Re: [Biofuel] Searching the list archives
Thanks, Keith - that is most helpful. An excellent search facility, too. Adrian --- On Sat, 3/1/09, Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: From: Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: [Biofuel] Searching the list archives To: biofuel@sustainablelists.org Date: Saturday, 3 January, 2009, 3:39 PM Biofuel list archives: http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ There are 74,000 messages, 498.4 Mb of it, and that's in a compressed format, it's at least 500 books' worth. Say for instance you want to know more about the stability of soy biodiesel because someone told you it oxidizes. To find messages with both the words soy and oxidation type: soy oxidation - exact phrase: soy oxidation - soy but not oxidation: +soy -oxidation - soy and oxidation or oxidize or oxidizing or oxidized: soy oxid* - boolean: soy (oxidation OR polymerization) or: (oxidation OR polymerization) AND soy also: soy (oxidation AND polymerization) etc. Capitals/lower-case matters in boolean searches when you type OR or AND, otherwise it doesn't matter. The search gives you a list of matches, 10 per page. The whole of the thread is linked at the end of each message. As you browse the search results you discover further keywords to search for: iodine, EN 14214, antioxidant, and so on. HTH - best Keith ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/sustainablelorgbiofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (70,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ -- next part -- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: /pipermail/attachments/20090104/c90b8737/attachment.html ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/sustainablelorgbiofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (70,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] Searching the list archives
You're most welcome Adrian, glad it helps. Best Keith Thanks, Keith - that is most helpful. An excellent search facility, too. Adrian --- On Sat, 3/1/09, Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: From: Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: [Biofuel] Searching the list archives To: biofuel@sustainablelists.org Date: Saturday, 3 January, 2009, 3:39 PM Biofuel list archives: http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ There are 74,000 messages, 498.4 Mb of it, and that's in a compressed format, it's at least 500 books' worth. Say for instance you want to know more about the stability of soy biodiesel because someone told you it oxidizes. To find messages with both the words soy and oxidation type: soy oxidation - exact phrase: soy oxidation - soy but not oxidation: +soy -oxidation - soy and oxidation or oxidize or oxidizing or oxidized: soy oxid* - boolean: soy (oxidation OR polymerization) or: (oxidation OR polymerization) AND soy also: soy (oxidation AND polymerization) etc. Capitals/lower-case matters in boolean searches when you type OR or AND, otherwise it doesn't matter. The search gives you a list of matches, 10 per page. The whole of the thread is linked at the end of each message. As you browse the search results you discover further keywords to search for: iodine, EN 14214, antioxidant, and so on. HTH - best Keith ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/sustainablelorgbiofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (70,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] Jatropha and ethanol
Hello David Keith, Where can I find a quick transform between gpd/lpd of biodiesel and mixer volume, for batch-process mixers? If I understand correctly, it will take perhaps 3 days to produce the biodiesel in the mixer, after which one could (and in a plant this size, would probably) pump the reactant elsewhere to undertake other processes using other equipment: settling, separation, washing, etc. If it takes a day to clean, prepare and load the mixer, and we add a half day to give some slack for... whatever, then the amount of reactant one can process in a year would have to be about 80 times the volume of the mixer. Thus with some idea of the ratio of end-product biodiesel volume to reactant volume, I would be able to estimate the size of the mixer itself. What is that ratio? Reactant usually means the alcohol, methanol, which is usually 20% of the volume of oil being processed. For the ratio of end-product biodiesel volume to feedstock volume, ie the jatropha oil, the production rate is or should be 100%: 1,000 litres of oil 1,000 litres of biodiesel. As to the size of the mixer, how long is a piece of string? I didn't really want to get into this (I don't work for such projects), and anyway the question didn't make sense to me. However, I mentioned a 1,000-litre processor, that would be a batch processor. I wouldn't want to do it, but using the basic single-stage base process, the processor should be able to produce one batch in little more than an hour, say 7-8 batches per working day, 7-8,000 litres a day. (An oil pre-heating tank would help.) The product could all go into multiple settling tanks (say 8, or use bigger tanks), for separation of the biodiesel from the settled by-product cocktail the next day, freeing the tanks for the next batches; again, say 8 washing tanks could get the washing process done in another day if stir washing is used, though that means the fuel has to be made properly or it will emulsify, see: http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_bubblewash.html Multiple tanks take a bit of space, maybe they haven't got the space or the labour or whatever, everyone's situation is different, so people use different schemes. Anything from 8 batches a day to 1 batch a day to a batch every five days is possible, with the same processor. To calculate your ratio you'd have to find out more about how they intend to operate (if they know). People often want to speed up the process to make it more efficient, which usually means taking shortcuts with the process itself or with stuff like centrifuges or so-called dry-washing and so on, unnecessary extras that don't work very well (not as well as gravity and water, respectively). But it's not really more efficiency they want, it's more production. Rather than messing with the process, get a bigger processor, or a second processor running in parallel (and double the number of settling and washing tanks). Keith Addison wrote: The project information I have says that they intend to use a suitable packed column, condenser, and receiver... to recover excess amount of Methanol in the system. These are the options: Reclaiming excess methanol http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_make2.html#methreclaim As I grow more familiar with the site, I grow more amazed and grateful. Fabulous resource. Why thankyou sir. :-) By the way, on the page http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_make.html, a link to Boston University's site is given for the MSDS for methanol (http://www.bu.edu/es/labsafety/ESMSDSs/MSMethanol.html). It's not there, even given that a search of the site using the tools thereon provided demonstrates that it's supposed to be there. In fact, it looks like, for the moment or permanently, /all/ MSDS information (http://www.bu.edu/es/labsafety/ESMSDSs/ESMSDS.html), even as linked from the lab safety page itself, has disappeared. (A pretty good MSDS for methanol is found at http://www.jtbaker.com/msds/englishhtml/M2015.htm, if the BU site does not resolve its problems soon, and a generic resource for MSDS information is at http://www2.hazard.com/msds/.) Aarghh!!! Broken links! Why do they do it?? :-( Thankyou David, I'll fix it. One can make biogas from methanol, and it therefore seems possible to me based on what little I know about its contents that the whole unseparated glycerol fraction of the trans-esterified result could likely be put in the digester. List members have surmised that, but not confirmed it. I'd be interested to know the results. I'm fuzzy as yet on when we will get a chance to run proof-of-concept tests, but if/when, I'll be in touch. Yes please. Finally, I mentioned interplanting or intercropping options with Jatropha. I have found some resources regarding this: http://www.jatrophabiodiesel.org/intercropping.php?_divid=menu3 http://www.bioruta.com/JATROPHA/Documentos/Agrotechnology%20of%20Jatropha.pdf The basic story, as far as I yet have found
Re: [Biofuel] Jatropha and ethanol
Keith, Keith Addison wrote: Where can I find a quick transform between gpd/lpd of biodiesel and mixer volume, for batch-process mixers? As to the size of the mixer, how long is a piece of string? I didn't really want to get into this [...] Still, I'm glad you did. That helps a lot. What I am trying to do (besides publicly exposing my ignorance re biodiesel), is to get some idea of how it will look on the ground so I can fold that information into my thoughts about the design of the biogas part of the process, which (as mentioned) is apparently an afterthought. As the poor step child, feeding from the table scraps of the biodiesel process, it behooves us to have a fine understanding of what is happening so as not to get in the way... Finally, I mentioned interplanting or intercropping options with Jatropha. I have found some resources regarding this [...] Did you try this? http://www.fact-fuels.org/en/FACT_Knowledge_Centre/FACT_Publications?session=cl4scdo0dk1e8c4ql2hpeev1s1 I had not previously seen that page, although I had encountered some of the publications, such as the handbook. Again, many thanks. Also: Physic nut -- Jatropha curcas L. Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops [...] I did run across that publication by Heller. But in spite of its relatively recent vintage (1996) he seems unconvinced that you (and your brethren and sistren) exist: Transesterified oil can be used in any diesel engine. This process is normally carried out in centralized plants since the the small-scale economy of transesterification has not been determined. [p 22, para 3] And he does not even mention biogas (sniff!). For my own purposes only, I found Claims and Facts on Jatropha curcas L. (linked from the page you mentioned) to have more of the sort of information that interests me (http://www.ifad.org/events/jatropha/breeding/claims.pdf and elsewhere). d. -- David William House The Complete Biogas Handbook |www.completebiogas.com| Make no search for water. But find thirst, And water from the very ground will burst. (Rumi, a Persian mystic poet, quoted in /Delight of Hearts/, p. 77) -- next part -- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: /pipermail/attachments/20090104/de53cdef/attachment.html ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/sustainablelorgbiofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (70,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
[Biofuel] anaerobic digestion
Elm I have been researching anaerobic digestion for some tme and find there diffuse ideas on the subject. ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/sustainablelorgbiofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (70,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
[Biofuel] The Crisis of Common Sense
http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article21605.htm The Crisis of Common Sense Is It So Difficult To Understand The Financial Crisis? By Matthias Chang January 02, 2009 Global Research --- God gave us a brain to think, to think naturally and in simple terms, and not in a complicated way. When we think naturally and use common sense to address problems we will be able to arrive at simple solutions. But our education system tortures us mentally and forces us to think in complicated ways. Our teachers, economists, politicians and so-called experts in God and religion make mountains out of mole-hills, turning simple truths to complex arguments and scientific theories and equations. These experts need to make things look difficult to survive and to make sure that we have to rely upon them for solutions. It is often said that, in the land of the blind, the man with one eye is the King. Thinking used to be a pleasure and so very invigorating. But now experts have ensured that thinking is difficult and tiring, so burdensome, that we don't think at all. The result is that common sense is thrown out of the window, and we have been conditioned to rely on our mental crutch, the so-called experts to think for us. How sad. It Is So Difficult To Understand The Financial Crisis Many have expressed to me that they are overwhelmed by the complexity of the global financial tsunami and are absolutely confused as to how to prepare and survive the crisis. When I explained in simple terms, they refused to accept the explanations as to them it was too simple. It must be more complicated as otherwise how can the crisis become a global fiasco? Consider the following and my simple explanation: 1. financial engineering: new ways of gambling 2. Investors: gamblers 3. Stock Futures Markets: casinos 4. Financial Analysts: casinos' salesmen / women 5. Bonds: I.O.Us. 6. Banks: Dishonest Money-lenders (actual money-lenders licensed not as banks, but as money-lenders, cannot create money out of thin air. They have to use their own capital - 100% to lend) 7. Currencies / fiat money toilet papers 8. Derivative markets: ponzi scheme So many people have difficulty accepting my explanations as the simple reality. This is even after the recent exposé of the US$50 Billion fraud by Bernard Madoff, the former chairman of NASDAQ. He declared to the FBI, that his scheme was essentially a Ponzi scheme (i.e. using one set of investors' money to pay off an earlier set of investors). Banks worldwide have collapsed! Why? Two reasons - (i) they gambled at the casino and lost trillions and (ii) almost all their borrowers that borrowed huge sums (leveraging 30 times or more i.e. if a borrower has $1 million capital, he can borrow $30 million) have defaulted. Common sense tells us that if our income is only $X and we borrow 30 times in excess of $X, there is no way that we can repay the debt, unless our gambling bets pay out in excess of 30 times the original amount of $X. Common sense tells us that if our total family monthly income is e.g. RM3,500, we cannot afford a lifestyle that requires a monthly expenditure of RM10,000 financed by credit-cards with only 5% monthly payment on the outstanding. When interests start piling up on the accumulated monthly outstanding, a point will be reached whereby the cardholder cannot even keep up with the payment of the interests. The cardholder defaults and he gets sued by the lawyers acting for the credit-card companies and or banks. Common sense tells us that if you are conned into buying something allegedly worth US$500,000 when its actual value is US$5,000 and you borrowed to buy the inflated asset, there is no way that you will continue paying the installments and the interests on such an acquisition. The bank on the other hand is stuck with an asset supposedly worth US$500,000 but its actual worth is only US$5,000 or less. Common sense tells us that the banks and the governments (fearing a systemic banking collapse) will lie and cover up the con-game until it cannot cover up anymore as too many banks are having the same problems and more importantly, the con-game cannot be covered-up anymore because borrowers are walking away and saying to the banks and governments - You conned us, you take the blame. Common sense tells us that these so-called assets which investors have invested cannot be real assets, but mere papers masquerading as assets (such as CDOs, synthetic CDOs and CDO Squared - toilet papers). Therefore, so-called sophisticated investors were borrowing toilet papers to invest in toilet paper assets! Common sense tells us, and thinking naturally and in simple terms will enable us to conclude, that only greedy people can be lured by such con-games and that when gambling at such casinos, these so-called sophisticated investors were not using common sense. Common sense tells us that we, the remaining hardworking
[Biofuel] We Are Hard-Wired to Care and Connect
http://www.yesmagazine.org/article.asp?ID=2848 We Are Hard-Wired to Care and Connect by David Korten The good news: The changes we must make to avoid ultimate collapse are identical to the changes we must make to create the world of our common dream. The story of purple America is part of a yet larger human story. For all the cultural differences reflected in our richly varied customs, languages, religions, and political ideologies, psychologically healthy humans share a number of core values and aspirations. Although we may differ in our idea of the how, we want healthy, happy children, loving families, and a caring community with a beautiful, healthy natural environment. We want a world of cooperation, justice, and peace, and a say in the decisions that affect our lives. The shared values of purple America manifest this shared human dream. It is the true American dream undistorted by corporate media, advertisers, and political demagogues-the dream we must now actualize if there is to be a human future. For the past 5,000 years, we humans have devoted much creative energy to perfecting our capacity for greed and violence-a practice that has been enormously costly for our children, families, communities, and nature. Now, on the verge of environmental and social collapse, we face an imperative to bring the world of our dreams into being by cultivating our long-suppressed, even denied, capacity for sharing and compassion. Despite the constant mantra that There is no alternative to greed and competition, daily experience and a growing body of scientific evidence support the thesis that we humans are born to connect, learn, and serve and that it is indeed within our means to: * Create family-friendly communities in which we get our satisfaction from caring relationships rather than material consumption; * Achieve the ideal, which traces back to Aristotle, of creating democratic middle-class societies without extremes of wealth and poverty; and * Form a global community of nations committed to restoring the health of the planet and sharing Earth's bounty to the long-term benefit of all (see YES! Summer 2008: A Just Foreign Policy http://yesmagazine.org/article.asp?ID=2661). The first step toward achieving the world we want is to acknowledge that there is an alternative to our current human course. We humans are not hopelessly divided and doomed to self-destruct by a genetic predisposition toward greed and violence. Culture, the system of customary beliefs, values, and perceptions that encodes our shared learning, gives humans an extraordinary capacity to choose our destiny. It does not assure that we will use this capacity wisely, but it does give us the means to change course by conscious collective choice. The Story in Our Head The primary barrier to achieving our common dream is in fact a story that endlessly loops in our heads telling us that a world of peace and sharing is contrary to our nature-a naïve fantasy forever beyond reach. There are many variations, but this is the essence: It is our human nature to be competitive, individualistic, and materialistic. Our well-being depends on strong leaders with the will to use police and military powers to protect us from one another, and on the competitive forces of a free, unregulated market to channel our individual greed to constructive ends. The competition for survival and dominance-violent and destructive as it may be-is the driving force of evolution. It has been the key to human success since the beginning of time, assures that the most worthy rise to leadership, and ultimately works to the benefit of everyone. I call this our Empire story because it affirms the system of dominator hierarchy that has held sway for 5,000 years (see YES! Summer 2006: 5,000 Years of Empire http://yesmagazine.org/default.asp?ID=179). Underlying the economic and scientific versions of this story is a religious story which promises that enduring violence and injustice in this life will be rewarded with eternal peace, harmony, and bliss in the afterlife. To reinforce the Empire myth, corporate media bombard us with reports of greed and violence, and celebrate as cultural heroes materially successful, but morally challenged politicians and corporate CEOs who exhibit a callous disregard for the human and environmental consequences of their actions. Never mind the story's moral contradictions and its conflict with our own experience with caring and trustworthy friends, family, and strangers. It serves to keep us confused, uncertain, and dependent on establishment-sanctioned moral authorities to tell us what is right and true. It also supports policies and institutions that actively undermine development of the caring, sharing relationships essential to responsible citizenship in a functioning democratic society. Fortunately, there is a more positive story that can put us on the road to recovery. It
Re: [Biofuel] Technology and the poor
Keith: A comment on the 2009/01/03 Sat AM11:45 EST posting I agree completly, with the premise expressed, that technology as envisioned by the enlightened societies, is not what the poor need to pull themselves out of their predicament. They need help that they understand and can afford. I'm well aware of the conditions in most of Africa and Haiti. Those peoople are cutting down the forest, turning it into charcoal to cook their food. The practice not only lays the Earth bare, but removes habitat for many of the other creatures. In my research on composting I have come upon an article Jean Paine Composting http:wwwq.daenvis.org/technology/Indore.htm, that describes a process that is an amazingly simple and incredibly inexpensive way of extracting both energy and fertilzer from plant life. They describe a compost pile of tiny brushwood pieces. A sealed metal tank connected to truck inner tubes that produce 100% of a rural households energy needs. In other descriptions of anearobic digestion,it is suggested that human and animal excreta be used in combination with the small chips of either green or dried organic waste (with a PH of near 7 which is attained by a combinations of 30-70 percent green to brown materials). The temperature in those Equtorial areas should be easily maintained at the 90-140 degrees required. Many of the researched areas differ on exactly what works best for the materials composted, it seems that some fine tuning is required for each area as the feed stock will vary. At any rate the digestion should be able to gnerate the methane required to cook food, supply fertilizer and even operate small refrigeration with less work for the families and protect the environment as well. This will require some education and money for materials, but I believe it can be done with less effort and money than is currently spent by governments on their military budgets. And will ceertainly produce better results in reducing poverty than the weapons. Elmer Stenger On Sun, Jan 4, 2009 at 5:12 AM, Adrian Higgs wrote: Thanks, Keith - that is most helpful. An excellent search facility, too. Adrian --- On Sat, 3/1/09, Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: From: Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: [Biofuel] Searching the list archives To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] mailto:biofuel@sustainablelists.org Date: Saturday, 3 January, 2009, 3:39 PM Biofuel list archives: http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ There are 74,000 messages, 498.4 Mb of it, and that's in a compressed format, it's at least 500 books' worth. Say for instance you want to know more about the stability of soy biodiesel because someone told you it oxidizes. To find messages with both the words soy and oxidation type: soy oxidation - exact phrase: soy oxidation - soy but not oxidation: +soy -oxidation - soy and oxidation or oxidize or oxidizing or oxidized: soy oxid* - boolean: soy (oxidation OR polymerization) or: (oxidation OR polymerization) AND soy also: soy (oxidation AND polymerization) etc. Capitals/lower-case matters in boolean searches when you type OR or AND, otherwise it doesn't matter. The search gives you a list of matches, 10 per page. The whole of the thread is linked at the end of each message. As you browse the search results you discover further keywords to search for: iodine, EN 14214, antioxidant, and so on. HTH - best Keith ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] mailto:Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/sustainablelorgbiofuel http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/sustainablelorgbiofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (70,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ -- next part -- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: /pipermail/attachments/20090104/c90b8737/attachment.html ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] mailto:Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/sustainablelorgbiofuel http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/sustainablelorgbiofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (70,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ -- next part -- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: /pipermail
