Load balancing with Debian i386 Wheezy LTSP. One root server and three
application servers.
If you do not have dhcp-server somewhere in your LAN - choose LTSP.
When you have very old thin clients [1], you need 486 kernel. Only
Debian have package for that [2].
1. LTSP
Use Debian Wheezy AMD64 LXDE [3] for root server and Debian Wheezy i386
LXDE [4] for three application servers.
Here are servers in this setup:
192.168.0.105 debian-ltsp
192.168.0.106 debian-app-01
192.168.0.107 debian-app-02
192.168.0.108 debian-app-03
A. Install LTSP in root server.
# apt-get install ltsp-server-standalone
# ltsp-build-client --arch i386
# nano /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
# include "/etc/ltsp/dhcpd.conf";
# nano /etc/ltsp/dhcpd.conf
# Default LTSP dhcpd.conf config file.
#
authoritative;
subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.0.200 192.168.0.215;
option domain-name "debian-ltsp";
option domain-name-servers 192.168.0.1;
option broadcast-address 192.168.0.255;
option routers 192.168.0.1;
next-server 192.168.0.105;
# get-lease-hostnames true;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option root-path "/opt/ltsp/i386";
if substring( option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9 ) = "PXEClient" {
filename "/ltsp/i386/pxelinux.0";
} else {
filename "/ltsp/i386/nbi.img";
}
}
# service isc-dhcp-server restart
# root@debian-ltsp:~# ltsp-info
server information:
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Debian
Description: Debian GNU/Linux 7.6 (wheezy)
Release: 7.6
Codename: wheezy
server packages:
ii ldm-server 2:2.2.11-2
un ltsp-client <none>
un ltsp-client-core <none>
ii ltsp-docs 1.1-1
ii ltsp-server 5.4.2-6+deb7u1
ii ltsp-server-standalone 5.4.2-6+deb7u1
un ltsp-utils <none>
ii ltspfs 1.1-2
packages in chroot: /opt/ltsp/i386
ii ldm 2:2.2.11-2
ii ldm-themes 12.07.1
ii ltsp-client 5.4.2-6+deb7u1
ii ltsp-client-core 5.4.2-6+deb7u1
ii ltspfsd 1.1-2
ii ltspfsd-core 1.1-2
found: /opt/ltsp/i386/etc/lts.conf
# root@debian-ltsp:~# uname -a
Linux debian-ltsp 3.2.0-4-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.2.60-1+deb7u3 x86_64
GNU/Linux
# root@debian-ltsp:~# ltsp-chroot -a i386
# root@debian-ltsp:/# dpkg -l | grep linux-image-486
ii linux-image-486 3.2+46 i386 Linux for older PCs (meta-package)
B. Install LDM-server in application servers.
# apt-get install ldm-server
C. Modify root server for load balancing.
1.
# touch /opt/ltsp/i386/usr/share/ltsp/get_hosts
# nano /opt/ltsp/i386/usr/share/ltsp/get_hosts
#!/bin/bash
# Prioritize the server list contained in MY_SERVER_LIST parameter based
on server rating
TMP_LIST=""
SHUFFLED_LIST=""
if [ -z "$MY_SERVER_LIST" ]; then
SHUFFLED_LIST=$SERVER
else
for i in $MY_SERVER_LIST; do
rank=$(netcat $i 9571 | grep rating | cut -d: -f2)
if [ -n "$rank" ]; then
TMP_LIST="$TMP_LIST\n${rank}_$i"
fi
done
TMP_LIST=$(echo -e $TMP_LIST | sort -r)
for i in $TMP_LIST; do
SHUFFLED_LIST="$SHUFFLED_LIST $(echo $i | cut -d_ -f2)"
done
fi
echo $SHUFFLED_LIST
# chmod 755 /opt/ltsp/i386/usr/share/ltsp/get_hosts
2.
# nano /opt/ltsp/i386/etc/lts.conf
[Default]
LDM_DIRECTX=True
[--]
MY_SERVER_LIST="192.168.0.106 192.168.0.107 192.168.0.108"
3.
# touch /etc/ltsp/ssh_known_hosts.auto
# ltsp-update-sshkeys 192.168.0.106 debian-app-01 192.168.0.107
debian-app-02 192.168.0.108 debian-app-03
# ltsp-update-sshkeys
D. Users
Be sure that every application servers are able to accept users
(rsync/unison passwd, group, shadow or OpenLDAP). Share /home with NFS.
# root@debian-ltsp-pnp:~# cat /etc/exports
# /home 192.168.0.106(rw,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check)
192.168.0.107(rw,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check)
192.168.0.108(rw,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check)
# root@debian-app-01:~# cat /etc/fstab
# 192.168.0.105:/home /home nfs hard,intr,rsize=8192,wsize=8192,bg 0 0
E. Verify that users are able to log in. Here is three thin clients,
three users, three application servers, load balancing is working.
root@debian-app-01:~# ps ax | grep ltsp
3214 ? Ss 0:00 sshd: ltsp003 [priv]
3219 ? S 0:00 sshd: ltsp003@pts/1
3235 ? Ss 0:00 bash -c LTSP_CLIENT=192.168.0.201
LTSP_CLIENT_HOSTNAME=ltsp201 LTSP_CLIENT_MAC=08:00:27:2C:BE:71
LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=true LC_ALL=fi_FI.UTF-8 LANGUAGE=fi_FI.UTF-8
LANG=fi_FI.UTF-8 DISPLAY=192.168.0.201:7
PULSE_SERVER=tcp:192.168.0.201:4713 ESPEAKER=192.168.0.201:16001
LTSP_ALSA_DEFAULT=pulse /etc/X11/Xsession "default" < /dev/null >
/dev/null ; /usr/sbin/ltspfsmounter all cleanup
3308 ? S 0:00 openbox --config-file
/home/ltsp003/.config/openbox/lxde-rc.xml
3355 pts/0 S+ 0:00 grep ltsp
root@debian-app-01:~#
root@debian-app-02:~# ps ax | grep ltsp
3191 ? Ss 0:00 sshd: ltsp001 [priv]
3196 ? S 0:00 sshd: ltsp001@pts/1
3212 ? Ss 0:00 bash -c LTSP_CLIENT=192.168.0.203
LTSP_CLIENT_HOSTNAME=ltsp203 LTSP_CLIENT_MAC=08:00:27:CC:7A:AB
LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=true LC_ALL=fi_FI.UTF-8 LANGUAGE=fi_FI.UTF-8
LANG=fi_FI.UTF-8 DISPLAY=192.168.0.203:7
PULSE_SERVER=tcp:192.168.0.203:4713 ESPEAKER=192.168.0.203:16001
LTSP_ALSA_DEFAULT=pulse /etc/X11/Xsession "default" < /dev/null >
/dev/null ; /usr/sbin/ltspfsmounter all cleanup
3293 ? S 0:00 openbox --config-file
/home/ltsp001/.config/openbox/lxde-rc.xml
3378 pts/0 S+ 0:00 grep ltsp
root@debian-app-02:~#
root@debian-app-03:~# ps ax | grep ltsp
3402 ? Ss 0:00 sshd: ltsp002 [priv]
3407 ? S 0:00 sshd: ltsp002@pts/2
3422 ? Ss 0:00 bash -c LTSP_CLIENT=192.168.0.205
LTSP_CLIENT_HOSTNAME=ltsp205 LTSP_CLIENT_MAC=08:00:27:D5:2E:14
LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=true LC_ALL=fi_FI.UTF-8 LANGUAGE=fi_FI.UTF-8
LANG=fi_FI.UTF-8 DISPLAY=192.168.0.205:7
PULSE_SERVER=tcp:192.168.0.205:4713 ESPEAKER=192.168.0.205:16001
LTSP_ALSA_DEFAULT=pulse /etc/X11/Xsession "default" < /dev/null >
/dev/null ; /usr/sbin/ltspfsmounter all cleanup
3503 ? S 0:00 openbox --config-file
/home/ltsp002/.config/openbox/lxde-rc.xml
3605 pts/0 S+ 0:00 grep ltsp
[1]
http://h10010.www1.hp.com/wwpc/pscmisc/vac/us/product_pdfs/t5135_Data_Sheet_02-26-07.pdf
[2] https://packages.debian.org/wheezy/linux-image-3.2.0-4-486
[3]
http://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/7.6.0/AMD64/iso-cd/debian-7.6.0-AMD64-lxde-CD-1.iso
[4]
http://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/7.6.0/i386/iso-cd/debian-7.6.0-i386-lxde-CD-1.iso
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