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The last Gandhian in Tamil Nadu


"A pig with feathers behind its ear is still a pig and not a bird of paradise."

This saying will take a beating in Tamil Nadu. Here, persons of
porcine disposition routinely decorate themselves with feathers behind
their ears and the Tamils have no hesitation in accepting them as
birds of paradise. A few real birds of this genus that remain in the
Tamil country have no interest in making an exhibition of themselves
in public. Fortunately, perhaps, they are unheralded and unnoticed.

Krishnammal is one of them.

Krishnammal was born in a Dalit family 84 years ago. I first heard
about her, and her upper caste Gandhian husband, some 40 years ago, in
the backdrop of the Kilvelmani massacre - when 44 Dalits, mostly women
and children, were burnt alive in a remote village of Tanjore district
by the goons of a landlord. The Communists were very angry with this
Sarvodaya couple and I was with the Communists. Kilvenmani was a
Communist village and we thought that Jagannathan and Krishnammal were
meddling there and blunting the revolutionary sword.

We were nowhere near the scene. Krishnammal stayed there for more than
a year. She worked ceaselessly in the teeth of opposition from all her
opponents and succeeded in getting 74 acres of fertile land for that
many landless Dalit families. Today, the villagers of Kilvenmani
consider the Jagannathan couple Shiva and Parvathi incarnate.

Krishnammal was fortunate in that she was in Mahatma Gandhi's
entourage when he travelled in Tamil Nadu in 1946. Gandhi's magic cast
an abiding spell on her and she married a fellow Gandhian,
Jagannathan, to lead a life of continuous struggle in support of
ordinary people. It was this spirit that took her to various corners
of our country and to its prisons. She was in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
with Vinoba Bhave at the height of the Bhoodan Movement, speaking in
public meetings in Hindi and pleading with landowners to gift away
land.

What she and her husband achieved in the Tamil country during the
movement was stupendous. They redistributed 100,000 acres of land to
the landless. One hundred thousand acres! Today, a square foot of
fallow land in Chennai's suburbs is close to Rs 3,000.

This quiet couple came to limelight recently for their spirited fight
against the mushrooming prawn farms in the coastal villages of Tamil
Nadu. In 2000, the 87-year-old Jagannathan underwent a 56-day fast
against prawn farming and was imprisoned by the State. The 2004
tsunami proved the couple right. The destruction of tidal estuaries
and the green belt to make way for prawn farms was one of the reasons
why the damage was colossal when the tsunami hit the Nagapattinam
coast. It was the couple's organisation - LAFTI (The Lands for the
Tillers Freedom) - that provided succour to thousands of Dalit
families rendered destitute by the tsunami.

I have had the privilege of observing closely two followers of Mahatma
Gandhi and they both had a unique, indefinable radiance. I saw it in
Sarat Sinha of Assam. I saw it in Krishnammal when my wife and I
called on her recently. It was clear within a few minutes that she had
no trace of bitterness and hate. When I told her of my link with the
Communists in the 1960s, she immediately pointed out it was the
selfless groundwork of the Communists that made the landless gather
courage and ask for higher wages. "We often work together, though they
are often angry with me," she said with a smile.

She was happy she could recently acquire more than 300 acres of land -
received voluntarily from landlords - and give it to Dalit families.
"Krishnan, the land has been transferred to women and not men," she
proudly proclaimed. She had no illusions about men. "In rural India,
the immediate oppressor is the husband, who is forever short of money
and usually very drunk. Land gives the wife what she is short of -
confidence."

Krishnammal was in Chennai to raise funds for cultivation of the land.
"We require only Rs 1,500 per acre for cultivation. The land, then,
will take care of itself and of the families that toil on it." Her
optimism was amazing and it gave me a clue as to why the followers of
Gandhi are a special breed.

As we hit the Mount Road while returning home, I saw Rajinikanth
glowering at me from giant hoardings. It occurred to me that the black
market rate for a single ticket to his latest film could well be Rs
1,500.

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