> Benarkah Eyang Harto hanya terkait dengan 7 Yayasan saja?
> > > Atau itu hanya 'seolah-olah' ada upaya penyelidikan hukum saja?
> > > Mari hilangkan (minimal kikis) budaya/politik 'klaim dan
> > > seolah-olah'!!
> > > Mari..
> > >
> > > Wassalam,
> > >
> > > Irwan.K
> > >
> > > http://www.time.com/time/asia/asia/magazine/1999/990524/cover1.html
> > >
> > > *The Family Firm*
> > > *A TIME investigation into the wealth of Indonesia's Suharto and his
> > > children uncovers a $15 billion fortune in cash, property, art, jewelry and
> > > jets *
> > > By JOHN COLMEY and DAVID LIEBHOLD Jakarta
> > >
> > > When the end came for Suharto, Indonesia's long-serving President
> > > appeared oddly passive. As students and angry mobs took to the streets and
> > > soldiers responded with gunfire and tear gas, the five-star general hovered
> > > in the background, making few attempts to set things right. When he finally
> > > quit a year ago this week, he stood meekly to the side as his successor,
> > > B.J. Habibie, took the oath of office. Suharto has hardly been heard
> > > from since.
> > >
> >
> > http://www.time.com/time/asia/asia/magazine/1999/990524/cover2.html
> >
> > *GREAT EXPECTATIONS*
> >
> > How did Suharto Inc. attain its wealth, its power and its hold over the
> > imaginations of millions of Indonesians? When Suharto became acting
> > President of Indonesia in 1967, his unique blend of forcefulness and
> > Javanese political subtlety was already manifest. The ousting of "President
> > for Life" Sukarno, the nationalist founder of the country, took two years
> > and, through an accompanying anti-communist purge, claimed as many as
> > 500,000 lives. But Suharto, an obscure general from a hardscrabble village
> > in central Java, led an outwardly modest life. He and his late wife Siti
> > Hartinah ("Madam Tien") initially lived in a simple bungalow in the Menteng
> > district of Jakarta and drove a 1964 Ford Galaxy. That was in marked
> > contrast to Sukarno, the self-styled "God-King," with his grand presidential
> > palace and his glamorous third wife Dewi, a former Japanese hostess at
> > Tokyo's Copacabana nightclub.
> >
>
> http://www.time.com/time/asia/asia/magazine/1999/990524/cover3.html
>
> *OIL AND LAND*
>
> The Suharto reach extended well beyond the foundations' interests, and few
> deals were more lucrative than the family's oil businesses. In his first
> decade in power, Suharto allowed state oil conglomerate Pertamina to be run
> as a private fief by its founder Ibnu Sutowo, a former general once known as
> the second most powerful man in Indonesia. Sutowo's plan to build a huge
> tanker fleet for Pertamina brought it to the brink of financial collapse in
> 1975. He was fired the following year, though it wasn't clear whether the
> cause was mismanagement or his political ambitions. Now 84, Sutowo tells
> TIME it was neither. He says Suharto asked him in 1976 to set up a second
> trading company to ship Indonesian crude oil to Japan. "He said to me, 'I
> want you to take $0.10 for every barrel traded by the new company,'" Sutowo
> recalls. "When I said no, I think he was shocked."
>
http://www.time.com/time/asia/asia/magazine/1999/990524/cover4.html
*CHILDREN OF FORTUNE*
For years, Indonesia's corruption was the kind of petty favor-buying and
commission-giving commonly found in the developing world. Two factors pushed
the country into a league of its own. The first was Indonesia's position as
an up-and-coming star performer in the Asian economic miracle, which brought
a cascade of funds pouring into businesses and real estate. The World Bank
estimates that between 1988 and 1996, Indonesia received more than $130
billion in foreign investment. "All this has been possible under the eyes of
the West, which supported Suharto for 30 years," says Carel Mohn,
spokesperson for Transparency International, a non-governmental organization
based in Berlin.
The second factor was "the children," as the Suharto kids are known. All six
are involved in business, a calling for which they were groomed from an
early age. "I remember when we were younger, me and Bambang and his other
friends would go over to Uncle Liem's house," says a childhood pal of
Suharto's second son. "Uncle Liem would always give us a package of money
wrapped in newspaper." The package, he recalls, would contain banknotes
worth $1,000 or more. Says Wati Abdulgani, a businesswoman who dealt with a
family company in the 1980s: "The kids saw what was being given to their
uncles and they thought, 'What about us, when we grow up?'"
Sigit, the eldest son, was apparently pushed into business by his mother,
Madam Tien, whose own behind-the-scenes dealings in the 1970s earned her the
nickname "Madam Tien Percent." A friend of Mrs. Suharto recalls a
conversation with her at the time the government was building Jakarta's
Soekarno-Hatta International Airport. "She told me, 'I want Sigit to learn
about business,'" says the friend. "I told her I thought he should first
finish university. She said, 'No, no, Sigit can't think straight.'" Two
sources who worked on the airport project say that by the time both
terminals were finished in 1984, $78.2 million had been given to Sigit in
markups that appeared as cost overruns. He graduated to bigger deals. The
collection of ticket proceeds from a national lottery, set up in 1988 by the
Department of Social Affairs, was handled by a Sigit-linked company until
Muslim leaders' anti-gambling protests forced its closure in 1993. "The
gambling scheme earned Sigit and his company millions of dollars every
week," says Christianto Wibisono of the Indonesian Business Data Center,
which has been gathering information on Suharto-related businesses and other
firms since 1980.
Second son Bambang, who founded the Bimantara Group in 1981 with two members
of his former rock band, was helped in business by Uncle Liem. From 1967
until last year, the National Logistics Agency (Bulog) imported and
distributed basic commodities such as wheat, sugar, soybeans and rice
through Suharto-linked companies, including six belonging to Liem. At
Bambang's request, Liem gave him a slice of the business. Through sugar
trading alone, the son is estimated to have earned as much as $70 million a
year, essentially for stamping documents. The system worked so well that
each of the children was given a cut as he or she moved into business, a
practice that continued until last year. From 1997 to '98, Liem had a
contract from Bulog to import about 2 million tons of rice valued at $657
million. As part of that contract, Suharto's youngest daughter Siti Hutami
Endang Adiningsih<_javascript_:openDocumentWindow('suharto_family_mamiek.html')>("Mamiek")
imported 300,000 tons of rice worth $90.3 million. Over the past
18 years, under the pretense of stabilizing food prices, the Suhartos' deals
with Bulog have earned them an estimated $3 billion to $5 billion, according
to a former government official.
Eldest child Tutut<_javascript_:openDocumentWindow('suharto_family_tutut.html')>rose
to become the queen bee of the Suharto clan. The base of her empire is
Citra Lamtoro Gung Group, and its first big business was building and
operating toll roads. The group's toll-road arm won its first project in
1987 after the government turned down two competing bids. Financing came
from two government banks, a state-owned cement company and a Suharto
foundation. When the president of state-owned Bank Bumi Daya turned down
Tutut's request for an interest-free loan, he was fired. By the mid-1990s,
her roads were earning $210,000 a day, and in 1995 the concession on her
Intra Urban Tollway System, the most lucrative in Indonesia, was extended
through the year 2024. Explains Teddy Kharsadi, director of corporate
affairs at toll-road company PT Citra Marga Nusaphala: "The extension was a
reasonable consequence of our investment."
Tutut's empire also includes telecommunications, banking, plantations, flour
milling, construction, forestry, sugar-refining and trading. Foreign
companies learned to take on a Suharto as a partner if they wanted to do
business in Indonesia, and Tutut was first on most lists. "A lot of big
multinationals insisted on having the right connections, and these were
certainly useful to them," says Graeme Robertson, an Australian-born
Indonesian citizen whose Swabara Group is active in coal and gold mining. At
the peak of Tutut's power, according to sources close to the family,
investors seeking to meet her first had to pay as much as $50,000 as a
"consulting fee" to her minders.
In the early 1990s, Indonesia began to heed the advice of market-oriented
economists to privatize many of its state firms. The First Family was a
major beneficiary. Suharto ended the state telecommunications monopoly in
1993--by giving licenses for an international direct-dial operation and for
Indonesia's first digital mobile phone network to Bambang's PT Satelit
Palapa Indonesia (Satelindo). At the same time, state-owned PT Telkom
transferred its customer base to Satelindo when it launched its own
satellite, the country's third, with the help of a $120 million loan from
the U.S. Export-Import Bank. TIME has learned that Jakarta gave Satelindo
the licenses and Telkom's customers without a tender or payment. Thanks to
the government, Bambang found himself in control of the company, which the
market valued at $2.3 billion in 1995 when a subsidiary of Germany's
Deutsche Telekom paid $586 million for a 25% stake. Bambang also received a
major share of a $90 million facilitation fee from Deutsche Telekom as part
of the sale.
*TOO MUCH OF A GOOD THING*
The Suharto children's interests became so extensive they started colliding
with each other. Bambang and Tutut vied to set up their own television
stations. Tommy competed with brother Sigit in aviation and with Bambang in
shipping and car production. In 1990 the government solicited bids for a
contract to provide switching equipment for 350,000 telephone lines. Japan's
NEC teamed up with a company controlled by Bambang. Competitor AT&T gave
Tutut a 25% share in its local venture, now called PT Lucent Technologies
Indonesia. The project was ultimately split 50-50 between Tutut's AT&T group
and Bambang's NEC. In 1996, Tutut came up against Sigit for rights to
develop the vast Busang gold mine in East Kalimantan. Tutut's partner,
Canadian company Barrick Gold, was opposed by Sigit's partner, Bre-X
Minerals. This time, both sides lost; Busang turned out to be the biggest
hoax in mining history.
The competition grew so intense that the Suharto progeny began seeking
monopolies in ever-narrower lines of business. Bambang got a contract to
import the special paper used by the national mint. Tutut took over the
processing of drivers' licenses. A company owned by Sigit's wife, Elsye,
became the sole authorized producer of Indonesia's mandatory identification
cards. In 1996 Suharto grandson Ari Sigit devised a scheme to sell $0.25
revenue stickers as proof of tax payment for every bottle of beer and
alcohol consumed in Indonesia (that business collapsed when producers
stopped shipping beer to tourist mecca Bali in protest). Nine months before
Suharto's resignation, Ari was gearing up to launch a "national shoe
project"--all Indonesian children would have to buy school shoes from his
company. "At the end," says an American lawyer with 20 years' experience in
Indonesia, "the only thing that was transparent was the corruption."
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
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