On Being ‘White’ and Other Lies


[cid:[email protected]]

James Baldwin, 1924-1987


James Baldwin, in “Essence”, 1984

The crisis of leadership in the white community is remarkable—and 
terrifying—because there is, in fact, no white community.

This may seem an enormous statement—and it is. I'm willing to be challenged. 
I'm also willing to attempt to spell it out.

My frame of reference is, of course, America, or that portion of the North 
American continent that calls itself America. And this means I am speaking, 
essentially, o f the European vision o f the world—or more precisely; perhaps, 
the European vision of the universe.

It is a vision as remarkable for what it pretends to include as for what it 
remorselessly diminishes, demolishes or leaves totally out of account.

There is, for example—at least, in principle—an Irish community: here, there, 
anywhere, or, more precisely, Belfast, Dublin and Boston.

There is a German community: both sides of Berlin, Bavaria and Yorkville. There 
is an Italian community: Rome, Naples, the Bank of the Holy Ghost and Mulberry 
Street. And there is a Jewish community, stretching from Jerusalem to 
California to New York. There are English communities. There are French 
communities. There are Swiss consortiums. There are Poles: in Warsaw (where 
they would like us to be friends) and in Chicago (where because they are white 
we are enemies).

There are, for that matter, Indian restaurants and Turkish baths.

There is the underworld—the poor (to say nothing of those who intend to become 
rich) are always with us—but this does not describe a community It bears 
terrifying witness to what happened to everyone who got here, and paid the 
price of the ticket. The price was to become "white." No one was white before 
he/she came to America. It took generations, and a vast amount of coercion, 
before this became a white country.

It is probable that it is the Jewish community or more accurately, perhaps, its 
remnants—that in America has paid the highest and most extraordinary price for 
becoming white. For the Jews came here from countries where they were not 
white, and they came here, in part, because they were not white; and 
incontestably in the eyes of the Black American (and not only in those eyes) 
American Jews have opted to become white, and this is how they operate. It was 
ironical to hear, for example, former Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin 
declare some time ago that "the Jewish people bow only to God" while knowing 
that the state of Israel is sustained by a blank check from Washington. Without 
further pursuing the implication of this mutual act of faith, one is 
nevertheless aware that the Black presence, here, can scarcely hope—at least, 
not yet—to halt the slaughter in South Africa.

And there is a reason for that.

America became white—the people who, as they claim, "settled" the country 
became white—because of the necessity of denying the Black presence, and 
justifying the Black subjugation. No community can be based on such a 
principle—or, in other words, no community can be established on so genocidal a 
lie. White men—from Norway, for example, where they were Norwegians—became 
white: by slaughtering the cattle, poisoning the wells, torching the houses, 
massacring Native Americans, raping Black women.

This moral erosion has made it quite impossible for those who think of 
themselves as white in this country to have any moral authority at 
all—privately, or publicly. The multitudinous bulk of them sit, stunned, before 
their TV sets, swallowing garbage that they know to be garbage, and—in a 
profound and unconscious effort to justify this torpor that disguises a 
profound and bitter panic pay a vast amount of attention to athletics: even 
though they know that the football player (the Son of the Republic, their 
sons!) is merely another aspect o f the money-making scheme. They are either 
relieved or embittered by the presence of the Black boy on the team. I do not 
know if they remember how long and hard they fought to keep him off it. I know 
that they do not dare have any notion of the price Black people (mothers and 
fathers) paid and pay. They do not want to know the meaning, or face the shame, 
o f what they compelled—out of what they took as the necessity of being 
white—Joe Louis or Jackie Robinson or Cassius Clay (aka Muhammad Ali) to pay I 
know that they, themselves, would not have liked to pay it.

There has never been a labor movement in this country, the proof being the 
absence of a Black presence in the so-called father-to-son unions. There are, 
perhaps, some niggers in the window; but Blacks have no power in the labor 
unions.

Just so does the white community, as a means o f keeping itself white, elect, 
as they imagine, their political (!) representatives. No nation in the world, 
including England, is represented by so stunning a pantheon of the relentlessly 
mediocre. I will not name names I will leave that to you.

But this cowardice, this necessity of justifying a totally false identity and 
of justifying what must be called a genocidal history, has placed everyone now 
living into the hands of the most ignorant and powerful people the world has 
ever seen: And how did they get that way?

By deciding that they were white. By opting for safety instead of life. By 
persuading themselves that a Black child's life meant nothing compared with a 
white child's life. By abandoning their children to the things white men could 
buy. By informing their children that Black women, Black men and Black children 
had no human integrity that those who call themselves white were bound to 
respect. And in this debasement and definition of Black people, they debased 
and defamed themselves.

And have brought humanity to the edge of oblivion: because they think they are 
white. Because they think they are white, they do not dare confront the ravage 
and the lie o f their history. Because they think they are white, they cannot 
allow themselves to be tormented by the suspicion that all men are brothers. 
Because they think they are white, they are looking for, or bombing into 
existence, stable populations, cheerful natives and cheap labor. Because they 
think they are white, they believe, as even no child believes, in the dream of 
safety. Because they think they are white, however vociferous they may be and 
however multitudinous, they are as speechless as Lot's wife— looking backward, 
changed into a pillar of salt.

However-! White being, absolutely, a moral choice (for there are no white 
people), the crisis of leadership for those of us whose identity has been 
forged, or branded, as Black is nothing new. We—who were not Black before we 
got here either, who were defined as Black by the slave trade—have paid for the 
crisis of leadership in the white community for a very long time, and have 
resoundingly, even when we face the worst about ourselves, survived, and 
triumphed over it. If we had not survived and triumphed, there would not be a 
Black American alive.

And the fact that we are still here—even in suffering, darkness, danger, 
endlessly defined by those who do not dare define, or even confront, themselves 
is the key to the crisis in white leadership. The past informs us of various 
kinds of people—criminals, adventurers and saints, to say nothing, of course, 
of popes—but it is the Black condition, and only that, which informs us 
concerning white people.

It is a terrible paradox, but those who believed that they could control and 
define Black people divested themselves of the power to control and define 
themselves.






















































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