-Caveat Lector-
an excerpt from:
America's Secret Establishment
An introduction to The Order of Skull & Bones
by ANTONY C. SUTTON
Liberty House Press
2027 Iris
Billings, Montana 59102
1986
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Highly recommended. There is more in this book than can be presented here.
Many charts and reproductions of original source material. As always, Caveat
Lector.
In stock at: A-albionic Research, PO Box 20273, Ferndale, MI 48220-0273
[EMAIL PROTECTED] (Lloyd Miller, Research Director)
Om
K
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Memorandum Number Three: Thesis -
The Order Creates The Soviet Union
In an earlier book, published in 1974, we presented major evidence of
Wall Street assistance for the Bolshevik Revolution. This assistance was
mainly cash, guns and ammunition, and diplomatic support in London
and Washington, D.C. Wall Street And The Bolshevik Revolution also
introduced the concept which Quigley described, i.e., that Morgan and
other financial interests financed and influenced all parties from left to
right in the political spectrum.
This Memorandum continues the story, but now links The Order to the
earlier evidence of Wall Street involvement.
On the following pages we reproduce a map of the Wall Street area and a list
of firms connected with the Bolshevik Revolution and financing
of Hitler located in this area. We can now identify the influence, in fact
the dominant influence, of The Order in these firms.
Revolutionary activity was centered at Equitable Trust Building, 120
Broadway, in the building in the photograph on page 139. This had
been E.H. Harriman's address. The American International Corpora-
tion was located at 120 Broadway. The Bankers' Club, where Wall
Street bankers met for lunch, was at the very top of the building. It was
in this plush club that plans were laid by William Boyce Thompson for
Wall Street participation in the 1917 Russian Revolution. Guaranty
Securities was in 120 Broadway, while Guaranty Trust was next door at
140 Broadway (the building can be seen to the left of 120).
I. THE ORDER PUSHES FOR ASSISTANCE TO THE SOVIET ARMY
Fortunately we have a copy of the memorandum written by a member
of The Order, summarizing intentions for the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution.
The memorandum was written by Thomas D. Thacher (The Order '04)
a partner in the Wall Street law firm of Simpson, Thacher & Bartlett.
Thacher's address was 120 Broadway. Today this law firm, now in Bat-
tery Plaza, has the largest billing on Wall Street and has former Secretary of
State Cyrus Vance (Scroll & Key) as a partner.
In 1917 Thacher was in Russia with William Boyce Thompson's Red
Cross Mission. After consultations in New York, Thacher was then sent to
London to confer with Lord Northcliffe about the Bolshevik Revolution
and then to Paris for similar talks with the French Government.
The Thacher memorandum not only urges recognition of the barely
surviving Soviet Government, which in early 1918 controlled only a very
small portion of Russia, but also military, assistance for the Soviet Army
and intervention to keep the Japanese out of Siberia until the Bolsheviks
could take over.
New York Headquarters For Revolution:
120 Broadway.
[picture of building]
FIRMS WITH LINKS TO THE ORDER AT, OR NEAR, 120 BROADWAY IN 1917
120 Broadway Edward H. Harriman (before his death)
59 Broadway W.A. Harriman Company
120 Broadway American International Corporation
23 Wall J.P. Morgan firm
120 Broadway Federal Reserve Bank of New York
120 Broadway Bankers Club (top floor)
120 Broadway Thomas D. Thacher (of Simpson, Thacher &
Bartlett)
14 Wall William Boyce Thompson
120 Broadway Guggenheim Exploration
15 Broad Stetson, Jennings & Russell
120 Broadway C.A.K. Martens-of Weinberg & Posner (the first
Soviet "ambassador")
110 W.40th St. Soviet Bureau
60 Broadway Amos Pinchot's office
120 Broadway Stone & Webster
120 Broadway General Electric
120 Broadway Sinclair Gulf Corp.
120 Broadway Guaranty Securities
140 Broadway Guaranty Trust Company
233 Broadway Anglo-Russian Chamber of Commerce
INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS OF THE ORDER AT 120 Broadway:
George Webster Adams (The Order '04)
Allen Wallace Ames (The Order '18)
Philip Lyndon Dodge (The Order '07)
Here are the main sections from the Thacher memorandum:
"First of all . . . the Allies should discourage Japanese intervention
in Siberia. In the second place, the fullest assistance should be
given to the Soviet government in its efforts to organize a
volunteer revolutionary army. Thirdly, the Allied Governments
should give their moral support to the Russian people in their ef-
forts to work out their own political systems free from the domina-
tion of any foreign power . . . Fourthly, until the time when open
conflict shall result between the German Government and the
Soviet Government of Russia there will be opportunity for
peaceful commercial penetration by German agencies in Russia.
So long as there is no open break, it will probably be impossible to
entirely prevent such commerce. Steps should therefore be taken
to impede, so far as-possible, the transport of grain and
materials to Germany from Russia."[1][1] The full document is in U.S. State
Department Decimal File Microcopy 316, Roll 13, Frame 698.
The reader should note in particular paragraph two: "In the second
place, the fullest assistance should be given to the Soviet Government
in its efforts to organize a volunteer revolutionary army." This assistance
has been recorded in my National Suicide: Military Aid To The Soviet Union.
It was in fact the hidden policy adopted at the highest levels, in ab-
solute secrecy, by the United States and to some extent by The Group
(especially Milner) in Great Britain. Thacher apparently did not have
too much success with the French Government.
When President Woodrow Wilson sent U.S. troops to hold the Trans-
Siberian railroad, secret instructions were given by Woodrow Wilson in
person to General William S. Graves. We have not yet located these
instructions (although we know they exist), but a close reading of the
available files shows that American intervention had little to do with
anti-Bolshevik activity, as the Soviets, George Kennan and other writers
maintain.
So grateful were the Soviets for American assistance in the Revolu-
tion that in 1920 - when the last American troops left Vladivostok -
the Bolsheviks gave them a friendly farewell.
Reported the New York Times (February 15, 1920 7:4):
[N. Y. Times article - Vladivostok Pro-American]
Note in particular the sentence:
". . . calling the Americans real friends, who at a critical time saves.
this present movement."
Normally reports inconsistent with the Establishment line are choked,
either by the wire services or by the rewrite desks at larger newspapers
(small papers unfortunately follow New York Times). This is one report
that got through intact.
In fact, the United States took over and held the Siberian Railroad
until the Soviets gained sufficient power to take it over. Both British and
French military missions in Siberia recorded the extraordinary actions of
the United States Army, but neither mission made much headway with
its own government.
So far as aiding the Soviet Army is concerned, there are State
Department records that show guns and ammunition were shipped to
the Bolsheviks. And in 1919, while Trotsky was making anti-American
speeches in public, he was also asking Ambassador Francis for
American military inspection teams to train the new Soviet Army.[1][1] See
Antony C. Sutton. National Suicide (Arlington House. New York. 1974) and Wall
Street And the Bolshevik Revolution (Arlington House, New York, 1974)
II. THE ORDER PUSHES FOR THE SOVIETS IN THE UNITED
STATES
However, it was in Washington and London that The Order really
aided the Soviets. The Order succeeded not only in preventing military
actions against the Bolsheviks, but to so-muddy the policy waters that
much needed vital raw materials and goods, ultimately even loans,
were able to flow from the United States to the Soviets, in spite of a legal
ban.
The following documents illustrate how members of The Order were
able to encourage Soviet ambitions in the United States. While the
Department of Justice was deporting so-called "Reds" to Russia, a
much more potent force was at work WITHIN the U.S. Government to
keep the fledgling Soviet Union intact.
Publisher's Note: To assist readers with the very poor reproductions of the
following two letters we print our reading from the copies that we have.
211
Hon. William Kant, May 29, 1919
U.S. Tariff Commission,
Washington, D.C.
Dear Billy:
This will introduce to you my friend, Professor Evans Clark, now associated
with the Bureau of Information of the Russian Soviet Republic. He wants to
talk with you about the recognition of Wolchak, the raising of the blockade,
etc. and get your advice in regard to backing up the senators who would be apt
to stand up and make a brave fight. Won't you do what you can for him.
As I see it, we are taking a (unreadable) Russia that will leave our, until
now, mightily good reputation, badly damaged.
Hope to see you in Washington soon. Faithfully yours
A.P.
1543
Mr. Santeri Nourteva, November 22, 1918
Finnish Information Bureau,
299 Broadway, City
Dear Mr. Nourteva:
Let me thank you for your very kind letter of November lst; I apologize for
not answering sooner.
I have read your bulletin on the barrage of lies, and I am, needless to say,
heartily sympathetic with your view of the situation and with the work you are
doing. One of the most sinister things at present is the fact that governments
are going into the advertising business. They are organized so that they can
make or wreck movements. I am sending you, under separate cover, a copy of a
letter I have written, which I hope will interest you.
With kindest regards, I am
Sincerely yours,
Amos Pinchot
<Exhibits 211 and 212 From The Lusk Committee Files, New York>
U.S. State Department Decimal File, 851.516/1 Stockholm Legation :October 13,
1922
The above letter is from Amos Pinchot (The Order '97). His brother,
conservationist Gifford Pinchot (The Order '89) was also a member.
Amos Pinchot was a founder of the American Civil Liberties Union and
active in aiding the Soviets during the early days of the Bolshevik
Revolution. The above letter, exemplifying this assistance, was sent to
Santeri Nourteva, November 22, 1918, just a year after the 1917
Revolution. Pinchot was "heartily sympathetic with your view of the
situation and the work you are doing."[1][1] Exhibit Number 1543 from the Lusk
Committee files. New York.
Who was Nourteva? This name was an alias for Alexander Nyberg, a
Soviet representative in the United States. Nyberg worked for the
Soviet Bureau (at first called the Finnish Information Bureau - a cover
name), along with Ludwig C.A.K. Martens, the first Soviet Ambassador
and formerly a Vice President of Weinberg & Posner. The New York of-
fice of Weinberg & Posner was at - 120 Broadway! Nyberg's assistant
was Kenneth Durant, an American newspaper man, later TASS cor-
respondent in the U.S. and one time aide to "Colonel" Edward House,
mystery man of the Wilson Administration. Director of the Commercial
Department in this Soviet Bureau was "Comrade Evans Clark." Clark
later became Executive Director of the influential Twentieth Century
Foundation, and at Twentieth Century Foundation we find a member
of The Order - in this case Charles Phelps Taft (The Order '18),
nephew of President and Chief Justice William Howard Taft. In the
coming volume on FOUNDATIONS, we shall see how Evans Clark and
The Order, working together at Twentieth Century Foundation, had a
significant role in the Hegelization of American education.
The document on page 147 is a brief biography of "Comrade Evans
Clark", issued by the Soviet Bureau in 1919 on his appointment as
Assistant, Director of the Commercial Department of the Bureau, with
the task of establishing trade relations with the U.S. Note the Harvard
and Princeton associations.
Trade was vital for the survival of the Soviet Union. In 1919 all
Russian factories and transportation were at a standstill. There were no
raw materials and no skills available.
For assistance Evans Clark turned to The Order. On May 29, 1919,
Amos Pinchot wrote fellow Skull & Bones member and strong
Republican William Kent about raising the blockade against the Soviets.
William Kent (The Order '87) was on the U.S. Tariff Commission and in
turn wrote Senator Lenroot to request an interview for "Professor"
Evans Clark. (Albert Kent, his father, was a member [The Order '53]
and he married the daughter of Thomas Thacher [The Order '35]).
In brief, two members of The Order, Pinchot and Kent, cooperated to push a
known Bolshevik operator onto an unsuspecting Senator.
Neither member of The Order advised Senator Lenroot about Clark's
affiliation with the Soviet Bureau.
[Exhibit Number 1500 From the Lusk Committee
Files, New York.]
How The Order Controlled The Early
Development Of The Soviet Union
The
Order
BROWN BROTHERS, HARRIMAN
(Pre-1933 W. A. Harriman and Company)
W. AVERELL HARRIMAN ('13)
E. ROLAND HARRIMAN ('17)
ELLERY S. JAMES ('17)
RAY MORRIS ('01)
PRESCOTT SHELDON BUSH ('17)
KNIGHT WOOLLEY ('17)
MORTIMER SEABURY ('09)
ROBERT A. LOVETT ('18)
POST WORLD WAR TWO PARTNERS:
Eugene Wm Stetson. Jr. ('34)
Walter H. Brown('45)
Stephan Y. Hord ('21)
John Beckwith Madden ('41)
Grange K. Costikyan ('29)
PARTNER NOT IN THE ORDER
Matthew C. Brush (32' Mason)
AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL CORP. INTERNATIONAL BARNSDALL CORP.
Chairman: Matthew C. Brush Chairman: Matthew C. Brush
GEORGIAN MANGANESE COMPANY
(Director: Matthew C. Brush
III. HOW THE ORDER DEVELOPED THE STAGNANT SOVIET UNION
Between 1917 and 1921 the Soviets pushed their control of Russia
into Siberia and the Caucuses. As we have noted, the United States in-
tervened in Siberia along the Trans-Siberian Railroad. Histories of U.S.
intervention by George Kennan and the Soviets maintain this was an
anti-Soviet intervention. In fact, it was nothing of the kind. The U.S.
spread troops along the Siberian railroad only to keep out the
Japanese, not to keep out the Soviets. When they left through
Vladivostok, the Soviet authorities gave American forces a resounding
send-off. But this is yet another untold story, not in the textbooks.
The immediate problem facing the Soviets was to restore silent Rus-
sian factories. This needed raw materials, technical skills and working
capital. The key to Russian reconstruction was the oil fields of the
Caucasus. The Caucasus oil fields are a major segment of Russian
natural resource wealth. Baku, the most important field, was developed
in the 1870s. In 1900 it was producing more crude oil than the
United States, and in 1902. more than half of the total world crude
output. The Caucasus oil fields survived Revolution and Intervention
without major structural damage and became a significant factor in
Soviet economic recovery, generating about 20 percent of all exports by
value; the largest single source of foreign exchange.
The Bolsheviks took over the Caucasus in 1920-1, but until 1923 oil
field drilling almost ceased. During the first year of Soviet rule ". . . not
one single new well has started giving oil"[1][1. U. S. State Dept. Decimal
File. 316-137-221.] and even two years after Soviet occupation, no new oil-
field properties had been developed. In addition, deepening of old wells
virtually ceased. As a result, water percollated into the wells, and the flow
of crude oil became a mixture of oil and water. Drilling records are an
excellent indicator of the state of oilfield maintenance, development, and
production. The complete collapse after the Soviet takeover is clearly
suggested by the statistics. In 1900, Russia had been the world's largest
producer and exporter of crude oil; almost 50,000 feet of drilling per month
had been required in Baku alone to maintain this production. By early 1921,
the average monthly drilling in Baku had declined to an insignificant 370 feet
or so(0.7 percent of the 1900 rate), although 162 rigs were in working order.
Then, Serebrovsky, Chairman of Azneft (the Soviet oil production
trust) , put forward a program for recovery in a Pravda article. The plan
for 1923 was to increase oil well drilling to 35,000 sazhens per year
(245,000 feet). This would require 35 rotary drills (to drill 77,000 feet)
and 157 percussion drills (to drill 130,000 feet). Serebrovsky pointed
out that Azneft had no rotary drills, and that Russian enterprise could not
supply them. Rotary drilling, however, was essential for the success
of the plan.
He then announced:
"But just here American capital is Going to support us. The
American firm International Barnsdall Corporation has submitted
a plan . . . lack of equipment prevents us from increasing the pro-
duction of the oil industry of Baku by ourselves. The American
firm . . . will provide the equipment, start drilling in the oil fields
and organize the technical production of oil with deep pumps."[1][1]
Pravda, September 21. 1922.
During the next few years International Barnsdall, together with the
Lucey Manufacturing Company and other major foreign oil well equip-
ment firms, fulfilled Serebrovsky's program. Massive imports of equip-
ment came from the United States. International Barnsdall inaugurated
the rotary drilling program, initiated Azneft drilling crews into its opera-
tional problems, and reorganized oil well pumping with deep well elec-
trical pumps.
The first International Barnsdall concession was signed in October
1921, and was followed in September of 1922 by two further
agreements. There is no doubt that Barnsdall did work under the
agreements. Pravda reported groups of American oil field workers on
their way to the oil fields, and a couple of months previously the United
States, Constantinople Consulate, had reported that Philip Chadbourn,
the Barnsdall Caucasus representative, had passed through on his way
out of Russia. The U.S. State Department Archives Contain an in-
triguing quotation from Rykov, dated October 1922:
"The one comparatively bright spot in Russia is the petroleum in-
dustry, and this is due largely to the fact that a number of
American workers have been brought into the oil fields to superin-
tend their operation."[2][2]U.S. State Department Decimal File. Microcopy
316. Roll 107. Frame 1167.
Who, or what, was International Barnsdall Corporation?
The Chairman of International Barnsdall Corporation was
Matthew C. Brush whom we previously identified as The
Order's "front man."
Guaranty Trust, Lee, Higginson Company and W.A. Harriman
owned Barnsdall Corporation, and International Barnsdall Corporation
was owned 75% by the Barnsdall Corporation and 25% by H. Mason
Day. The Guaranty Trust interest was represented by Eugene W. Stet-
son (also a Vice President of Guaranty Trust), whose son, Eugene W.
Stetson Jr., was initiated into The Order in 1934. The Lee Higginson
interest was represented by Frederick Winthrop Allen (The Order'00)
In brief, The Order controlled International Barnsdall Cor-
poration.
The second potentially largest source of Soviet foreign exchange in
the 1920s was the large Russian manganese deposits. In 1913, tsarist
Russia supplied 52 percent of world manganese, of which about 76 per-
cent, or one million tons, was mined from the Chiaturi deposits in the
Caucasus. Production in 1920 was zero, and by 1924 had risen only to
about 320,000 tons per year. The basic problem was:
'
"that further development- was seriously retarded by the primitive
equipment, which was considered grossly inadequate even ac-
cording to prewar standards."
The Chiaturi deposits, situated on high plateaus some distance from
Batum, were mined in a primitive manner, and the ore was brought on
donkeys from the plateaus to the railroads. There was a change of
gauge en route, and the manganese had to be transshipped between
the original loading point and the port. When at the port, the ore was
transferred by bucket: a slow, expensive process.
The Soviets acquired modern mining and transportation facilities for
their manganese deposits, acquired foreign exchange, and finally
shattered American foreign policy concerning loans to the U.S.S.R., in
a series of business agreements with W.A. Harriman Company and
Guaranty Trust.[1][1][The interested reader is referred to over 300 pages of
documents in the U.S. State Dept. Decimal File 316-138-12/331, and the German
Foreign Ministry Archives. Walter Durant described the Harriman contract as
"utterly inept" and von Dirksen of the German Foreign Office as "a rubber
contract".
The full contract was published (Vysshii sovet nardnogo khoziaistva,
Concession Agreement Between The Government Of The U.S.S.R and W.A. Harriman
Co. Inc. Of New York (Moscow, 1925)]
On July 12, 1925, a concession agreement was made between the
W.A. Harriman Company at New York and the U.S.S.R. for exploita-
tion of the Chiaturi manganese deposits and extensive introduction of
modern mining and transportation methods.
Under the Harriman concession agreement, $4 million was spent on
mechanizing the mines and converting them from hand to mechanical
operation. A washer and reduction plant were built; and a loading
elevator at Poti, with a two-million ton capacity and a railroad system
were constructed, together with an aerial tramway for the transfer of
manganese ore. The expenditure was approximately $2 million for the
railroad system and $1 million for mechanization of the mines.
The Chairman of the Georgian Manganese Company, the Harriman
operating company on the site in Russia, was none other than The
Order's "front man Matthew C. Brush.
[State Department Letter To U.S. Embassy In London (861.637/ 1)]
IV. THE ORDER TOO POWERFUL FOR STATE DEPARTMENT
TO INVESTIGATE
While The Order carried out its plans to develop Russia, the State
Department could do nothing. Its bureaucrats sat in Washington D.C.
like a bunch of mesmerized jackrabbits.
Firstly, in the 1920s loans to the Soviet Union were strictly against
U.S. law. While American citizens could enter Russia at their own risk,
there were no diplomatic relations and no Government support or sanc-
tion for commercial activity. Public and government sentiment in the
United States was overwhelmingly against the Soviets - not least for
the widespread atrocities committed in the name of the Revolution.
Secondly, the Harriman-Guaranty syndicate, which reflected The
Order, did not inform the State Department of its plans. As the at-
tached letter (page 152) from Washington to the London Embassy
describes, the first information of the Harriman manganese deposit
came from the American Embassy in London, which picked it up from
London newspaper reports.
In other words, Averell Harriman sneaked an illegal project past the
U.S. Government. If this is not irresponsible behavior, then nothing is.
And this was the man who was later to become the U.S. Ambassador
Russia.
The State Department letter to London is quite specific on this point:
"The memorandum transmitted by you embodies the first information
received by the Department concerning the concession other than that
which has appeared in the public press."
A month or so later came a letter from Department of Commerce
asking for confirmation and more information. Apparently, Harriman
didn't bother to inform Commerce either.
[Commerce Department To State Asking For Confirmation Of Harriman Manganese
Concession:(86l.637/5)]
Now we reach the truly extraordinary point. The U.S. Government
was not informed-by W.A. Harriman or Guaranty Trust that they in-
tended to invest $4 million developing Soviet manganese deposits. Yet
this was clearly illegal and a move with obvious strategic consequences
for the U.S. Neither was the U.S. Government able to pick up this infor-
mation elsewhere; in those days there was no CIA. Economic in-
telligence was handled by the State Department. It is also obvious that
Government officials were interested in acquiring information, as they
should have been.
The truly extraordinary point is THAT THE: U.S. GOVERNMENT
WAS NOT ABLE TO PURSUE AN INVESTIGATION.
We reproduce on page 155 a memorandum from Evan E. Young in
Division of Eastern European Affairs to Assistant Secretary of State
Carr. Note this is a memorandum at the upper levels of the State
Department. Young specifically writes:
". . . there are certain and very
definite reasons why I consider it very unwise for the department to in-
itiate any investigation with respect to the reported manganese con-
cession."
And Assistant Secretary of State Carr scribbles on the bottom, "I
defer to your judgment upon this" (presumably after the suggested oral
communication).
The distinct impression is that some behind-the-scenes power was not
to be challenged.
[U.S. State Department Decimal File 861.561/140
Stockholm Legation October 13,1922]
[S.R. Bertron(The Order'85) Chairman Of American-Russian Chamber Of
Commerce]
V. THE ORDER MAKES ITS OWN LAW
The Order kept a hold on every non-government strategic position
related to the Soviet Union. Nothing appears to have escaped their at-
tention. For example, the Anglo-Russian Chamber of Commerce was
created in 1920 to promote trade with Russia - desperately needed by
the Soviets to restore idle Tsarist industry. The Chairman of its Ex-
ecutive Committee, the key post in the Chamber, was held by Samuel
R. Bertron (The Order '85), a Vice President of Guaranty Trust and
formerly a member of the 1917 Root Mission to Russia. Elihu Root,
Chairman of the Mission, was, of course, the personal attorney to
William Collins Whitney (The Order '63), one of the key members of
The Order. The letter from Bertron's Anglo-Russian Chamber of Com-
merce to State Department, printed on page 158 is noteworthy because
it asks the question: "What date trading in Russian credits was pro-
hibited in the United States by Federal authorities?"
This means that The Order was well aware in 1921 that "credits" to
the U.S.S.R. were illegal and indeed were not made legal until Presi-
dent Roosevelt took office in 1933. However, illegal or not, within 18
months of this Bertron letter, Guaranty Trust established more than
trading in Russian credits. Guaranty Trust made a joint banking agree-
ment with the Soviets and installed a Guaranty Trust Vice President,
Max May, as director in charge of the foreign division of this Soviet
bank, the RUSKOMBANK (See document on page 157).
In brief, while the U.S. public was being assured by the U.S. Govern-
ment that the Soviets were dastardly murderers, white "Reds" were be-
ing deported back to Russia by the Department of Justice, while every
politician (almost without exception) was assuring the American public
that the United States would have no relations with the Soviets - while
this barrage of lies was aimed at a gullible public, behind the scenes the
Guaranty Trust Company was actually running a division of a Soviet
bank! And American troops were being cheered by Soviet revolu-
tionaries for helping protect the Revolution.
That, dear readers, is why governments need censorship. That's why
even 50 years after some events, it is almost impossible for independent
researchers (not the bootlickers) to get key documents declassified.
[1927: Simpson Thacher & Bartlett Gets Around Non Recognition]
VI. THE ORDER'S LAW FIRMS
New York establishment law firms, several founded by members of
The Order, have close links to banks and specifically those operational
vehicles for revolution already cited.
Take the example of Simpson, Thacher & Bartlett which in the 1920s
was located at 120 Broadway, New York. The firm was founded by
Thomas Thacher (The Order '71) in 1884. His son Thomas Day
Thacher (The Order '04) worked for the family law firm after leaving
Yale and initiation into The Order. The younger Thomas Thacher went
to work for Henry L. Stimson (The Order '88), a very active member of
The Order discussed in Volume One of this series. About this time
Thacher, who wrote The Order's statement on the Bolshevik Revolu-
tion (page 138), became friendly with both Felix Frankfurter and Ray-
mond Robins. According to extensive documentation in the Lusk Com-
mittee files, both Frankfurter and Robins were of considerable assistance
to the Soviets.
Another link between the 1917 Revolution and Simpson, Thacher &
Bartlett is through the daughter of Thomas Anthony Thacher (The
Order '35) who married William Kent (The Order '87) who we have
linked to member Amos Pinchot in the case of intervention on behalf of
the Soviets in Washington, D.C.
Furthermore, readers of Wall-Street and The Bolshevik Revolution
will recall that member Samuel Bartlett was on the Root Mission to
Russia in 1917. Moreover, Thomas Thacher (The Order '04) was a
member of the Red Cross Mission with Allan Wardwell, son of Thomas
Wardwell, Standard Oil Treasurer and a partner in another Wall Street
law firm, Stetson, Jennings & Russell (the links of this firm to The Order
will be described in a later volume). Eugene Stetson, Jr., for example, is
The Order ('34).
Simpson, Thacher & Bartlett represented the Soviet State Bank in
the U.S. and was the vehicle used by The Order to inform State Depart-
ment of activities that might otherwise be blocked by low level
bureaucrats following the government rulebook.
For example, in 1927 Simpson, Thacher & Bartlett informed the
U.S. Government that the Soviets were in the process of substantially
increasing deposits in the U.S. This increase was in preparation for the
enormous outlays to be channeled to a few favored U.S. firms to build
the Soviet First Five Year Plan.
The letter read closely is definite; it puts words in the mouth of the
State Department, i.e., this is what we are going to do and in spite of
the U.S. Government, there is no reason why we should not go ahead.
Note, for example, the last paragraph:". . . it seems to us there is no
reason why the Bank should not so increase its deposits notwithstand-
ing our Government has not recognized the U.S.S.R."
RUSSIA
During the past four years the Government of the United States has
maintained the position that it would be both futile and unwise to enter
into relations with the Soviet Government so long as the Bolshevik
leaders persist in aims and practices in the field of international relations
which preclude the possibility of establishing relations on the basis of ac-
cepted principles governing intercourse between nations. It is the con-
viction of the Government of the United States that relations on a basis
usual between friendly nations can not be established with a govern-
mental entity which is the agency of a group who hold it as their mission
to bring about the overthrow of the existing political, economic and
social order throughout the world and who regulate their conduct
towards other notions accordingly.
The experiences of various European Governments which have
recognized and entered into relations with the Soviet regime have
demonstrated conclusively the wisdom of the policy to which the
Government of the United States has consistently adhered. Recognition
of the Soviet regime has not brought about any cessation of interference
by the Bolshevik leaders in the internal affairs of any recognizing coun-
try, nor has it led to the acceptance by them of other fundamental
obligations of international intercourse. Certain European states have
endeavored, by entering into discussions with representatives of the
Soviet regime, to reach a settlement of outstanding differences on the
basis of accepted international practices. Such conferences and discus-
sions have been entirely fruitless. No state has been able to obtain the
payment of debts contracted by Russia under preceding governments or
the indemnification of its citizens for confiscated property. Indeed,
is every reason to believe that the granting of recognition and the
holding of discussions have served only to encourage the present rulers
of Russia in their policy of repudiation and confiscation, as well as in
their hope that it is possible to establish a working basis, accepted by
other nations, whereby they can continue their war on the existing
political and social order in other countries.
Current developments demonstrate the continued persistence at
Moscow of a dominating world revolutionary purpose and the practical
manifestation of this purpose in such ways as render impossible the
establishment of normal relations with the Soviet government. The
present rulers of Russia, while seeking to direct the evolution of Russia
along political, economic and social lines in such manner as to make it
an effective "base of the world revolution", continue to carry on
through the Communist International and other organizations with
headquarters at Moscow, within the borders of other nations, including
the United States, extensive and carefully planned operations for the purpose
of ultimately bringing about the overthrow, of the existing order
such nations.
A mass of data with respect to the activities carried on in the United
States by various Bolshevik organizations, under the direction and con-
trol Moscow, was presented by the Department of State to a subcom-
mitte of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations in January 1924.
VII. WHAT THE POLITICIANS TOLD AMERICAN CITIZENS. . .
All this Soviet-building activity recorded in the Lusk Committee and
State Department files was carefully concealed from the American
public. What the public was told can only be described as a pack of lies,
from beginning to end.
To demonstrate the degree of falsehood, we reprint here a page on
"Russia" from a document "Excerpt from a statement entitled 'Foreign
Relations' by the Honorable Frank B. Kellogg, Secretary of State,
published by the Republican National Committee, Bulletin No. 5,
128." (pps 162-3)
Among the falsehoods promoted by Secretary Kellogg is the follow-
ing." . . . the Government of the United States has maintained the posi-
tion that it would be both futile and unwise to enter into relations with
the Soviet Government."
In fact, at this very time the United States, with implicit government
approval, was involved in planning the First Five Year Plan in Russia.
The planning work was done actively by American firms.[1][1] This story has
been described in my Western Technology And Soviet Economic Development
117-1930 and 1930-1945. published by the Hoover Institution at Stanford
University
Construction of the Soviet dialectic arm continued throughout the
1930s up to World War II. In 1941 W.A. Harriman was appointed
Lend Lease Administrator to assure the flow of United States
technology and products to the Soviet Union. Examination of Lend
Lease records shows that U.S. law was violated. The law required
military goods only to be shipped. In fact, industrial equipment in ex-
traordinary amounts was also shipped and Treasury Department cur-
rency plates so that the Soviets could freely print U.S. dollars.
Since World War II the United States has kept the Soviets abreast of
modern technology. This story has been detailed elsewhere.
In brief, the creation of the Soviet Union stems from The Order. The
early survival of the Soviet Union stems from The Order. The develop-
ment of the Soviet Union stems from The Order.
But above all, this story has been concealed from the American public
by politicians . . . more of this later. Now let's turn to the financing of
the Nazi Party in Germany.
pps. 138-163
--[cont]--
Aloha, He'Ping,
Om, Shalom, Salaam.
Em Hotep, Peace Be,
Omnia Bona Bonis,
All My Relations.
Adieu, Adios, Aloha.
Amen.
Roads End
Kris
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