Re: [Biofuel] A problem with WVO

2005-03-06 Thread Appal Energy




Any suggestions ?


Conduct a series of bracket titrations and/or move towards the acid/base 
process.


Todd Swearingen

- Original Message - 
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Saturday, March 05, 2005 9:54 AM
Subject: [Biofuel] A problem with WVO



Hello brothers and sisters.

I have been making my own bio for about three years and have been very
successful with it. I HAVE had some great failures such as filter clogging 
raw

fat in the fuel, gertting it in the tank while some Glycerine was still
separating - MORE clogged filters, but have learned so much that i now 
give

free seminars and have about 50 people now brewing their own.

So my problem is this: I have a restaurant that gives me about 20 gallons 
a
week of Canola oil that they have cooked french fries and hot dogs in. 
Never

too dirty, but quite dark.

I have had BAD results with this stuff. I titrate and it always needs to 
have

an excessive amount of lye added and when I do, I get a solid MESS. I have
even tried to make various half litre batches with the same results - an
almost solid block of GLOP. Now, i have added perhaps uip to 20% of this 
oil

in with my more common crappy soy oil and THEN it works OK.

Any suggestions ?

Kitch in Az

99 Golf diesel
82 Vanny camper diesel
82 Vanny diesel grease getter

Small diesels driving truck alternators backing up solar power


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[Biofuel] Bad news for Diesel driver

2005-03-06 Thread John Wilson

Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, and Volvo had more than their fair share of
problems. Only Audi came out better than average,

Consumers report to be published next week doesn't rate this years Mercedes
and Volkswagens as being very reliable vehicles.
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Re: [Biofuel] Bad news for Diesel driver

2005-03-06 Thread Chris


like the beginning of an urban legand, doesn't it?) as saying that new MB's 
are coming to get things fixed at 30k miles that shouldn't need fixing until 
200k miles.  He doesn't recommend the newer ones either.  But those old ones 
just keep on going...


Chris Kueny
'85 300TD
Cayce, SC


Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, and Volvo had more than their fair share of
problems. Only Audi came out better than average,

Consumers report to be published next week doesn't rate this years 
Mercedes

and Volkswagens as being very reliable vehicles.



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[Biofuel] Social technolgy and social netwoking :The road map of the sucess story

2005-03-06 Thread Pannir P.V

 Hello  Keith  and our beloved members 

 Our  small research group  needs  to elaborate  a project proposal 
to  submit  to one of the  biggest Media group in Brasil.Even though,
we are  involved  in the biofuel and biomass energy project , we are
not able to  have  the road map for this project.

  Any  help  in this regard  of any  information will be highly appreciated.
What we find  in the Internet about social  networking  are   getting
the   people (younger) together   to make good friendship, which  is
made possible by google  new project in this field of social
networking.
However  what we need are how  to make networking to include the  poor
 and  also how to community  based networking  for village and local
development.

   Keith   as man of the media  with  very long experience , as  we 
all do  in this list are  doing networking  too can  surely help us 
to make this road map as well as the hardware and software needed.Can
free call center  can be used to make this social networking for 
community developments.New ideas , thinking are very welcome.

 Thanking you

Yours truly

Pannirselvam P.V




-- 
 Pagandai V Pannirselvam
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN
Departamento de Engenharia Qu’mica - DEQ
Centro de Tecnologia - CT
Programa de P—s Gradua‹o em Engenharia Qu’mica - PPGEQ
Grupo de Pesquisa em Engenharia de Custos - GPEC

Av. Senador Salgado Filho, Campus Universit‡rio
CEP 59.072-970 , Natal/RN - Brasil

Residence :
Av  Odilon gome de lima, 2951,
   Q6/Bl.G/Apt 102
   Capim  Macio
EP 59.078-400 , Natal/RN - Brasil

Telefone(fax) ( 84 ) 215-3770 Ramal20
2171557
Telefone(fax) ( 84 ) 215-3770 Ramal20
 2171557
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Re: [Biofuel] US Fuel Efficiency Truth-in-Advertising Act

2005-03-06 Thread Appal Energy


difficulty in achieving rated fuel economy and I see no need to go on 
crusade about it..


Pretty much just live what works and make whatever contributions that I can 
within my sphere of influence.


Not much more to life than that.

Whether others choose to think about how a car can be driven fuel 
efficiently is largely out of my control and not worth much more than the 
initial bother.


Todd Swearingen

- Original Message - 
From: B. Nostrand [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Saturday, March 05, 2005 12:07 PM
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] US Fuel Efficiency Truth-in-Advertising Act



good luck with this. i'm done. rbury
- Original Message -
From: Appal Energy [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Friday, March 04, 2005 9:53 PM
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] US Fuel Efficiency Truth-in-Advertising Act



I believe this pretty well sums a lot up...

 i drive a 'safe' speed as determined by the speed limits
 and the flow of traffic at the time. safety trumps gas mileage for me

and

 i've seen plenty of old folks in buicks driving slow (and i'm sure

getting

 great gas mileage) and ultimately being the cause of accidents they so
 determinedly attempt to avoid. in portland

You let the flow of traffic and a rectangular black and white sign 
dictate

how you should drive,  rather than you - the driver - exercising fair and
somewhat uncommon sense?

Safety trumps gas mileage? Since when can't a person have both? Faster
doesn't mean safer, or at least not in the absolutist manner that you're
somewhat implying.

And old folks in buicks driving slow is one heuckuva lame excuse and
disproportionally overblown stereotypical (un)rantionale for not

exercising

prudent sense in the achievement of good fuel economy. I reckon young

folks

don't drive buicks, cause accidents or drive questionably either? If

you're

eyes in in such a state that you can't see a slower moving buick in front

of
you, then don't you think that you ought to be first in line at the 
vision

counter?

Most blue hairs I know have better driving habits than two thirds of the
driving population. Maybe they know something that most young folks

don't

yet?

As for traffic light timing? You misread what I wrote, which was for the
driver to time traffic lights. Funny thing about traffic lights and cars
stopped at them. You can't go any faster than they do. Makes a fair bit 
of
sense to keep the car rolling as best as possible until they start 
moving,

rather than coming to a complete stop and burning extra fuel on another
takeoff.

Funny thing about clutches.

Todd Swearingen

- Original Message -
From: B. Nostrand [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Friday, March 04, 2005 8:41 PM
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] US Fuel Efficiency Truth-in-Advertising Act


 lets get specific! i don't accelerate to a stop. i try and accelerate 
 as

 gently and gradually as the vehicle allows (given its' propensity to
 lunge,
 due to the lack of sensitivity in the sender.) i leave plenty of space
 between myself and vehicles in front of me. it's absolutely true about
 braking points but i drive a 'safe' speed as determined by the speed
 limits
 and the flow of traffic at the time. safety trumps gas mileage for me

and

 i've seen plenty of old folks in buicks driving slow (and i'm sure

getting

 great gas mileage) and ultimately being the cause of accidents they so
 determinedly attempt to avoid. in portland, or. where i live the lack 
 of
 accurately timed traffic lights is a frustration! they can't seem to 
 get

 they're act together and time the lights to the speed limit. that

presents

 itself as an unremediable problem (unfortunately.) the vehicle,

ultimately

 is very heavy. start and stop traffic in a city of this size is
 unavoidable.
 mileage improves a bit when service stations remove the smog prevention
 additives in the summer (from 13-15mpg to 15-17mpg.) not much can be

done

 about all the hills that have to be climbed here. our absolute best
 mileage
 on the highway was just under 22mpg coming down the east side of the
 mountains out of yosemite. our worst is right around 13 mpg with all

city

 driving and no freeway mixed in whatsoever. the vehicle just weighs to
 much
 to be very efficient around town. our old 86 westfalia averaged 17 in

town

 and around 20 mpg loaded and on the highway. i expected mileage to be
 better
 with the eurovan. it isn't, but i'm still not displeased with the
 purchase.
 it offers a diversity of amenities unavailable in any other vehicle
 currently being produced (oh i forgot, VW no longer imports it to the
 U.S.)
 how about that all wheel drive 6 speed tdi diesel T5 everyone's been
 talking
 about? now you've got my attention! rbury

 - Original Message -
 From: Appal Energy [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Sent: Friday, March 04, 2005 2:38 PM
 Subject: Re: [Biofuel] US Fuel Efficiency Truth-in-Advertising Act


  i guess i must be one of
  those whinners 

Re: [Biofuel] Latest Consumer Reports

2005-03-06 Thread Chris Chuck McGuire


West at 55mph.
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Re: [Biofuel] A problem with WVO

2005-03-06 Thread Jan Warnqvist

Hello.
I think that both the FFA content and water content are too high in that
oil. The water content is the worst enemy for a good trans-etherification.
Try this :
Put the oil in a vessel at 70oC for 24 hrs. The water may form a separate
phase at the bottom of the vessel.
Check the water content. ExxonMobile sells a nice kit called Mobil water
test. The active chemical compound in this is calciumdihydride. It is a
reliable method. Do not try to transesterify again until the water content
is around 0,5%.
And- watch out for any remaining detergents in the oil !
Jan Warnqvist
AGERATEC AB

[EMAIL PROTECTED]

+ 46 554 201 89
+46 70 499 38 45
- Original Message - 
From: Appal Energy [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Sunday, March 06, 2005 1:25 AM
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] A problem with WVO


 Kitch,

  Any suggestions ?

 Conduct a series of bracket titrations and/or move towards the acid/base
 process.

 Todd Swearingen

 - Original Message - 
 From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Sent: Saturday, March 05, 2005 9:54 AM
 Subject: [Biofuel] A problem with WVO


  Hello brothers and sisters.
 
  I have been making my own bio for about three years and have been very
  successful with it. I HAVE had some great failures such as filter
clogging
  raw
  fat in the fuel, gertting it in the tank while some Glycerine was still
  separating - MORE clogged filters, but have learned so much that i now
  give
  free seminars and have about 50 people now brewing their own.
 
  So my problem is this: I have a restaurant that gives me about 20
gallons
  a
  week of Canola oil that they have cooked french fries and hot dogs in.
  Never
  too dirty, but quite dark.
 
  I have had BAD results with this stuff. I titrate and it always needs to
  have
  an excessive amount of lye added and when I do, I get a solid MESS. I
have
  even tried to make various half litre batches with the same results - an
  almost solid block of GLOP. Now, i have added perhaps uip to 20% of this
  oil
  in with my more common crappy soy oil and THEN it works OK.
 
  Any suggestions ?
 
  Kitch in Az
 
  99 Golf diesel
  82 Vanny camper diesel
  82 Vanny diesel grease getter
 
  Small diesels driving truck alternators backing up solar power

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RE: [Biofuel] oscillatory flow reactor

2005-03-06 Thread ccm

Dear Sirs,
I am also student in university I am interested on OFR?
How can I get contact with people to help me?
Regard
ccm

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf
Of Nayer Sultana
Sent: Friday, March 04, 2005 10:19 AM
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: [Biofuel] oscillatory flow reactor

i am a final year student of chemical engineering (BUET). i am doing a 
design project on making biodiesel from used vegetable oil. designing an 
oscillatory flow reactor is a part of my project but i dont have any 
information abt the design considerations for OFR. i have to design an 
industrial scale reactor in detail so a guideline to OFR designing would be 
very helpfull. as i am just an undergrad student i know very little abt 
reactor designing and i am seriously in need of help

thanks
nayer

_
Don't just search. Find. Check out the new MSN Search! 
http://search.msn.click-url.com/go/onm00200636ave/direct/01/

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[Biofuel] Conversion of Diesel Engine for wood and biogas

2005-03-06 Thread Pannir P.V

  See  below 

http://www.iitd.ac.in/cgi-bin/nph-p/http/10.116.2.57/tech/details.asp?id=207

Conversion of Diesel Engine Into Spark Ignition Operation

 Contact Sengupta IIT delhi for producer gas  can also work for 
biogas developed by:
Subrahmanyam J P  Dr.
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Gaur R R  Professor
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
 
Department/Centre

Mechanical Engineering

Mechanical Engineering






Description:

Kit for converting a diesel engine into spark ignition mode. Abstract:
The aim of this project work is to provide a kit to convert a 18 hp
Eicher make diesel engine to operate on producer gas in the spark
ignition mode. The single cylinder air cooled engine was accordingly
converted to operate on producer gas. A complete set of instructions
regarding the design and selection of the various components like
gasifier, gas carburetor, governor control mechanism, ignition system
and reduction of compression ratio have also been provided.

Special Features:

Consists of electrical ignition system; reduction in compression ratio;

Prospective Users:

Automotive, Rural

Keywords:

Spark ignition, compression ratio, kit

Type of Technology:

Product

Status of IPR Protection:

None

1
For further informatiom, Please contact directly the faculty
member/inventor under intimation to Managing Director, FITT,
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
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Re: [Biofuel] A problem with WVO

2005-03-06 Thread droptop

Quoting Jan Warnqvist [EMAIL PROTECTED]:

 Hello.
 I think that both the FFA content and water content are too high in that
 oil. The water content is the worst enemy for a good trans-etherification.
 Try this :
 Put the oil in a vessel at 70oC for 24 hrs. The water may form a separate
 phase at the bottom of the vessel.
 Check the water content. ExxonMobile sells a nice kit called Mobil water
 test. The active chemical compound in this is calciumdihydride. It is a
 reliable method. Do not try to transesterify again until the water content
 is around 0,5%.
 And- watch out for any remaining detergents in the oil !
 Jan Warnqvist
 AGERATEC AB
 
 [EMAIL PROTECTED]

Hi Jan,

I think my main problem is too much free fat in the oil. If I add 20-25% of it 
to my other soy oil that is little used for only two days at a street fair, 
then it converts really well, as the overall free fat content of the blended 
batch is low enough to work with just a one step lye/meth conversion. SO, I am 
going to move to a two step acid/meth-lye program with it. Watr saeems not to 
be a big issur here in the desert, but since you guys warned me, I'll sure 
check for it!!

Thanks again SO MUCH and let's keep working to save our country from those 
that run it!!

kitch in Az.

-
FastQ Communications 
Providing Innovative Internet Solutions Since 1993

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[Biofuel] freezer test

2005-03-06 Thread Brent S


50%, 33%, and a 20% blend. At -20c the 50% got thick but didn't solidify or 
sepparate, and the other two were ok.


Are these results consistant with what is expected from a good home brew 
fuel?


Brent
Saskatchewan Canada

91 GMC 6.2


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Re: [Biofuel] oscillatory flow reactor

2005-03-06 Thread Anti-Fossil

Hello ccm,

Here is a link to the University of Cambridge, Department of Chemical
Engineering's site titled Oscillatory Flow Mixing.

http://www.cheng.cam.ac.uk/research/groups/polymer/OFM/


The front page shows this site to have been updated as recently as December
2004.  This information, specifically oscillatory flow mixing, and the link
to the site I quoted above, are both already contained within the Journey
To Forever website under the Continuous reactors header, on the
Biodiesel processors page.

As far as being able to put you in contact with living, breathing,
carbon-based life forms to assist you in your project...my only suggestion
would be to:  1) go through this site diligently, and use any contact us
links you find, and 2) get in touch with the individual whose email you
attached your post to when you posted your message to the list.  Since the
both of you are doing similar, if not the same project, you should be able
to help one another out.

Best of luck,

AntiFossil
Mike Krafka  USA


A sign seen recently in a non-smoking area:
 If we see smoke, we will assume you are
 on fire and take appropriate action.

Why do people pay to go up tall buildings
and then put money in binoculars to look
at things on the ground?





- Original Message - 
From: ccm [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Sunday, March 06, 2005 5:23 AM
Subject: RE: [Biofuel] oscillatory flow reactor


 Dear Sirs,
 I am also student in university I am interested on OFR?
 How can I get contact with people to help me?
 Regard
 ccm

 -Original Message-
 From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf
 Of Nayer Sultana
 Sent: Friday, March 04, 2005 10:19 AM
 To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Subject: [Biofuel] oscillatory flow reactor

 i am a final year student of chemical engineering (BUET). i am doing a
 design project on making biodiesel from used vegetable oil. designing an
 oscillatory flow reactor is a part of my project but i dont have any
 information abt the design considerations for OFR. i have to design an
 industrial scale reactor in detail so a guideline to OFR designing would
be
 very helpfull. as i am just an undergrad student i know very little abt
 reactor designing and i am seriously in need of help

 thanks
 nayer

 _
 Don't just search. Find. Check out the new MSN Search!
 http://search.msn.click-url.com/go/onm00200636ave/direct/01/

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Re: [Biofuel] Latest Consumer Reports

2005-03-06 Thread Appal Energy



West at 55mph.


Who hasn't? And what makes you think something such as this is so obvious?

- Original Message - 
From: Chris  Chuck McGuire [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Saturday, March 05, 2005 11:17 PM
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Latest Consumer Reports


Obviously you have never had to travel any significant distance in the 
West at 55mph.

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--
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Re: [Biofuel] Bad news for Diesel driver

2005-03-06 Thread jon forster


of new diesel vehicles, i'd like to ask a general question. I'd like to 
purchase a diesel vehicle, as my next, and wonder what my choices are. It 
will need to be used, but perhaps new enough so that fuel lines and other 
compnents wont need to be changed .
I think the idea of a camper van that someone mentioned sounds great. Is 
that a vw? what years would be good? Any suggestions ,for a 2-3 thou$ car 
(or van or truck) that is dependable, gets good milage,  and is easy enough 
to work on , would be appreciated.
- Original Message -thanks in 
advance,

jon forster

From: John Wilson [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Saturday, March 05, 2005 8:11 PM
Subject: [Biofuel] Bad news for Diesel driver



Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, and Volvo had more than their fair share of
problems. Only Audi came out better than average,

Consumers report to be published next week doesn't rate this years 
Mercedes

and Volkswagens as being very reliable vehicles.
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[Biofuel] successfull two stage base

2005-03-06 Thread TLC Orchids and Such

I successfully pulled off Aleks Kac's two stage base process (eight gal batch) 
and an elementary form of methanol recovery last night.

Granted the oil I started with was almost virgin oil, it titrated out at 1/4 ML 
requiring only 3.75G per liter, normally you don't titrate for this process but 
I knew that it wasn't going to take very much naoh.

Jeremy
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Re: [Biofuel] Bad news for Diesel driver

2005-03-06 Thread Keith Addison



For what's on the menu, see:

http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_UScars.html
Diesels in the US

And for an update (which I haven't uploaded yet), please see this 
message from John Hayes:


http://wwia.org/pipermail/biofuel/Week-of-Mon-20050214/006049.html
[Biofuel] US diesel options - was Re: New member introduction

(Sorry John, next day or two, with luck, and thanks again!)

Regards

Keith Addison
Journey to Forever


Hi, i'm new to the list, and on this note of good or  poor 
dependability of new diesel vehicles, i'd like to ask a general 
question. I'd like to purchase a diesel vehicle, as my next, and 
wonder what my choices are. It will need to be used, but perhaps 
new enough so that fuel lines and other compnents wont need to be 
changed .
I think the idea of a camper van that someone mentioned sounds 
great. Is that a vw? what years would be good? Any suggestions ,for 
a 2-3 thou$ car (or van or truck) that is dependable, gets good 
milage,  and is easy enough to work on , would be appreciated.
- Original Message - 
thanks in advance,


   jon forster
From: John Wilson [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Saturday, March 05, 2005 8:11 PM
Subject: [Biofuel] Bad news for Diesel driver



Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, and Volvo had more than their fair share of
problems. Only Audi came out better than average,

Consumers report to be published next week doesn't rate this years Mercedes
and Volkswagens as being very reliable vehicles.


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Re: [Biofuel] freezer test

2005-03-06 Thread Keith Addison



I just did a test with some winter diesel and bio diesel blends. I 
did a 50%, 33%, and a 20% blend. At -20c the 50% got thick but 
didn't solidify or sepparate, and the other two were ok.


Are these results consistant with what is expected from a good home brew fuel?


Dunno about blends (we never use them), but you could try putting 
some of your homebrew in a jar in the freezer with a thermometer in 
the jar, check it every few minutes to see what temp it goes cloudy 
and gels. There's a test like that here:


http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_winter.html
Biodiesel in winter: Journey to Forever

We've used Wintron X30 pour-point depressant, but we only used it 
once this winter, and that's long gone, none left in the tank now 
(though we do have more). It's been cold a lot, but we haven't had 
any problems. The TownAce splutters and hiccups a little on starting, 
but start it does, first kick, and it quickly settles down. Hm... 
there's different ideas on the list of what's cold, I know: here it 
seldom gets worse (lower) than about -12 deg C or so (10.5 deg F), 
and that's rare. Right now it's -7 deg C, and can drop to -10 or so; 
more often the nighttime temps are about 0 to -5.


But I've seen messages in autumn from folks in San Francisco 
panicking when it gets below 40 deg F (4.5 deg C), still well above 
freezing, and their biodiesel starts to gel, which I don't 
understand. Ours is good to -5 deg C (23 deg F), and it seems even 
lower, and it's nothing special, we didn't even get rid of the 
saturated fats in the WVO for winter fuel, as we probably should 
have. So I don't know what they're making in San Francisco.


Best wishes

Keith




Brent
Saskatchewan Canada

91 GMC 6.2


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Re: [Biofuel] Bad news for Diesel driver

2005-03-06 Thread Chris


everything you will find in the US and a couple that would be very hard to 
get your hands on.  For 2-3 thousand, your choices will be limited to 
somewhat old.  First to mind would be a diesel pickup with a camper or an 
old Mercedes.  I am partial to the old Mercedes.  For big bucks a Sprinter 
would be real cool.


Chris Kueny


- Original Message - 
From: jon forster [EMAIL PROTECTED]

To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Sunday, March 06, 2005 12:47 PM
Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Bad news for Diesel driver


 Hi, i'm new to the list, and on this note of good or  poor dependability 
of new diesel vehicles, i'd like to ask a general question. I'd like to 
purchase a diesel vehicle, as my next, and wonder what my choices are. It 
will need to be used, but perhaps new enough so that fuel lines and 
other compnents wont need to be changed .
I think the idea of a camper van that someone mentioned sounds great. Is 
that a vw? what years would be good? Any suggestions ,for a 2-3 thou$ car 
(or van or truck) that is dependable, gets good milage,  and is easy 
enough to work on , would be appreciated.
- Original Message -thanks in 
advance,


jon forster
From: John Wilson [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Saturday, March 05, 2005 8:11 PM
Subject: [Biofuel] Bad news for Diesel driver



Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, and Volvo had more than their fair share of
problems. Only Audi came out better than average,

Consumers report to be published next week doesn't rate this years 
Mercedes

and Volkswagens as being very reliable vehicles.
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[Biofuel] Cleaning Up Factory Farms

2005-03-06 Thread Keith Addison



Cleaning Up Factory Farms

By J.R. Pegg, Environment News Service. Posted March 2, 2005.

The Bush administration thinks it's perfectly OK to let factory farms 
discharge waste into the nation's waters. A federal appeals court 
says the policy stinks.


The Bush administration's regulations to limit water pollution from 
factory farms violate the Clean Water Act and must be revised, a 
federal appeals court ruled Monday. The court found the regulations 
failed to ensure that factory farms would be held accountable for 
discharging animal wastes into the nation's waters.


The ruling, released Monday by a three judge panel of the 2nd U.S. 
Circuit Court of Appeals in New York, is a major victory for 
environmentalists who filed suit against the February 2003 rules. 
Robert F. Kennedy Jr., president of the Waterkeeper Alliance and an 
NRDC senior attorney, called the regulations the product of a 
conspiracy between a lawless industry and compliant public officials 
in cahoots to steal the public trust.


I am grateful that the court has taken the government and the barons 
of corporate agriculture to the woodshed for a well-earned rebuke, 
Kennedy said.


The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which issued the 
rules, was not available for comment on the ruling.


The decision continues a long-running battle over how to regulate 
factory farms - known as concentrated animal feeding operations 
(CAFOs). CAFOs have emerged as the dominant force in the modern 
production of agricultural livestock as the size of livestock 
operations has grown over the past two decades. These operations 
produce some 500 million tons of animal waste annually - disposal and 
storage of this waste presents serious risks to public health and the 
environment.


CAFOs often over-apply liquid waste on land, which runs off into 
surface water, killing fish, spreading disease, and contaminating 
drinking water supplies. Waste can leak onto the land and into 
groundwater and drinking water supplies from the massive waste 
storage units on the farms.


Three decades ago the U.S. Congress identified CAFOs as point sources 
of water pollution to be regulated under the Clean Water Act's water 
pollution permitting program. The 2003 rule aimed to implement that 
decision - it applies to some 15,500 livestock operations across the 
country.


Large CAFOs are defined in the regulations as operations raising more 
than 1,000 cattle, 700 dairy cows, 2,500 pigs, 10,000 sheep, 125,000 
chickens, 82,000 laying hens, or 55,000 turkeys in confinement.


The regulations require these operations to apply for discharge 
permits under the Clean Water Act every five years and develop 
nutrient management plans to manage and limit pollution - or 
otherwise demonstrate that they have no potential for discharge.


The Bush administration said the rules balanced environmental 
protection with the concerns of a competitive and economically 
important industry. But the court described the regulations as 
arbitrary and capricious and said the Clean Water Act demands 
regulation in fact, not only in principle.


The court determined the rules illegally allowed permitting 
authorities to issue permits without reviewing the terms of CAFO 
plans to manage and limit pollution.


The CAFO rule does nothing to ensure that each large CAFO will 
comply with all applicable effluent limitations and standards, the 
panel wrote in its 65-page ruling.


The rule also deprives the public of the opportunity for the sort of 
regulatory participation that the Act guarantees because the rule 
effectively shields the nutrient management plans from public 
scrutiny and comment, the judges wrote.


The panel agreed with environmentalists who argued that the 
regulations violate federal law because they do not ensure that 
permits contain specific limits on the amount of pollution CAFOs can 
discharge.


To accept the EPA's contrary argument - that requiring a nutrient 
management plan is itself a restriction on land application 
discharges - is to allow semantics to torture logic, the court said.


The agency also failed to require factory farms to use the necessary 
technological controls to reduce bacteria and other pathogens from 
their pollution, according the ruling.


The court agreed that there is a better way than the Bush 
administration's plan, said Eric Huber, a Sierra Club attorney. 
When technology and existing law can keep animal waste out of our 
rivers, why should Americans have to settle for a plan that puts 
polluters before the public?


J.R. Pegg is Washington D.C. Bureau Chief for Environment News Service.


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