[Vo]:The Kerr effect

[Axil Axil]

A post that might hold some insights as follows:



   1. Giuseppe April 23, 2017 at 3:37 PM
   

   Dear Andrea,


   seems that to activate the E-Cat you need heat, does the QuarkX need
   heat to be activated?


   Best regards, Giuseppe
   2. Andrea Rossi April 23, 2017 at 3:48 PM
   

   Giuseppe:


   Not exactly. The mechanism is much more complex and is based on
   electromagnetic fields.


   Warm Regards,


   A.R.



The nature of the LENR reaction has evolved when the gas envelope is in the
plasma state to depend solely on optical mechanisms. An EMF trigger is the
factor can gets the LENR reaction going. not heat. As stated in the Rossi
patent, very high voltage electrostatic potential is that trigger. The name
of the triggering effect is "kerr effect". The minimum voltage at which the
kerr effect is triggered is 30,000 volts.


This trigger applies to both Rossi's low temperature reactions and his
plasma based reactions.


Kerr electro-optic effect

The Kerr electro-optic effect, or DC Kerr effect, is the special case in
which a slowly varying external electric field is applied by, for instance,
a voltage  on electrodes across the
sample material. Under this influence, the sample becomes birefringent
, with different indices of
refraction for light polarized
 parallel to or
perpendicular to the applied field. The difference in index of refraction
is controlled by the strength of the applied electric field.



[image: 1-physicistsob.jpg]

Birefringence modifies how light behaves inside a whispering gallery wave.


Birefringence is the optical  property
of a material having a refractive index
 that depends on the
polarization  and
propagation direction of light . These
optically anisotropic  materials
are said to be birefringent (or birefractive). The birefringence is often
quantified as the maximum difference between refractive indices exhibited
by the material. Crystals  with
non-cubic crystal structures
 are often birefringent,
as are plastics  under mechanical
stress .


The kerr effect produces a change in stated of the optical properties that
underpin the LENR reaction. Research should be directed at finding where
that change of state sets in.


As in Holmlid's experiments, a laser can produce the kerr effect


Optical Kerr effect

The optical Kerr effect, or AC Kerr effect is the case in which the
electric field is due to the light itself. This causes a variation in index
of refraction which is proportional to the local irradiance
 of the light. This refractive
index variation is responsible for the nonlinear optical
 effects of self-focusing
, self-phase modulation
 and modulational
instability , and
is the basis for Kerr-lens modelocking
. This effect only
becomes significant with very intense beams such as those from lasers
. The optical Kerr effect has also
been observed to dynamically alter the mode-coupling properties in
multimode fibre, a technique that has potential applications for
all-optical switching mechanisms.

Re: [Vo]:Why Scientists Must Share Their Failures

[Eric Walker]

On Sun, Apr 23, 2017 at 5:21 PM, Nigel Dyer  wrote:

> If I remember correctly it was something like that.  The counter had to be
> very close to register clicks, such that it was consistent with alpha
> particles, but it was not stopped by a peice of paper, which would have
> stopped alpha particles, but which would allow through a voltage transient.
>
I believe paper will allow beta particles through, which will also be
picked up by a GM counter.  I assume you were correct in your assessment
that the dV/dT was messing with your GM counter.  But I doubt a piece of
paper would rule out everything interesting.

Eric

Re: [Vo]:Why Scientists Must Share Their Failures

[Nigel Dyer]

If I remember correctly it was something like that.  The counter had to 
be very close to register clicks, such that it was consistent with alpha 
particles, but it was not stopped by a peice of paper, which would have 
stopped alpha particles, but which would allow through a voltage transient.


Nigel

On 23/04/2017 17:53, Eric Walker wrote:
On Sun, Apr 16, 2017 at 11:56 AM, Nigel Dyer > wrote:


It worked quite succesfully for a couple of days experiments,
during which I found that the high dV/dT it generates causes false
positive clicks on my cheap geiger counter.


What was the approach you used to determine the clicks were false 
positives?  E.g., interposing a thick piece of metal?


Eric

[Vo]:LENR why opposition to it? (i)

[Peter Gluck]

http://egooutpeters.blogspot.ro/2017/04/apr-23-2017-lenr-why-opposition-to-it.html

-peter

Dr. Peter Gluck
Cluj, Romania
http://egooutpeters.blogspot.com

Re: [Vo]:Why Scientists Must Share Their Failures

[Eric Walker]

On Sun, Apr 16, 2017 at 11:56 AM, Nigel Dyer  wrote:

It worked quite succesfully for a couple of days experiments, during which
> I found that the high dV/dT it generates causes false positive clicks on my
> cheap geiger counter.


What was the approach you used to determine the clicks were false
positives?  E.g., interposing a thick piece of metal?

Eric