[meteorite-list] Re: Last Word (from me) on the Crackpot Theory, I Think...

2005-11-01 Thread Marco Langbroek



Sterling K. Webb wrote:


Here is the problem with my attempting to deal
with the data (the isotopic anomalies). People seem
to consider me instead a supporter of various theories,
whacky or not, Firestone's or any other's, about
extinctions. I have no brief for these theories.
I am interested only in what exterior astronomical
events created these isotopic anomalies. They
require an explanation.


Hi Sterling,

Just for clarity: I for one have been well aware that you were not a supporter 
of wacky theories, but just interested in these new suggestions, with an open as 
well as critical mind. I also agree with you that there are a few things in 
Firestone's isotopic data that are interesting and merit consideration of what 
might be the cause.


More comments below:


Marco mentions the vagaries of radiocarbon
dating and so forth. It's obvious nobody is
reading the reference I gave for Firestone's
earlier paper on them:
http://www.centerfirstamericans.com/mt.html?a=36

It derives, among other things, from
trying to calibrate those vagaries.


I did read the reference (with much interest!), but the calibration attempts of 
Firestone (and others before him, e.g. Stuiver and Pearson) do not remove the 
vagaries and will never do. These vagaries are the result of the fact that for  
30,000 years ago, 14C levels due to decay of the isotope are just that low that 
they will be *never* reliable to measure. You can try to calibrate for wiggles 
in atmospheric C14 content over time such as has been done for younger periods, 
but that is not the true issue for ages in this range: the true issue is that 
the method istelf starts to fail. 14C is not suited to dates of several Ka. The 
problem is, that there are little alternative dating methods for age ranges in 
the range of a few Ka, other than thermoluminiscence (which require suitable 
sediments or heated crystaline rock). Basically, it is too old for 14C, too 
young for K/Ar or Ar/Ar, while fission track isn't realy suited for this time 
period too. There is a whole bunch of other isotopic methods, but these all have 
their issues. Hence this is why 14C dates are attempted, but they should always 
be taken with much caution. Sometimes, people forget that: the laboratory says 
it is that old, so it is true.
Dating problems and chronology is a specialty of me, part of my PhD dissertation 
revolved around that issue, although my focus is more on the earlier Palaeolithic.


I have dealt with geochronologist as part of my research. Some (not all), even 
pretty good ones, do not seem to get that field conditions of sample environment 
as well as geological conditions in the past are not laboratory conditions, and 
the true error on a date is not just determined by the standard deviation on a 
machine reading.




Below a strata well-known to date geologically
to 10,000 BP (before present) are artifacts with
thermoluminescent dates of 12,400 BP but with
radiocarbon dates that are almost recent, 2880 BP.
There are a number of these sites, including
one where there is an area with an archaic
cultural items whose radiocarbon date is 160
years old!


...and this happens often in the reality of archaeological fieldwork. I would 
think of a contamination issue here first, as 14C is susceptible to this, or 
taphonomic issues of reworking and sedimentation environment, stratigraphic 
disconformities etc. E.g., could it be a lag deposit incorporating material from 
a large timespan? Could organic materials be reworked into the deposit by 
bioturbation? Could organic material be washed in by groundwater action, soil 
formation? This is exactly where laboratory guys often go blind on their dates 
and laboratory technical accuracy, while not properly taking into account the 
context and taphonomic history of the samples. You might be surprised, but that 
happens a lot, even in prestigeous papers published in top journals. The 
solution to this kind of dating problems does usualy not come from employing a 
better technique or increasing ist accuracy, but from thorough taphonomic 
studies.


(another thing here is to consider whether the archaic material realy is 
archaic, but that might be my bias as an archaeologist working with a.o. Lower 
palaeolithic materials. We have come to realise there, that typology not always 
works, especially with materials that appear to be crude).


- Marco

-
Dr Marco Langbroek  -  Pleistocene Archaeologist
e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
website: http://home.wanadoo.nl/marco.langbroek
-




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[meteorite-list] Re: Last Word (from me) on the Crackpot Theory, I Think...

2005-11-01 Thread Paul
Sterling Webb wrote:

 The clustering I mentioned came from a 
complete list of dated carcases. Most dates 
were single and isolated times, but there 
were several dates clustered around the 
two time periods Firestone found (elsewhere) 
anomalies for. It was a very weak association 
and I probably shouldn't have even suggested it 
supported even vaguely the isotopic timetable. 
And it was the one from the talkorigins 
website you recommended, Paul.

The fundamental problem. as I pointed out in my last post in
detail, is not that the clustering is weak. This problem is that
given few number of dates available, it is impossible to know
at this time if it exists at all. A few data points selected from 
a larger population of data points can be and usually is quite
misleading. In case of the 30,000 to 35,000 BP period is 
absolutely no clustering of dates in that time period.

Sterling Webb wrote:

When I referred to the megafauna extinction 
at 13,000 to 11,000 years ago, I was referring 
SOLELY to North America and said so. I 
specifically mentioned that the extinctions took 
place at other times on other continents. What 
Paul called this old misstatement of the facts, 
which has been endlessly recycled on various 
catastrophist web sites despite having been 
long known to be quite false was mostly taken 
from the web site of the American Museum of 
Natural History in New York, New York...

One problem is that just because something is posted on a web
page does not make it true. Unfortunately, even the web pages
of reputable museums are often **not** peer-reviewed and 
sometimes prepared by publicists and other non-scientists, who
repeat what they learned years ago in school and not what is
now known about the subject. As a result, old, outdated 
material is recycled with the best of intentions, regardless of
whether the information in it is still supported by the current
research. 

Apparently, whoever wrote the Natural Museum of Natural 
History web page, like the catastrophists and other people, who 
also repeat this claim their web pages, mindlessly repeated 
Paul S. Martin and H. E. Wright in their 1967 book Pleistocene
Extinctions  when they stated:

A sudden wave of large animal extinction, 
involving at least 200 genera, most of them 
lost without phyletie replacement, 
characterized the late Pleistocene. 

Unfortunately for whoever prepared the Museum of Natural 
History web pages, they, like various catastrophists, failed to 
research what they were writing. Had the done this, they would
have found that in the 38 years since book Pleistocene 
Extinctions  was published, research has conclusively proved 
that Paul S. Martin and H. E. Wright were totally wrong about
there being a single and sudden wave of extinctions. They 
occurred at different times in different places over a period 
of tens of thousands of years as demonstrated by the articles, 
which I cited in my previous papers. 

The disproved nature of Martin and Wright's 200 genera 
statement is important because, the fact there was **not** a
single wave of extinction greatly contradicts the idea of using
a supernova to explain such extinctions. (Also, it reflects badly
one a person's scholarship to use antiquated and long discarded
and disproved ideas to support a person's hypothesis.) The 
multiple waves of extinction, which occurred on different 
continents at different times over a period of tens of thousands
of years is **not** the pattern of extinction that would be 
expected from a supernova, which would have caused a single
synchronous extinctions event of global extent. An extinction
event associated with a supernova would have more resembled 
the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary because of the amount of 
irradiation proposed by Firestone and his colleagues based on
his chert data and many other nasty aftereffects of a supernova.

It is impressive that 15 genera of mostly megafauna became 
extinct at the end of the Pleistocene in North America. 
However, this is far too localized to have been caused by a 
supernova. Also, as noted in papers discussed in my previous
post, i,e, Stafford et al (2005) paper in the same conference, 
which found that it actually consisted of two waves of 
extinction, which is inconsistent with a supernova or any 
other instantaneous event. A supernova or similar cosmic
event also cannot explain why horses in Alaska were being
subject increasing environmental stress before they became
extinct in Alaska before elsewhere and why remnant 
populations of mammoths survived on St Paul island a
couple of thousand years past 10,000 BP.

Sterling wrote:

Here is the problem with my attempting 
to deal with the data (the isotopic anomalies). 
People seem to consider me instead a 
supporter of various theories, whacky or 
not, Firestone's or any other's, about 
extinctions. I have no brief for these 
theories. I am interested only in what 
exterior astronomical events created 
these isotopic anomalies. They require