CONFIG_DIRS at login time).

 > #3. Filename encoding.
 > I'ld like to keep Encoding=UTF-8 but the actual filepath could be several 
 > encodings.

the full path is always saved as UTF-8 in .desktop even though the acual file 
path has the different encodings.


> 2. Can I assume the $XDG_DATA_DIRS have the fall back logic? e.g. if 
> foo1.desktop is found in both /usr/share/applications and 
> /usr/share/translations, /usr/share/translations/applications/foo1.desktop 
> only is choosed. if foo2.desktop is found in /usr/share/applications but not 
> /usr/share/translations, /usr/share/applications/foo2.desktop is choosed.
> I'm also finding the way to separate the l10n packages for .desktop.

OK, Base Directory Spec shows the implementation has the fall back logic:
http://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-0.6.html
 > The order of base directories denotes their importance; the first directory 
 > listed is the most important. When the same information is defined in 
 > multiple places the information defined relative to the more important base 
 > directory takes precedent. The base directory defined by $XDG_DATA_HOME is 
 > considered more important than any of the base directories defined by 
 > $XDG_DATA_DIRS. The base 
directory defined by $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is considered more important than any of 
the base directories defined by $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS.

I assume the .desktop files have the same information if C Name and Type fields 
have the same values and the translation fall back works.
If not, please correct me.

Thanks,
fujiwara

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