There are 15 messages in this issue.
Topics in this digest:
1a. Re: Is this a good place to present Ehenív?
From: Padraic Brown
1b. Re: Is this a good place to present Ehenív?
From: p...@phillipdriscoll.com
1c. Re: Is this a good place to present Ehenív?
From: Mechthild Czapp
1d. Re: Is this a good place to present Ehenív?
From: Adam Walker
1e. Re: Is this a good place to present Ehenív?
From: Ph. D.
1f. Re: Is this a good place to present Ehenív?
From: Padraic Brown
1g. Re: Is this a good place to present Ehenív?
From: Alex Fink
2a. Re: Dieing Languages
From: Padraic Brown
2b. Re: Dieing Languages
From: Nicole Valicia Thompson-Andrews
3a. Re: Ot: Ihilda and the Mescratchious
From: Daniel Bowman
4a. Re: Revising Tirelat romanization
From: Herman Miller
4b. Re: Revising Tirelat romanization
From: Herman Miller
5a. Re: translation exercises: McWhorter's 500 things language classes o
From: Alex Fink
6. FW: Dieing Languages
From: Nicole Valicia Thompson-Andrews
7. FW: translation exercises: McWhorter's 500 things language classes o
From: Nicole Valicia Thompson-Andrews
Messages
________________________________________________________________________
1a. Re: Is this a good place to present Ehenív?
Posted by: "Padraic Brown" elemti...@yahoo.com
Date: Wed May 29, 2013 3:23 pm ((PDT))
--- On Wed, 5/29/13, Nina-Kristine Johnson <ninakristi...@gmail.com> wrote:
> Admittedly, the grammar is a bit odd. I used Japanese as an
> inspiration and
> some *Yoda*. But it is a bit different from Japanese. I
> apologise if the
> structure breakdown sounds awkward and all over the place.
>
[...]
> There are a few different variations of syntax, but all
> share a basic
> structure.
>
> *1. Thing you're talking about (object or person)*
>
> ex: *Dali *(life)
>
> I begin the statement by emphasizing that I will be speaking
> of Life.
Ah, OSV. (Not "Our Sunday Visitor" either). OSV means "object" before
"subject" before "verb". Obviously, other permutations involve SVO
(typical of English, though OSV we also use from time to time), SOV
and so forth.
OSV and VSO I always liked best of all. (Course, I also like Yoda and
how he talks, but you'ld think that for someone who's been on the Jedi
Council for a millennium and thus has had long practice in speaking
the galactic language for which English is the prolanguage, would get the
object properly tucked away at the end! ;))
I use OSV for Mentolatian, a language spoken in the Eastlands of the World.
And since everyone is in the mood for tea, and since the land where this
language is spoken is famous for its varieties of teas, mints and other
vivicatory and curatorial herbage, here's a typical example:
Le-hattu qua-firu ev dur-yo-d
d.o.-tea topic-man I make-active-perf.
Qua-hattu on-firu ev dur-yo-d
topic-tea i.o.-man I make-active-perf.
Le-hattu qua-eh-hev ev dur-mno-d
d.o.-tea topic-self-me I make-middle-perf
Qua-hattu on-eh-hev ev dur-mno-d
topic-tea i.o.-self-me I make-middle-perf.
The usual word order is OSV. Whereas in English we handle topic emphasis
by rearranging the word order (to a certain extent), the Mentolatians
handle it regularly by using different prefixes.
> *2. Adjective* *(when needed...as with other languages: not
> all statements require an adjective)*
Mentolatian doesn't have adjectives. It does have attributive nouns,
though, and their use is governed by the qualities of alienability or
inalienability of the quality itself. That is, some properties can be
owned, and others can't and so simple binary phrases like "pretty girl"
don't translate directly. You end up with something like:
i-mnare yûûnguscuw means literally "of-girl beauty" and
demonstrates beauty (yûûnguscuw) as an inalienable property of the girl
(mnare)
mnare i-yûûnguscuw means literally "girl of-beauty" and
demonstrates beauty as an alienable property of the girl.
Both mean "pretty girl", but much depends on what exactly you mean by
that and what sorts of extra-linguistic wossnames you're trying to get
across.
Something like:
qua-(a)r-i-mnare yûûnguscuw, sam le-ha ev vo-trant! = "Concerning
the of-girl beauty, truly, d.o.-her I fut-court!" or,
"She's hot! And she's mine!"
as opposed to:
qua-(a)r-yûûnguscuw i-mnare, sam le-ha trantem dauv! = "Concerning
the beauty of-girl (which, as the Master says, fades...), truly,
d.o.-her court-imper. thou!" or, "She's got a really nice
personality -- you should ask her out!"
> This comes before the subject.
> *
> *
> *ex. Sošir * (correct)
>
> *3. Subject*
>
> ex. *Sa adila* (my mother)
>
> *4. Verb*
> *
> *
> ex. aš (is)
>
> There are exceptions to beginning the structure with
> *dali*...*hawal *
> (about)* dali* (how I would write it, personally).
>
> *Hawal dali, sošir, sa adila aš* (My mother is correct
> about life--or
> simply "Mother is right").
>
> Variations of this include adding more *subjects*.
> Adjectives need not
> apply in some cases.
>
> Best way to illustrate it is if I use it in a sentence.
>
> ex. *Ísk malųpe, **sæ, sa adila aktalt*. (A kitten, me,
> my mother gave or
> My mother gave me a kitten).
>
> *Subject 1, pronoun (in this case), subject 2, and verb
> (past tense). *
>
> *Aktalt* is literally *gived*. Also, no adjective was used
> in this sentence.
Is "gived" a misspelling, or are you trying to say that the Ehenív verb
for give is in some way unlike English strong verbs morphologically
speaking?
I'm not really sure what "gived" means otherwise.
[snip many lovely sounding examples!]
> For some of these: I took a cue from Chinese. I studied
> Mandarin at
> university and found it interesting that the word for
> computer was
> literally *electric brain* (which I sort of copied for
> *Ehenví*...). Also,
> the word for *cheese* is quite literally *Old milk*.
Mmm. Old Milk...
As they say up in the City: ande hit nout-thawnyet thin tothes out fram
er thêm caves net ne gôde ravendales qeysô that! -- "if it don't melt yer
teeth from their sockets, it ain't proper cheddar cheese, that!"
> Please let me know if I forgot something or I messed up my
> wording. Also if
> there are questions: I love answering them (better than
> answering questions
> at work! I don't know why your circuit got messed up or why
> the server forgot your password!).
Generally speaking, conlanging is more interesting than many kinds of
actual work! :)
As for the jargon, I think you'll pick that up as you go.
> I rarely get to tell people about the language and how it works.
Well, seems to me you've landed in the right place for that!
Padraic
> Tisala-e!,
> Kristine ^_^
Messages in this topic (14)
________________________________________________________________________
1b. Re: Is this a good place to present Ehenív?
Posted by: p...@phillipdriscoll.com
Date: Wed May 29, 2013 3:34 pm ((PDT))
After so many accolades, I hate to be critical. FSM knows I'm not
very good at creating a language, and I don't want to discourage you.
But your language seems to be a relex of English with Yoda-speak
word order.
ata = am
af = are
aš = is
Is there no distinction between "her" as an object and as a possessive?
How would you say, "My neighbor painted the house of the man who
robbed the bank where I keep my money." ?
(and is the word for "queen" really "latifa"???)
--Ph. D.
Nina-Kristine Johnson <ninakristi...@gmail.com> wrote:
> *E-me!* I'm indeed flattered with all the positive responses I've received.
> *Č*o*l**š**ake, šan fandi, kittit!* (Thank-you very much, everyone!). ^_^
>
> Admittedly, the grammar is a bit odd. I used Japanese as an inspiration and
> some *Yoda*. But it is a bit different from Japanese. I apologise if the
> structure breakdown sounds awkward and all over the place.
>
> For some reason, though...it seems to *flow together*. I tested this by
> writing (and am filming!) my own movie. I have 4 scenes done but the
> project is on hold because of work and lack of time.
>
> Coming to YouTube!
>
> Anyway...in response to some questions. I would be happy to answer. ^_^
>
> There are a few different variations of syntax, but all share a basic
> structure.
>
> *1. Thing you're talking about (object or person)*
>
> ex: *Dali *(life)
>
> I begin the statement by emphasizing that I will be speaking of Life.
>
> *2. Adjective* *(when needed...as with other languages: not all statements
> require an adjective)*
>
> This comes before the subject.
> *
> *
> *ex. Sošir * (correct)
>
> *3. Subject*
>
> ex. *Sa adila* (my mother)
>
> *4. Verb*
> *
> *
> ex. aš (is)
>
> There are exceptions to beginning the structure with *dali*...*hawal *
> (about)* dali* (how I would write it, personally).
>
> *Hawal dali, sošir, sa adila aš* (My mother is correct about life--or
> simply "Mother is right").
>
> Variations of this include adding more *subjects*. Adjectives need not
> apply in some cases.
>
> Best way to illustrate it is if I use it in a sentence.
>
> ex. *Ísk malųpe, **sæ, sa adila aktalt*. (A kitten, me, my mother gave or
> My mother gave me a kitten).
>
> *Subject 1, pronoun (in this case), subject 2, and verb (past tense). *
>
> *Aktalt* is literally *gived*. Also, no adjective was used in this
> sentence.
>
> And to answer the question about adjectives...
>
> There are exceptions to placement of these. *These pertain to Subject
> # 1 *(numerical,
> mostly, but you can use colour, age, size)
>
> *Zay **malųpe-e* (2 kittens), *sæ, sa adila aktalt. *(My mother gave me two
> kittens).
>
> or
>
> *Ísk sarni malųpe, **sæ, sa adila aktalt*. (My mother gave me a black
> kitten).
>
> or
>
> *Zay sarni **malųpe-e* (2 kittens), *sæ, sa adila aktalt. *(my mother gave
> me two black kittens).
>
> *For subject # 2 (the one one that comes before verb)*
>
> ex. *Yųg dali, tisala, e'ata*. (I'm happy with life).
>
> In this scenario: the adjective is not directly attributed to the topic at
> hand. (in this case: *dali*).
>
> And of course the use of multiple verbs in a sentence. I feel if I
> demonstrate it: it would be better.
>
> *ex: Va saykas, sakt, és e-éna. *(I need to go to the store).
>
> Va Saykas, Sakt (verb1), és e-éna* *(verb 2)
>
> If you want to add a specific time: that would go between the noun and verb
> 1.
>
> *Va saykas, ra yanæ, **sakt, és e-éna *(I need to go to the store, today).
>
> Time, adjective, and adverbs all go in one place.
>
> I could go on and on citing examples in this way (if you lot have the
> time...I just might).
>
> *And finally: about word creation.*
>
> For some of these: I took a cue from Chinese. I studied Mandarin at
> university and found it interesting that the word for computer was
> literally *electric brain* (which I sort of copied for *Ehenví*...). Also,
> the word for *cheese* is quite literally *Old milk*.
>
> The other words were either taken from another language (ex. French word
> for *Tree* and the German word for *Honey*), what I associate with a
> concept or word (ex: I actually morphed work colleagues' names into words
> or how I feel about them; *Stylish* and *Kindness* are taken from their
> names) or I just come up with a word in my head. The verb *sakt* is a good
> example of "off the top of the head".
>
> The words for *Kitten* and *Puppy* are actually a mix of these.
>
> *Mala + Lųpethl *(Little Cat)
>
> *Mala + Bénkal *(Little Dog)
>
> *Dog* = dog names (Bentley and my aunt's dog, Rascal)
>
> *Cat *= cats names (Lucy, Pele, and Ethel)
>
> Please let me know if I forgot something or I messed up my wording. Also if
> there are questions: I love answering them (better than answering questions
> at work! I don't know why your circuit got messed up or why the server
> forgot your password!).
>
> I rarely get to tell people about the language and how it works. And those
> who I do tell are interested but are like *oh goodness! I don't understand
> a word you're saying. Still think your language is adorable.*
>
> *Ho pas ingrasa víd-e, bi čol, šan fandi, és kitit!* (I thank you all very
> much for your kind words).
>
> Tisala-e!,
> Kristine ^_^
Messages in this topic (14)
________________________________________________________________________
1c. Re: Is this a good place to present Ehenív?
Posted by: "Mechthild Czapp" rejista...@me.com
Date: Wed May 29, 2013 3:46 pm ((PDT))
> After so many accolades, I hate to be critical. FSM knows I'm not
> very good at creating a language, and I don't want to discourage you.
>
> But your language seems to be a relex of English with Yoda-speak
> word order.
>
> ata = am
> af = are
> aš = is
>
> Is there no distinction between "her" as an object and as a possessive?
>
> How would you say, "My neighbor painted the house of the man who
> robbed the bank where I keep my money." ?
>
> (and is the word for "queen" really "latifa"???)
Nothing wrong with inside jokes. Rejistanian uses tons of them. Kamakawi does
as well (pika!). And I don't know any constructed language which does not.
>
> --Ph. D.
>
> Nina-Kristine Johnson <ninakristi...@gmail.com> wrote:
>> *E-me!* I'm indeed flattered with all the positive responses I've received.
>> *Č*o*l**š**ake, šan fandi, kittit!* (Thank-you very much, everyone!). ^_^
>>
>> Admittedly, the grammar is a bit odd. I used Japanese as an inspiration and
>> some *Yoda*. But it is a bit different from Japanese. I apologise if the
>> structure breakdown sounds awkward and all over the place.
>>
>> For some reason, though...it seems to *flow together*. I tested this by
>> writing (and am filming!) my own movie. I have 4 scenes done but the
>> project is on hold because of work and lack of time.
>>
>> Coming to YouTube!
>>
>> Anyway...in response to some questions. I would be happy to answer. ^_^
>>
>> There are a few different variations of syntax, but all share a basic
>> structure.
>>
>> *1. Thing you're talking about (object or person)*
>>
>> ex: *Dali *(life)
>>
>> I begin the statement by emphasizing that I will be speaking of Life.
>>
>> *2. Adjective* *(when needed...as with other languages: not all statements
>> require an adjective)*
>>
>> This comes before the subject.
>> *
>> *
>> *ex. Sošir * (correct)
>>
>> *3. Subject*
>>
>> ex. *Sa adila* (my mother)
>>
>> *4. Verb*
>> *
>> *
>> ex. aš (is)
>>
>> There are exceptions to beginning the structure with *dali*...*hawal *
>> (about)* dali* (how I would write it, personally).
>>
>> *Hawal dali, sošir, sa adila aš* (My mother is correct about life--or
>> simply "Mother is right").
>>
>> Variations of this include adding more *subjects*. Adjectives need not
>> apply in some cases.
>>
>> Best way to illustrate it is if I use it in a sentence.
>>
>> ex. *Ísk malųpe, **sæ, sa adila aktalt*. (A kitten, me, my mother gave or
>> My mother gave me a kitten).
>>
>> *Subject 1, pronoun (in this case), subject 2, and verb (past tense). *
>>
>> *Aktalt* is literally *gived*. Also, no adjective was used in this
>> sentence.
>>
>> And to answer the question about adjectives...
>>
>> There are exceptions to placement of these. *These pertain to Subject
>> # 1 *(numerical,
>> mostly, but you can use colour, age, size)
>>
>> *Zay **malųpe-e* (2 kittens), *sæ, sa adila aktalt. *(My mother gave me two
>> kittens).
>>
>> or
>>
>> *Ísk sarni malųpe, **sæ, sa adila aktalt*. (My mother gave me a black
>> kitten).
>>
>> or
>>
>> *Zay sarni **malųpe-e* (2 kittens), *sæ, sa adila aktalt. *(my mother gave
>> me two black kittens).
>>
>> *For subject # 2 (the one one that comes before verb)*
>>
>> ex. *Yųg dali, tisala, e'ata*. (I'm happy with life).
>>
>> In this scenario: the adjective is not directly attributed to the topic at
>> hand. (in this case: *dali*).
>>
>> And of course the use of multiple verbs in a sentence. I feel if I
>> demonstrate it: it would be better.
>>
>> *ex: Va saykas, sakt, és e-éna. *(I need to go to the store).
>>
>> Va Saykas, Sakt (verb1), és e-éna* *(verb 2)
>>
>> If you want to add a specific time: that would go between the noun and verb
>> 1.
>>
>> *Va saykas, ra yanæ, **sakt, és e-éna *(I need to go to the store, today).
>>
>> Time, adjective, and adverbs all go in one place.
>>
>> I could go on and on citing examples in this way (if you lot have the
>> time...I just might).
>>
>> *And finally: about word creation.*
>>
>> For some of these: I took a cue from Chinese. I studied Mandarin at
>> university and found it interesting that the word for computer was
>> literally *electric brain* (which I sort of copied for *Ehenví*...). Also,
>> the word for *cheese* is quite literally *Old milk*.
>>
>> The other words were either taken from another language (ex. French word
>> for *Tree* and the German word for *Honey*), what I associate with a
>> concept or word (ex: I actually morphed work colleagues' names into words
>> or how I feel about them; *Stylish* and *Kindness* are taken from their
>> names) or I just come up with a word in my head. The verb *sakt* is a good
>> example of "off the top of the head".
>>
>> The words for *Kitten* and *Puppy* are actually a mix of these.
>>
>> *Mala + Lųpethl *(Little Cat)
>>
>> *Mala + Bénkal *(Little Dog)
>>
>> *Dog* = dog names (Bentley and my aunt's dog, Rascal)
>>
>> *Cat *= cats names (Lucy, Pele, and Ethel)
>>
>> Please let me know if I forgot something or I messed up my wording. Also if
>> there are questions: I love answering them (better than answering questions
>> at work! I don't know why your circuit got messed up or why the server
>> forgot your password!).
>>
>> I rarely get to tell people about the language and how it works. And those
>> who I do tell are interested but are like *oh goodness! I don't understand
>> a word you're saying. Still think your language is adorable.*
>>
>> *Ho pas ingrasa víd-e, bi čol, šan fandi, és kitit!* (I thank you all very
>> much for your kind words).
>>
>> Tisala-e!,
>> Kristine ^_^
Messages in this topic (14)
________________________________________________________________________
1d. Re: Is this a good place to present Ehenív?
Posted by: "Adam Walker" carra...@gmail.com
Date: Wed May 29, 2013 3:52 pm ((PDT))
On Wed, May 29, 2013 at 5:46 PM, Mechthild Czapp <rejista...@me.com> wrote:
> Ph. D. wrote:
> > (and is the word for "queen" really "latifa"???)
>
> Nothing wrong with inside jokes. Rejistanian uses tons of them. Kamakawi
> does as well (pika!). And I don't know any constructed language which does
> not.
>
>
Indeed. In Gravgaln the word for green is drra and the word for purple is
dzi.
Adam
Messages in this topic (14)
________________________________________________________________________
1e. Re: Is this a good place to present Ehenív?
Posted by: "Ph. D." p...@phillipdriscoll.com
Date: Wed May 29, 2013 5:35 pm ((PDT))
On 5/29/2013 6:46 PM, Mechthild Czapp wrote:
Ph. D. wrote:
(and is the word for "queen" really "latifa"???)
> Nothing wrong with inside jokes. Rejistanian uses tons of them. Kamakawi does
> as well (pika!). And I don't know any constructed language which does not.
I agree. They're just not usually so obvious. (I guess I'm just not a
Queen Latifah fan.)
--Ph. D.
Messages in this topic (14)
________________________________________________________________________
1f. Re: Is this a good place to present Ehenív?
Posted by: "Padraic Brown" elemti...@yahoo.com
Date: Wed May 29, 2013 6:35 pm ((PDT))
--- On Wed, 5/29/13, p...@phillipdriscoll.com <p...@phillipdriscoll.com> wrote:
> After so many accolades, I hate to be critical. FSM knows I'm not
> very good at creating a language, and I don't want to discourage you.
Constructive criticism should always be welcome.
> But your language seems to be a relex of English with Yoda-speak
> word order.
I get the idea that this is her first foray into conlanging. I think
on the whole perhaps not bad for the first go! (I could be wrong here,
mind.)
> How would you say, "My neighbor painted the house of the man who
> robbed the bank where I keep my money." ?
Not easy -- needed rather a few new words:
Quadazg ogtingtangsang varangledazgifiru : quaqashibanc wogyerrfsang
varamy yisamfifiru yerrfyod : samvram fyamfag wivan doryod.
Qua-dazg og-tintang-sam-em varam le-dazg i-firu; qua-qasc i-bancu og-yerrf-
sam-em varam yisam fi-firu yerrfyod; samvaram fi-amfagu i-van doryod.
Concerning-house on-decorate-PASS-STATIVE indeed D.O.-house POSS.-man;
concerning-cash POSS-bank on-seize-PASS-STATIVE same-thing NOM-man
seize-ACT-PERF; broadly.speaking NOM-neighbour POSS-me do-ACT-PERF.
More idiomatically: regarding the man's painted house, the one who stole
the bank's cash, yep, my neighbour did that.
> (and is the word for "queen" really "latifa"???)
:)
Could be far worse.
In the World, the distilled spirits of Elektra City are stored in bat
trees. I rather doubt anyone asked the bats for their imput!
Anyway, she did state that it was a deliberate design principle to take
and alter the names of co-workers and so forth to form words. Perhaps
latifa ain't mangled sufficiently?
Padraic
> --Ph. D.
>
> Nina-Kristine Johnson <ninakristi...@gmail.com>
> wrote:
> > *E-me!* I'm indeed flattered with all the positive
> responses I've received.
> > *Č*o*l**š**ake, šan fandi, kittit!* (Thank-you very
> much, everyone!). ^_^
> >
> > Admittedly, the grammar is a bit odd. I used Japanese
> as an inspiration and
> > some *Yoda*. But it is a bit different from Japanese. I
> apologise if the
> > structure breakdown sounds awkward and all over the
> place.
> >
> > For some reason, though...it seems to *flow together*.
> I tested this by
> > writing (and am filming!) my own movie. I have 4 scenes
> done but the
> > project is on hold because of work and lack of time.
> >
> > Coming to YouTube!
> >
> > Anyway...in response to some questions. I would be
> happy to answer. ^_^
> >
> > There are a few different variations of syntax, but all
> share a basic
> > structure.
> >
> > *1. Thing you're talking about (object or person)*
> >
> > ex: *Dali *(life)
> >
> > I begin the statement by emphasizing that I will be
> speaking of Life.
> >
> > *2. Adjective* *(when needed...as with other languages:
> not all statements
> > require an adjective)*
> >
> > This comes before the subject.
> > *
> > *
> > *ex. Sošir * (correct)
> >
> > *3. Subject*
> >
> > ex. *Sa adila* (my mother)
> >
> > *4. Verb*
> > *
> > *
> > ex. aš (is)
> >
> > There are exceptions to beginning the structure with
> *dali*...*hawal *
> > (about)* dali* (how I would write it, personally).
> >
> > *Hawal dali, sošir, sa adila aš* (My mother is
> correct about life--or
> > simply "Mother is right").
> >
> > Variations of this include adding more *subjects*.
> Adjectives need not
> > apply in some cases.
> >
> > Best way to illustrate it is if I use it in a
> sentence.
> >
> > ex. *Ísk malųpe, **sæ, sa adila aktalt*. (A kitten,
> me, my mother gave or
> > My mother gave me a kitten).
> >
> > *Subject 1, pronoun (in this case), subject 2, and verb
> (past tense). *
> >
> > *Aktalt* is literally *gived*. Also, no adjective was
> used in this
> > sentence.
> >
> > And to answer the question about adjectives...
> >
> > There are exceptions to placement of these. *These
> pertain to Subject
> > # 1 *(numerical,
> > mostly, but you can use colour, age, size)
> >
> > *Zay **malųpe-e* (2 kittens), *sæ, sa adila aktalt.
> *(My mother gave me two
> > kittens).
> >
> > or
> >
> > *Ísk sarni malųpe, **sæ, sa adila aktalt*. (My
> mother gave me a black
> > kitten).
> >
> > or
> >
> > *Zay sarni **malųpe-e* (2 kittens), *sæ, sa adila
> aktalt. *(my mother gave
> > me two black kittens).
> >
> > *For subject # 2 (the one one that comes before verb)*
> >
> > ex. *Yųg dali, tisala, e'ata*. (I'm happy with life).
> >
> > In this scenario: the adjective is not directly
> attributed to the topic at
> > hand. (in this case: *dali*).
> >
> > And of course the use of multiple verbs in a sentence.
> I feel if I
> > demonstrate it: it would be better.
> >
> > *ex: Va saykas, sakt, és e-éna. *(I need to go to the
> store).
> >
> > Va Saykas, Sakt (verb1), és e-éna* *(verb 2)
> >
> > If you want to add a specific time: that would go
> between the noun and verb
> > 1.
> >
> > *Va saykas, ra yanæ, **sakt, és e-éna *(I need to go
> to the store, today).
> >
> > Time, adjective, and adverbs all go in one place.
> >
> > I could go on and on citing examples in this way (if
> you lot have the
> > time...I just might).
> >
> > *And finally: about word creation.*
> >
> > For some of these: I took a cue from Chinese. I studied
> Mandarin at
> > university and found it interesting that the word for
> computer was
> > literally *electric brain* (which I sort of copied for
> *Ehenví*...). Also,
> > the word for *cheese* is quite literally *Old milk*.
> >
> > The other words were either taken from another language
> (ex. French word
> > for *Tree* and the German word for *Honey*), what I
> associate with a
> > concept or word (ex: I actually morphed work
> colleagues' names into words
> > or how I feel about them; *Stylish* and *Kindness* are
> taken from their
> > names) or I just come up with a word in my head. The
> verb *sakt* is a good
> > example of "off the top of the head".
> >
> > The words for *Kitten* and *Puppy* are actually a mix
> of these.
> >
> > *Mala + Lųpethl *(Little Cat)
> >
> > *Mala + Bénkal *(Little Dog)
> >
> > *Dog* = dog names (Bentley and my aunt's dog, Rascal)
> >
> > *Cat *= cats names (Lucy, Pele, and Ethel)
> >
> > Please let me know if I forgot something or I messed up
> my wording. Also if
> > there are questions: I love answering them (better than
> answering questions
> > at work! I don't know why your circuit got messed up or
> why the server
> > forgot your password!).
> >
> > I rarely get to tell people about the language and how
> it works. And those
> > who I do tell are interested but are like *oh goodness!
> I don't understand
> > a word you're saying. Still think your language is
> adorable.*
> >
> > *Ho pas ingrasa víd-e, bi čol, šan fandi, és
> kitit!* (I thank you all very
> > much for your kind words).
> >
> > Tisala-e!,
> > Kristine ^_^
>
Messages in this topic (14)
________________________________________________________________________
1g. Re: Is this a good place to present Ehenív?
Posted by: "Alex Fink" 000...@gmail.com
Date: Wed May 29, 2013 7:13 pm ((PDT))
On Wed, 29 May 2013 23:46:07 +0100, Mechthild Czapp <rejista...@me.com> wrote:
>> After so many accolades, I hate to be critical. FSM knows I'm not
>> very good at creating a language, and I don't want to discourage you.
Nor do I, certainly!
>> But your language seems to be a relex of English with Yoda-speak
>> word order.
>>
>> ata = am
>> af = are
>> aš = is
Mhmm, I noticed some of that too. For example:
On Wed, 29 May 2013 08:16:57 -0700, Nina-Kristine Johnson
<ninakristi...@gmail.com> wrote:
>ex. *Ísk malųpe, **sæ, sa adila aktalt*. (A kitten, me, my mother gave or
>My mother gave me a kitten).
>
>*Aktalt* is literally *gived*.
Well, _aktalt_ is _aktal_, the stem of "give", plus _-t_, the past tense
marker, right? That's... exactly the normal way you'd expect to form the word
for "gave" with the materials Ehenív has. Makes perfect sense on its own! As
far as I can tell, the formation only seems to deserve remark if you're trying
to see Ehenív and English as morpheme-for-morpheme equivalent, in a way that
ordinarily two different languages would never be.
Similarly, I'm impressed that Ehenív includes contractions; having a choice
between reduced and unreduced alternants is the type of grammatical phenomenon
which people often overlook. Yet the ones you've chosen to include seem to be
word-for-word analogues of English contractions. It could well be that some
pairs of words which would "naturally" contract in Eheniv have no translation
that is an English contraction, or vice versa.
For a few examples, _dat müs_ doesn't actually contract(!), so aside from
English-cloneliness it seems to me there's no reason to put it in the list of
contractions. In the other direction, it's essentially accidental that English
has "that's" but lacks a contraction for "this is" (the reason is probably
because "this" ends with /s/, comparable to the way that plurals of most nouns
are just /s/ or /z/ but nouns like "bus" ending in /s/ take /@z/). If Ehenív
can contract "that is", perhaps it can contract "this is"? _r'as_?
Another fact to note about English contractions is that it is principally the
second word that gets reduced: "am are is will had" lose everything but their
last consonant, while "not" keeps its initial consonant too. The first word
basically stays intact, though sometimes there is vowel colouring. In Ehenív,
the burden of contracting is borne much more equally: pronouns contract before
auxiliary verbs, but "will" and "had" contract after pronouns, and those and
others contract before "not". It makes me wonder whether one or more of these
contraction processes might in fact be much more general, and not need a second
'little' word to lean on: perhaps pronouns, e.g., might be able to contract
before any verb?
It is also interesting that _š_ "contracts" to _s_ -- that's not really a
contraction, rather an alternation...
>> (and is the word for "queen" really "latifa"???)
>
>Nothing wrong with inside jokes. Rejistanian uses tons of them. Kamakawi does
>as well (pika!). And I don't know any constructed language which does not.
Hm. Various words in my own conlangs, especially words that've been inherited
in some form from juvenilia-langs, have silly external etymologies, and I guess
that makes 'em inside jokes if "jokes" are allowed to be not amusing. But then
e.g. Sabasasaj doesn't even have words like that, as far as I can remember.
Alex
Messages in this topic (14)
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________________________________________________________________________
2a. Re: Dieing Languages
Posted by: "Padraic Brown" elemti...@yahoo.com
Date: Wed May 29, 2013 3:33 pm ((PDT))
--- On Wed, 5/29/13, Nicole Valicia Thompson-Andrews <goldyemo...@gmail.com>
wrote:
> So what are the attitudes towards speaking in your world? Is it
> gender-specific, are women allowed to talk etc? Is it age-specific?
Among the Daine, of course everyone is "allowed to talk". They are a speaking
race after all. Girls are far better at it, and so there is a
disproportionate number of girls in the various talking realms. Boys are
rarely poets, not often representatives / ambassadors and usually not
rulers or skilled story tellers. Westmarche, for example, is governed by
various national and local queens who are upwards of 90% female. The Great
Queen and the high ministry have always been all female.
On the other hand, all things balance out: girls rarely govern outside of
the household and the township -- very few of them are sheriffs or
herzogs. And in a time of general war, even Great Queen herself will
appoint a male herzog to see to it the war is conducted properly. Most
musicians are boys, and all the best bards are. Hunting is generally the
province of boys, as is watching over the herds.
> Mellissa Green
Padraic
Messages in this topic (20)
________________________________________________________________________
2b. Re: Dieing Languages
Posted by: "Nicole Valicia Thompson-Andrews" goldyemo...@gmail.com
Date: Wed May 29, 2013 9:10 pm ((PDT))
I think the first question was how do fever bite and frostbite match up,
they don't match up. The Silknish speakers feel that trying to create
medical roots or any other Silknish word root with a Yardish suffix will
create an unmatched word like fever bite.
The symbols I used represent letters, and even thought both languages use
them, Yardish doesn't use them in one word grouped like that. Yardish would
be more likely to use a double symbol at the word's beginning, and a triple
set at the end, so I made that world deliberately hard to read, as that's
how a Silknish speaker would write it.
Example:
Yardish:
~`Con/$%ers
Silknish:
~~`C/##$%%*/er%s
Mellissa Green
@GreenNovelist
Messages in this topic (20)
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________________________________________________________________________
3a. Re: Ot: Ihilda and the Mescratchious
Posted by: "Daniel Bowman" danny.c.bow...@gmail.com
Date: Wed May 29, 2013 7:07 pm ((PDT))
My curiosity as reader was certainly piqued -- what's a Mescratchious
[mɪs'krætʃi.əs]/[mɛs'krætʃi.əs]/[məs'krætʃi.əs] and what will it and our
little intrepid heroine encounter?
Mescratchiou is pronounced [mɛ'skrætʃ'i'oʊ]. Singular: mescratchiou,
plural, mescratchious.
Mescratchiou is not Angosey, it long predates it. I invented the word and
the animal when I was five or six.
Ihilda, on the other hand, is Angosey. Literally, it means 'to have faith
in' or 'to believe in.' Ihilda is the weaker form of "ishildha" - that
means "strong faith, conviction". The heroine is a simple country girl,
but her pure heart and stubborn resilience is what gets her through the
story.
Ihilda is pronounced [ɪ'hɪl'ɖa]. A bit hard for me to get that last
syllable right. My dogs got quite excited as I said [dog]/[ ɖog] several
times trying to see how it actually sounded. I expect my readers would
just go with [ɪ'hɪl'da].
I think it's clear that I need a different word for the creatures - despite
the fact that my 6 year old self would throw a tantrum. I also think
whatever word I come up with should not be in the title. Two invented
words out of three on a title does not a bestseller make.
Thanks everyone for the feedback!
Messages in this topic (13)
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________________________________________________________________________
4a. Re: Revising Tirelat romanization
Posted by: "Herman Miller" hmil...@prismnet.com
Date: Wed May 29, 2013 8:16 pm ((PDT))
On 5/29/2013 10:26 AM, H. S. Teoh wrote:
>> 3.<y> for /j/. Spelling /j/ as<y> would leave<j> free to
>> represent /dʒ/, which exists in some conservative dialects. But
>> there's nothing much wrong with<dž>, and I'd need a new spelling
>> for /ɨ/, which I'm currently writing as<y>.
>
> /ɨ/ as<y>? Sounds like Russian transcription. ;-)
It's also apparently used in Guaraní. But it seems like the most obvious
way to write /ɨ/.
> What about<jh> for
> /dʒ/? Or is that ambiguous with something else?
I think it's likely to be mispronounced /ʒ/. It could also be useful for
a voiceless /j/, if I need one.
>> 5. Double letters for long vowels. This would be reasonable, but
>> Tirelat actually uses a letter to mark long vowels in its native
>> alphabet, and<h> seems like the best way to spell this character in
>> a romanized version.
> [...]
>
> What about a macron accent? Like ā for long a, etc.. That way you'd free
> up<h> for other uses.
I don't much like the look of <ë̄> for a long version of <ë> (in some
fonts you can't even tell that it's got stacked diacritics). Of course,
I could use <ǝ> (U+01DD) or <ə> (U+0259). (Lowercase look the same, but
they have different capitals, <Ǝ> and <Ə>.) With a macron that would be
<ǝ̄> and <ə̄>.
Acute and circumflex accents could be other options for long vowels:
<ë́>, <ë̂>.
Messages in this topic (10)
________________________________________________________________________
4b. Re: Revising Tirelat romanization
Posted by: "Herman Miller" hmil...@prismnet.com
Date: Wed May 29, 2013 8:44 pm ((PDT))
On 5/29/2013 12:36 PM, BPJ wrote:
>> The obvious fix is to use <kh> for the /x/ sound. It could be
>> mistaken for /k.h/ as in "backhand" or "sinkhole", but not much
>> else, and Tirelat doesn't have an /h/ sound. Plus it gives me an
>> excuse to write <gh> for /ɣ/. I've never much liked <ġ> or <ğ>, or
>> any of the alternatives like <ƣ> ("gha", U+01A3).
>
> How do you write other fricatives and affricates?
In Tirelat or other languages?
Tirelat has <f, v, s, z, š, ž>, representing the sounds /f v s z ʂ ʐ/.
If I had a language that distinguished between post-alveolar /ʃ ʒ/ and
retroflex /ʂ ʐ/, I might want to spell <š> and <ž> differently (the
obvious way is <ṣ, ẓ>). Besides the affricates <ts> and <dz>, some
dialects have <tš> and <dž>.
> I could live with <m ṃ n ṇ ň ṇ̌ ŋ ŋ̇ l ḷ r ṛ> if I only could
> get them all precomposed! Moreover most fonts have a <ǥ>
> struck through the tail, while I like it struck through the
> (upper) bowl.
If I ever put out another version of Thryomanes, I'll move the line on
the <ǥ>.
> I've tried to go all in the other way with digraphs, but those
> certainly rub me the wrong way. The words just don't look right!
>
> | <æ> <e>
> | <c> <ch>
> | <ç> <sh>
> | <e> <y>
> | <j> <jh>, <zh>
> | <q> <gh>
> | <x> <kh>
> | <y> <j>
Well, the appearance of whole words as opposed to the sounds on their
own is certainly important. If I look at Tirelat words like "žihrhi" or
"zahghë", all those h's make me think that it might be better to write
long vowels as double ("žiirhi", "zaaghë"). A change in one spelling
Messages in this topic (10)
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________________________________________________________________________
5a. Re: translation exercises: McWhorter's 500 things language classes o
Posted by: "Alex Fink" 000...@gmail.com
Date: Wed May 29, 2013 8:18 pm ((PDT))
On Wed, 29 May 2013 13:30:36 -0700, David Peterson <deda...@gmail.com> wrote:
>Perhaps this can be added to FrathWiki? Or even better: Perhaps they can be
>added as translations to http://cals.conlang.org!
One should probably ask John at least regarding the former; given it's a wiki,
and given I think he's still slowly gathering specimina, I could see a person
taking that as having creative control wrested from them...
Alex
Messages in this topic (6)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6. FW: Dieing Languages
Posted by: "Nicole Valicia Thompson-Andrews" goldyemo...@gmail.com
Date: Wed May 29, 2013 9:02 pm ((PDT))
Mellissa Green
@GreenNovelist
-----Original Message-----
From: Nicole Valicia Thompson-Andrews [mailto:goldyemo...@gmail.com]
Sent: Wednesday, May 29, 2013 6:39 PM
To: 'Constructed Languages List'
Subject: RE: Dieing Languages
That's interesting.
Is it age-specific, like do the younger ones allowed to talk at dinner etc?
I'm mentally working out, since I talked to the guide creator and she said
that I should do the sociolinguistics section last, as she's found that when
her class has done that first, the didn't give much linguistic description.
Mellissa Green
@GreenNovelist
-----Original Message-----
From: Constructed Languages List [mailto:conl...@listserv.brown.edu] On
Behalf Of Padraic Brown
Sent: Wednesday, May 29, 2013 3:34 PM
To: conl...@listserv.brown.edu
Subject: Re: Dieing Languages
--- On Wed, 5/29/13, Nicole Valicia Thompson-Andrews <goldyemo...@gmail.com>
wrote:
> So what are the attitudes towards speaking in your world? Is it
> gender-specific, are women allowed to talk etc? Is it age-specific?
Among the Daine, of course everyone is "allowed to talk". They are a
speaking
race after all. Girls are far better at it, and so there is a
disproportionate number of girls in the various talking realms. Boys are
rarely poets, not often representatives / ambassadors and usually not
rulers or skilled story tellers. Westmarche, for example, is governed by
various national and local queens who are upwards of 90% female. The Great
Queen and the high ministry have always been all female.
On the other hand, all things balance out: girls rarely govern outside of
the household and the township -- very few of them are sheriffs or
herzogs. And in a time of general war, even Great Queen herself will
appoint a male herzog to see to it the war is conducted properly. Most
musicians are boys, and all the best bards are. Hunting is generally the
province of boys, as is watching over the herds.
> Mellissa Green
Padraic
Messages in this topic (1)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
7. FW: translation exercises: McWhorter's 500 things language classes o
Posted by: "Nicole Valicia Thompson-Andrews" goldyemo...@gmail.com
Date: Wed May 29, 2013 9:02 pm ((PDT))
Mellissa Green
@GreenNovelist
-----Original Message-----
From: Nicole Valicia Thompson-Andrews [mailto:goldyemo...@gmail.com]
Sent: Wednesday, May 29, 2013 1:34 PM
To: 'Constructed Languages List'
Subject: RE: translation exercises: McWhorter's 500 things language classes
overlook
I'm adding to this report, as I'll have to do translations as part of the
final write up.
Mellissa Green
@GreenNovelist
-----Original Message-----
From: Constructed Languages List [mailto:conl...@listserv.brown.edu] On
Behalf Of David Peterson
Sent: Wednesday, May 29, 2013 1:31 PM
To: conl...@listserv.brown.edu
Subject: Re: translation exercises: McWhorter's 500 things language classes
overlook
Perhaps this can be added to FrathWiki? Or even better: Perhaps they can be
added as translations to http://cals.conlang.org!
David Peterson
LCS President
presid...@conlang.org
www.conlang.org
On May 29, 2013, at 12:07 PM, Alex Fink <000...@gmail.com> wrote:
> John McWhorter has for a couple decades been collecting sentences of
> the sort one doesn't learn how to say in second-language classes.
> Vocabulary words are easy to acquire; nice and obvious (SAE)
> inflectional categories invariably get their dedicated lessons; but
> there are types of sentences which neither of these naturally cover
> but which nonetheless are common in day-to-day usage, and prone to
> idiomaticity. (There are some overlooked lexical areas in there as
> well.) He has very graciously sent me his list, and I hope I'm not
> running afoul of him by reproducing it below!
>
> How do(es) your conlang(s) handle these? I'd expect, on the grounds
> that irregularities pile up in the most used parts of language, that
> naturalistic conlangs should show a similar level of
> (quasi)idiomaticity to English in, if not these exact sentences, then
> ones much like them...
>
> Parts of this list perhaps also contribute answers to John Q's
> question in the "Observations on verbal periphrastic constructions"
> thread.
>
> Alex
>
> [hic incipit syllabus McWhorteri]
>
> AGE
> How old are you?
> You're getting old.
> I'm two years older.
> That's how that generation thought.
>
> "ALL"
> His face was covered with blood
> I sat on a bench for the whole trip.
> He ate the whole thing.
> I'm not going to do it all year.
>
> ALL OF A SUDDEN / BAM!
> I "up and" started crying.
> Next thing I knew ...
> All of sudden ...
>
> ALLEGIANCE
> He is on their side?
>
> ALMOST / CLOSE BUT NO CIGAR
> I nearly got run over.
> I caught my train, but barely.
> I can't (manage to) do it.
> The soup was only so-so.
> He got out of it pretty nicely.
> Not bad!
>
> AND / NOT TO MENTION
> Plus ...
> Come to think of it / As a matter of fact
> On the subject of / while we're on the subject
> As long as he is here ...
>
> APPEARANCE / IMPRESSION
> This looks like a dog, sounds like a cat, smells like a rat, tastes
> like chicken, and feels like silk.
> He is much better-looking.
> I feel like I'm dancing.
> It fits
> You're the same size as I am
> What's good about him?
> That's not like you.
> They suit each other.
> They look just alike.
> That feels good.
>
> APPROPRIATENESS
> It's against the rules.
>
> APPROXIMATION
> He likes animals and things like that / stuff / and shit
> at around six o'clock
> He's kind of a philosopher.
> It was overrated to an extent.
> He's been had, so to speak.
> I'm open-minded in a way.
>
> ASPECT (as important as tense in any language)
> I finally did it.
> I just did it.
> I'm about to do it.
> He used to drink a lot.
> He tends to do things like that.
>
> BECOMING
> It makes you hungry.
> She got fat.
> It makes you prettier.
> The view got prettier again.
>
> BODILY ISSUES
> frown
> sneeze
> shiver
> burp
> smile
> yawn
> fart
> cough
> hiccup
> stick your tongue out
> pee
> shit
> It itches.
> It tickles.
> Scratch an itch.
>
> CAUTION
> Careful!
> Watch out where you put that.
> You have to watch out for him.
> Keep away from the fence!
> Make sure everything is safe.
>
> COUNTEREXPECTATION
> He doesn't even know what a dog is.
> Smart as he is, he has no money.
> We'll meet you there anyway.
> I couldn't even walk, much less talk.
> Surprise!
> I smoke in secret.
> So NOW he understands French, huh?
>
> DEALING WITH IT
> He's easy to get along with.
> I can handle that.
> No problem.
> I managed to find him.
> They took advantage of the opportunity.
> That would come in handy.
> I'll make you a deal: ____
>
> DESCRIBING DIRECTION / FORMATION
> We were in a circle.
> Your lashes curl upward; mine are straight.
> The line was diagonal / vertical / horizontal
>
> DO WE REALLY HAVE TO DO THIS?
> Maybe I can get out of it.
> Let's get it over with.
> I don't feel like it.
> Just put up with it.
> I put it off until tomorrow.
> How can I get rid of this?
>
> DURATION / EXTENT
> I worked ten hours at a stretch.
> How far is it from Paris to Nice?
> In the long run, you don't need it.
> Over the course of months he found himself alone.
> Her visits became less and less frequent.
> I was an accountant for a while.
>
> EFFORT
> I took the trouble to help you.
> I made sure to find it.
> I guess I overdid it.
>
> EVALUATION OF ACTION
> It's a good thing you came back.
> It's good for his image.
> It's too bad he came back.
> That's tough luck / too bad / awww...
> It serves you right.
> I'm ashamed I never did it.
> I've got the wrong house.
> I've got the right house.
> I went the wrong way.
> Who can blame him?
> You're supposed to be afraid.
>
> EVALUATION OF STATEMENT / WHAT DO YOU THINK?
> Not necessarily.
> Exactly!
> Maybe he's already there.
> I thought so.
> Even so, he's a liar.
> What do you think?
> It was great.
>
> EXACTLY
> A car passed just then.
> You're just who we were waiting for.
> I had just enough to buy it.
> What exactly were you looking for?
> It was the same man.
> We've had exactly the same education.
> You've come just at the right time.
>
> EXTENT OTHER THAN "VERY"
> You hate me that much?
> She saw how fat he had become.
> We argued over something so unimportant!
> It could cost as much as 500 francs.
> He was all wet.
> There was blood all over the table.
> She sank in up to her ankles.
>
> FAILURE
> I missed the train.
> I failed the test.
>
> FEIGNING
> To make up for being late.
> To make up for being short.
> He's pretending to sleep.
> He acted like the boss.
> He took the credit for the new profits.
> To make a face
> Don't look sad.
> He played a trick on me.
> He thinks he's a horse.
> In theory, it's against the rules.
> Supposedly she got there the night before.
> I wish I could pass it off as my figure.
>
> FIRST AND LAST
> I want to do it first.
> I did it on the first try.
> At first he had a good chance of winning.
> I want to be last.
> I'm next.
> No dog does that first thing in the morning.
> First of all, let's try this.
>
> FITTING INTO
> I've got to get out of this situation.
> How did I get into this?
> That doesn't really fit.
>
> HABIT
> I'm not in the habit of repeating myself.
> Usually it gets dark earlier.
> Most cats don't bark.
>
> HANDLING IT
> I'll take care of it.
> How will you go about it?
>
> HIGHLIGHTING WHAT'S IMPORTANT
> That's the main thing.
> That's why he ...
> Who cares whether .... ?
> That's a whole nother issue.
> First of all, he likes his job so much.
> When you get right down to it...
> Let's see here -- I'll make you a deal.
> It came down to that.
> It means a lot to me.
> You mean he did it?
> He really did it?
>
> HIGH PRAISE / CONDEMNATION
> You've never seen anything like it.
> Nothing beats / there's nothing like music.
> You should have seen the stripes!
> It just sucked.
> It was great.
>
> ILLNESS
> Gargle and then lie down.
> I have a cold.
> I have a scratchy throat.
> My stomach hurts.
> I'm dizzy.
>
> INDEFINITE
> They sent him somewhere.
> I can't take you along even if you find any.
>
> INTENSITY
> She is much prettier than her mother.
> I felt no guilt of any kind about myself.
>
> JUST / RIGHT
> They hear you all the way out in the street.
> She walked all the way around the park.
> He did it right in the middle of the meeting.
> You fell right into it.
> I'm right here.
>
> KEEPING YOUR EYE ON IT
> Watch for ticks.
> There's one!
> Keep your eye on it.
>
> KID STUFF
> Tie your shoes.
> Behave yourself.
> Don't pick your nose.
> Blow.
>
> KNOWING
> It came to my mind that they hold hands.
> I figured out that
> I found out that
> I realized that
> I know about that.
>
> MANIPULATING OBJECTS
> Take it.
> They took the cigarettes.
> Take it off of / out of / put it onto / put it into
> pick that up / put that down
> Go get it.
> Let that go.
> Bring down the glasses from up there.
> Put the glasses down there.
> put on clothes
> take off clothes
> Pull me out of here.
> I want to keep it.
> Want to hold her?
>
> MENTAL ISSUES
> I had a bad dream.
> He tends to make things up.
>
> MERIT
> That will serve him right.
> It's up to you.
>
> MINIMIZING
> It's no big deal / Never mind.
> Don't worry about the money.
> Good enough.
> So what?
> I don't care / give a damn
> That has nothing to do with it.
> That was just a guess.
>
> MORE / MUCH AND COMPARISON
> I happened to do it on a larger scale.
> I want more (of them).
> I don't like him either.
> What else do you want me to do?
> I couldn't see much.
> He used to drink a lot.
> He is as tall as me.
> They are twice as tall as me.
>
> MOVEMENT
> Never go backwards.
> Always move forward.
> He came in the opposite direction / the other way.
> Get out of my way.
> I went through a red light.
> He'll get through the bars.
> He jumped over the counter.
> Come on, climb up.
> Now, can you climb down?
> It came from under the table.
> It crashed into a tree.
> He's headed for the hospital.
> Go after it!
> I'm glad he bounced onto the toilet seat.
> Can I drop you off?
> I'm stuck.
> Time to get up!
> She went around the table.
> Go away.
> Get out of here.
> She sank into the mud.
> Can she ride a bike?
> Can she drive a car?
>
> NUMBER AND LETTER ISSUES
> Odd or even?
> Heads or tails?
> Add up these numbers.
> Subtract two from five.
> Multiply five by six.
> Divide six by two.
> All the signs began with M.
> Capital / lower-case
>
> OBSTACLES
> It was dark and she couldn't see.
>
> ONLY
> Only thinking about it feels so good.
> I'm the only one here.
> Just try it on.
> Now all we have to do is wait.
> I want my own chair.
> I want to do it by myself.
>
> PERFORMANCE
> You're making progress.
> You're getting there.
> How far have you gotten?
> I got there at last.
> I'm good at this.
> I'm still in training.
> I got the hang of breaking into houses.
> You're not much of a doctor.
> He got nowhere...
> He is behind in his payments.
>
> PETS
> The dog sniffed me wagging his tail.
> I patted the dog.
> The dog barked.
> I walked the dog.
> A dog is loose.
> You have to keep him tied up.
> Sit! Lay down!
> He bites.
> Bad dog!
> He tamed a skunk.
>
> PHYSICAL DISCOMFORT BEYOND "MY HEAD HURTS"
> Don't push me.
> Don't touch me.
> Stop pinching me.
> I'm stuck.
> It's pressing down upon me.
> I'm tense.
>
> POSITIONS / THINGS YOU REALLY DO WITH YOUR BODY
> I curled up.
> He learned to crawl at six months.
> He got down on all fours.
> Tap your foot.
> I pointed at the zippers I had saved.
> kneel
> They hold hands.
> Sit still.
> Bend over.
> He stood up and stretched.
> Lay your hands flat in your lap.
> I'm standing on my head!
> Tiptoe over to her.
>
> POSSIBILITY
> He had a chance to win.
> I wish there were a bucket in there.
>
> PRAGMATIC SOFTENERS
> Don't get me wrong / I'm just saying.
> Let's take a look.
> I'll bring it back in a bit.
> Could you give me a hand?
> Not to be moralistic, but ...
> Don't go to any trouble.
>
> PREFERENCE
> I'd rather stay.
> We might as well go.
>
> PROHIBITION
> No cats!
> Add, or you'll be late for school.
> Hurry or else I'll do it.
> You're going to get yourself into trouble.
>
> REALNESS / EXTREMES
> I actually did fall off. / No, really.
> Half done for real!
> It got the point where it led to a search.
> I took it literally.
> Why don't you just ask her straight out?
> There!
>
> RELATIONSHIPS
> We lost touch.
> We got closer.
> We had an argument.
> They dated for a while.
>
> RELIEF
> At least she didn't put it in her hair.
> I'm glad she didn't.
> Thank God she didn't.
> It's a good thing she didn't.
>
> REPETITION / RESTORATION
> He's not back yet.
> Put it back.
> Put your things away.
> He keeps doing it.
> I can't afford to do it three days in a row.
> You've paid me back.
> Bring back my hangers!
>
> THE REST / JUST PART
> We got something else.
> She never saw him again.
> I saw the rest of the film.
> I wanted to see more of the film.
> Cover your ears for the rest of the day
> It's part of our lives.
> The man was part dog.
>
> SCARCITY / EXHAUSTION
> All gone.
> I'm out of quarters.
> He used up his small change.
> They ran out of stamps.
> We'll have to do without it.
> I can't afford to do it three days in a row.
>
> SEARCHING / SETTLING UP
> What about him?
> How about lamb?
> What happened to my cigarettes?
> Why don't you try calling him?
>
> SIZE
> My brother is a meter tall.
> I'm your size.
>
> SKEPTICISM
> That'll be the day
> I doubt it
> I can't see him -ing
> There's no way it ____
>
> SUBSTITUTION
> How about lamb instead?
>
> SURMISE
> I'll bet you two dollars he's good at math.
> I wonder what it's like.
> I have a feeling she's offended.
> Suppose he keeps on at that rate.
> That must have been awful.
> I guess that's the end.
>
> THINGS GETTING UGLY
> I made fun of him.
> Don't use that tone with me.
> I had a bad dream and it's your fault.
> Don't you dare try that.
> He called me a pig.
> You're jumping to conclusions.
> He made a big fuss about leaving.
> Don't take it out on me.
>
> TRANSFORMATION
> She turns him into a beast.
> You always exaggerate.
> He's trying to play it down.
> Let's paint the wall red.
> He'll grow out of it.
> He set it on fire and burned it down.
> What's the soup made of?
>
> VAGUE IMPRESSIONS
> You can tell.
> It shows.
> There's something strange about him.
> (Mm ...), you'll see.
>
> WAYS / FASHIONS/ PERSPECTIVES
> The way he behaved was embarrassing.
> Take a look from this angle.
>
> WHEN? FOR HOW LONG?
> Finish it by Friday.
> He showed up on time.
> He was late.
> I worked out a few hours early.
> Okay, time me.
> I read for two hours.
> In an hour he'll be here.
> A week from Tuesday he'll be here.
> I want them for as long as I can have them.
>
> WHERE IS IT REALLY?
> Let's race to the top of the tree!
> It's down on the bottom.
> It's in the back of the room.
> It's in the front of the room.
> It's on the edge.
> It's somewhere out there.
> It's right in here.
> There's a check inside.
> There's a name on it.
> In the house next door.
> In the next room.
>
> WHOOPSY! / SURPRISE / THE UNEXPECTED
> I spilled it.
> I knocked it over.
> I tripped over a brick.
> Oopsy-daisy!
> He walks with a limp.
> He turned it inside-out.
> They were upside-down.
> It's the other way around.
> What are you doing washing that?
>
> YOU'RE WRONG IF YOU THINK ...
> Don't think you can just tell her.
> You won't get away with this.
> Actually it's different.
> You'd better tell her.
> He may have a lot of clothes, but he's still a jerk.
> It's raining, you know. / After all, it's raining.
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