Nathan, The difference between Kosovo and the other cases is that the aggressor is a client state. We have no need to call for military intervention. All the U.S. needs to do is to call off its dogs and they will comply. Several of us have mentioned that we think that the introduction of foreign troops will not help. In the case of Kuwait, if April Glespie had told Saddam not to invade, I suspect that it might not have happened, especially if the U.S. would have agreed to support some of Saddam's grievances concerning oil. In the case of Kosovo, intervention was a total and ongoing disaster. The U.S. and the EU countries had put pressure on Yugoslavia, weakening the state and supporting seperatist movements. We have had all of this discussion before. What can be gained from repeating it? -- Michael Perelman Economics Department California State University [EMAIL PROTECTED] Chico, CA 95929 530-898-5321 fax 530-898-5901