A hydrino connection ?
One more thought on a hypothetical active mechanism in superthermite - and
other reactions which can produce more energy than what should be possible in
the chemical reaction of valence electrons.
This has been called a supra-chemical reaction, since the normal definition
of chemical reaction generally only goes to the valence electrons. There are
a few exceptions in normal chemistry but none where the energy involved cannot
be recovered from the reaction itself. The exceptions: for which there is some
tenuous proof in the literature are found in Mills CQM and in the reports about
superthermite (and possibly a few other ballotechnics ).
An oxygen molecule usually takes electrons rather than gives them, but it can
provide a net enthalpy of a multiple of that of the 13.6 eV (1/2-Hartree)
potential energy of the hydrogen atom by two alternative reactions (if not
three).
The bond energy of the oxygen molecule is 5.165 eV, and the first through the
third ionization energies (IP) of an oxygen atom are 13.62 eV, 35.12 eV, and
54.9 eV, respectively. Iron, as it so-happens has almost the identical value of
54.8 eV enthalpy with its IP4. Arguably, iron oxide can release two oxygen
ions, somewhat resonantly with oxygen and with this particular value, which is
also seen in Helium - and in the process, EUV photons are released.
Since hydrogen, helium, iron and oxygen the four most abundant atoms around,
all share the double Hartree mass-energy level somewhere, there must be
something going one resonantly, and possibly semi-coherently which operates
like a chain reaction in the explosiveness of superthermite.
In the Mills version of suprachemistry - oxygen as a catalysts can shrink
[ground state hydrogen] more than one level at a time but O++ is normally rare
since it is formed at very high temperatures or extreme conditions . However,
with superthermite - the same positive ion O++ must be the active instrument of
energy release, since there is no hydrogen (so far as we know). But even in
Mills CQM when oxygen is active, if I am not mistaken, - it is the O++ catalyst
and not the hydrino, which emits the excess energy.
ERGO one might ask this pregnant question:
... in the superthermite reaction, where aluminum appears to steal two oxygen
ions from iron oxide - and the result is an apparent 2xHartree energy gain - is
this some kind of redundant ground state but hydrino-less reaction which
involves oxygen, not hydrogen, facilitating the exchange by appearing to have a
reduced orbital ?
...and/or is the Dirac sea providing virtual protons as some kind of an
intermediary to facilitate the transfer?
Most bizarre.
No time to say Hello / Goodbye
- Original Message
The pool of tears wonderland-style:
Ok the following may be venturing way down into the rabbitt hole of Alice, so
it is worth prefeacing these remarks as being generally unrelated to the prior
discussion about thermite - such as used in demolition.
Question to the Cheshire Cat: What do the most lethal weapons in the US arsena
have in common - i.e. such as cave-buster bomb which has up to 10 time the
detonation force per pound as conventional bombs (such
as the older daisy cutter or MOAB mother of all bombs)?
Answer from a cat-like smile: Doh! from the subject line, you should be able to
guess it.
Basic Thermite is comprised of aluminum powder and iron oxide powder and does
not explode on its own. So far so good.
When the powders are ground to “ultra-fine grain” in a vacuum chamber and are
less
than 100 nm in diameter, then nano-thermite is formed. When they get down to 10
nm, quien sabe? Even 100 nm changes the situation qualitatively and
quantitatively and the result is not just an incendiary – it is a weapons grade
explosive.
This nanomaterial may well be one of the so-called ballotechnics, such as the
infamous red mercury was once thought to be. In fact there are a few who will
say that this is, and always was, the true identity of that strange material
...
... if it were not fully composed of red herrings, that is ;-)
In one of Dr Steven Jones' papers he says: Researchers can greatly increase
the power of weapons by adding
materials known as superthermites that combine nanometals such as
nanoaluminum with metal oxides such as iron oxide, according to Steven
Son, a project leader in the Explosives Science and Technology group at
Los Alamos.
The advantage (of using nanometals) is in how fast you can
get their energy out, Son says. Son says that the chemical reactions
of superthermites are faster and therefore release greater amounts of
energy more rapidly... Son, who has been working on nanoenergetics for
more than three years, says that scientists can engineer nanoaluminum
powders with different particle sizes to vary the energy release rates.
This enables the material to be used in many applications, including
underwater explosive devices… However,
