Re: [Vo]:Magnetic magnesium

[mixent]

In reply to  Jones Beene's message of Sun, 5 Feb 2017 10:53:23 -0800:
Hi,
[snip]
>Here is the cite for the original Hagelstein paper, ~ 24 years old:
>
>http://www.newenergytimes.com/v2/library/1993/1993Hagelstein-Neutron-Transfer-Reactions-ICCF4.pdf
>
>There are different versions of neutron "hopping" these days, but in the 
>context of magnetic tunneling using NMR - as the medium to transfer 
>neutrons, and the most favorable reaction:
>
>25Mg + 25Mg => 26Mg + 24Mg + 3.763 MeV
>
>The idea is not to use hydrogen or deuterium at all, but to apply the 
>known NMR resonance to the metal, which is conductive so it can be 
>applied direct from a circuit. For instance, imagine a magnetic solenoid 
>in which a thin tube of magnesium isotope is held at cryogenic 
>temperatures  which is oscillated at the NMR resonance, which would be 
>about 6 MHz for a magnetic field strength of 2.3 Tesla.
>
>One application would be as a thruster for aerospace. Hot ions are 
>ejected from both ends of the tube when it is resonant along the axis of 
>the solenoid. One vector can provide thrust and the other converts the 
>ions to electricity to provide the resonance and cooling.

Since about 10% of natural Mg is 25Mg, if the Mg atom exists in an octahedral
lattice with 6 nearest neighbors, then for any given 25Mg atom, there is a 90%
chance that any given nearest neighbor will not be 25Mg. The chance that all 6
will not be 25Mg is 0.9^6 = 53%. Thus the chances that at least one of the
nearest neighbors will be another 25Mg is about 47%. That means that if the
neutron hopping process works, it should be able to convert about half the 25Mg
in natural magnesium without any isotope enrichment being used. That means that
if you want to experiment with the process, you can just use ordinary Magnesium.
Not an ideal solution in the long run, but if definitely makes experimenting to
determine feasibility easier. Even if my math is wrong, it won't be so far off
as to make the use of ordinary Magnesium impossible for experimentation.

Regards,

Robin van Spaandonk

http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html

RE: [Vo]:Magnetic magnesium

[bobcook39923]

The following link:
https://phys.org/news/2016-12-laser-pulses-scientists-complex-electron.html#jCp
discusses a phenomena that involves resonances and large electronic energy 
changes that may relate to nuclear-electronic coupling discussed in this thread.

Bob Cook

From: bobcook39...@gmail.com
Sent: Monday, February 6, 2017 11:01 AM
To: Jones Beene; vortex-l@eskimo.com
Subject: RE: [Vo]:Magnetic magnesium

Jones— 

Not finding data in the open IMHO means it is classified or being held close by 
a few people.  

I find it hard to believe the USA atomic power laboratories like Bettis  and  
KAPL with lots for fancy instruments and funds for research have not 
investigated the Mizuno work. 

The large local B field you identify could cause all sorts of unusual nuclear 
events, akin to the ideas Axil presented, including the very short lived mesons 
 he has claimed consistent with Standard Theory.  The “gluon-quark soup” of 
those mesons be pretty thin given their decay time constant.   

I would imagine the B field changes quite rapidly as the ring of electrons gets 
going and then slows down.  The rapid changes in the coherent system’s energy 
states caused by the B field changes represents an electronic-nuclear coupling 
that very well may result in more phonic (orbital electron) energy, commonly 
referred to as heat.  The nuclear configuration(s) could give up their 
potential energy as the heat suggested above.

This reaction would be consistent with no production of energetic particles 
that would occur with the decay of Axil’s mesons.  Thus, sensitive radiation 
detectors of a Muzino type of event should be employed to find out if the 
mesons happen.  There are many laboratories in Japan, the United States and 
elsewhere that could and would do such monitoring IMHO.

Bob Cook
From: Jones Beene
Sent: Monday, February 6, 2017 8:26 AM  
To: vortex-l@eskimo.com
Subject: Re: [Vo]:Magnetic magnesium

Not so sure about "hole movement in an electric field" unless that is 
metaphorical, but there is a fairly well-known phenomenon at elevated 
temperature called "aromatic ring current" which involves electrons 
circulating around the 6 carbon atoms of an aromatic molecule - with no 
loss when a magnetic field is applied.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromatic_ring_current

This type of ring current is arguably superconductive at high 
temperature and more importantly, this phenomenon has been used for gain 
in LENR in the Mizuno phenanthrene experiments. Unfortunately there are 
no strong replications of this work.

About 8 years ago, Lewis Larsen entered the ring current field and put 
up some very nice slides (60 or so) featuring Mizuno's work and other 
theory.

http://www.slideshare.net/lewisglarsen/lattice-energy-llccoal-as-a-clenr-co2-emissionless-fuelmarch-15-2012-12109180

A lot of observers were hoping that Lattice Energy was actually doing a 
phenanthrene experiment as well as producing impressive slides, but no 
data turned up AFAIK. If they were trying to replicate Mizuno's 
phenanthrene work, the results are not easy to find.

BTW - the "Space" or virtual hole in the center of an aromatic ring is 
about 200 picometers in diameter, while the Bohr radius x 2 is about 100 
pm. This is important if we want to visualize the aromatic ring as some 
kind of physical mechanism for creating UDH/UDD - using the strong 
magnetic field of the ring current to compress the orbital of hydrogen. 
That field has been estimated to be about 12 Tesla locally.

Mizuno's phenanthrene experiments could be the most important open 
question in LENR, and should be replicated or debunked. But we end up 
saying this every couple of years to little effect.

RE: [Vo]:Magnetic magnesium

[bobcook39923]

Jones— 

Not finding data in the open IMHO means it is classified or being held close by 
a few people.  

I find it hard to believe the USA atomic power laboratories like Bettis  and  
KAPL with lots for fancy instruments and funds for research have not 
investigated the Mizuno work. 

 The large local B field you identify could cause all sorts of unusual nuclear 
events, akin to the ideas Axil presented, including the very short lived mesons 
 he has claimed consistent with Standard Theory.  The “gluon-quark soup” of 
those mesons be pretty thin given their decay time constant.   

I would imagine the B field changes quite rapidly as the ring of electrons gets 
going and then slows down.  The rapid changes in the coherent system’s energy 
states caused by the B field changes represents an electronic-nuclear coupling 
that very well may result in more phonic (orbital electron) energy, commonly 
referred to as heat.  The nuclear configuration(s) could give up their 
potential energy as the heat suggested above.

This reaction would be consistent with no production of energetic particles 
that would occur with the decay of Axil’s mesons.  Thus, sensitive radiation 
detectors of a Muzino type of event should be employed to find out if the 
mesons happen.  There are many laboratories in Japan, the United States and 
elsewhere that could and would do such monitoring IMHO.

Bob Cook
From: Jones Beene
Sent: Monday, February 6, 2017 8:26 AM  
To: vortex-l@eskimo.com
Subject: Re: [Vo]:Magnetic magnesium

Not so sure about "hole movement in an electric field" unless that is 
metaphorical, but there is a fairly well-known phenomenon at elevated 
temperature called "aromatic ring current" which involves electrons 
circulating around the 6 carbon atoms of an aromatic molecule - with no 
loss when a magnetic field is applied.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromatic_ring_current

This type of ring current is arguably superconductive at high 
temperature and more importantly, this phenomenon has been used for gain 
in LENR in the Mizuno phenanthrene experiments. Unfortunately there are 
no strong replications of this work.

About 8 years ago, Lewis Larsen entered the ring current field and put 
up some very nice slides (60 or so) featuring Mizuno's work and other 
theory.

http://www.slideshare.net/lewisglarsen/lattice-energy-llccoal-as-a-clenr-co2-emissionless-fuelmarch-15-2012-12109180

A lot of observers were hoping that Lattice Energy was actually doing a 
phenanthrene experiment as well as producing impressive slides, but no 
data turned up AFAIK. If they were trying to replicate Mizuno's 
phenanthrene work, the results are not easy to find.

BTW - the "Space" or virtual hole in the center of an aromatic ring is 
about 200 picometers in diameter, while the Bohr radius x 2 is about 100 
pm. This is important if we want to visualize the aromatic ring as some 
kind of physical mechanism for creating UDH/UDD - using the strong 
magnetic field of the ring current to compress the orbital of hydrogen. 
That field has been estimated to be about 12 Tesla locally.

Mizuno's phenanthrene experiments could be the most important open 
question in LENR, and should be replicated or debunked. But we end up 
saying this every couple of years to little effect.

Re: [Vo]:Magnetic magnesium

[Jones Beene]

Not so sure about "hole movement in an electric field" unless that is 
metaphorical, but there is a fairly well-known phenomenon at elevated 
temperature called "aromatic ring current" which involves electrons 
circulating around the 6 carbon atoms of an aromatic molecule - with no 
loss when a magnetic field is applied.


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromatic_ring_current

This type of ring current is arguably superconductive at high 
temperature and more importantly, this phenomenon has been used for gain 
in LENR in the Mizuno phenanthrene experiments. Unfortunately there are 
no strong replications of this work.


About 8 years ago, Lewis Larsen entered the ring current field and put 
up some very nice slides (60 or so) featuring Mizuno's work and other 
theory.


http://www.slideshare.net/lewisglarsen/lattice-energy-llccoal-as-a-clenr-co2-emissionless-fuelmarch-15-2012-12109180

A lot of observers were hoping that Lattice Energy was actually doing a 
phenanthrene experiment as well as producing impressive slides, but no 
data turned up AFAIK. If they were trying to replicate Mizuno's 
phenanthrene work, the results are not easy to find.


BTW - the "Space" or virtual hole in the center of an aromatic ring is 
about 200 picometers in diameter, while the Bohr radius x 2 is about 100 
pm. This is important if we want to visualize the aromatic ring as some 
kind of physical mechanism for creating UDH/UDD - using the strong 
magnetic field of the ring current to compress the orbital of hydrogen. 
That field has been estimated to be about 12 Tesla locally.


Mizuno's phenanthrene experiments could be the most important open 
question in LENR, and should be replicated or debunked. But we end up 
saying this every couple of years to little effect.

RE: [Vo]:Magnetic magnesium

[bobcook39923]

Some folks think another type of “superconductivity” may occur involving the 
motion of positive holes in an electric  field as opposed to the motion of 
electrons with mass and other particle characteristics.  

Bob Cook

From: Axil Axil
Sent: Sunday, February 5, 2017 6:35 PM
To: vortex-l
Subject: Re: [Vo]:Magnetic magnesium

There is a lot of theories out there, This is one that I like to explain why 
the nucleon is coming apart when exposed to magnetism

https://arxiv.org/pdf/1409.1599.pdf

Quark confinement: dual superconductor picture based on a non-Abelian Stokes 
theorem and reformulations of Yang-Mills theory
 Kei-Ichi Kondo a , Seikou Kato b , Akihiro Shibata c , Toru Shinohara d

This theory explains how quarks are confined by dual superconductivity. 

"A promising scenario for quark confinement called the dual superconductivity 
picture has been proposed in 1970s by Nambu, ’t Hooft, Mandelstam [3]. The dual 
superconductivity is supposed to be realized as the electric–magnetic duality 
of the ordinary superconductivity: The dual superconductivity could be realized 
as a consequence of condensation of magnetic monopoles, i.e., magnetically 
charged objects, just as the ordinary superconductivity is caused by 
condensation of the Cooper pairs, i.e., electrically charged objects. In the 
vacuum of dual superconductor, the dual Meissner effect squeezes the 
chromoelectric flux between a quark and an antiquark into a tube like region to 
form the hadronic string. The key ingredients of the dual superconductor 
picture for the Yang-Mills theory vacuum are the existence of chromomagnetic 
monopole condensation and the dual Meissner effect. In order to establish the 
dual superconductivity, therefore, it is a first step to show the existence of 
magnetic monopole in QCD, i.e., chromomagnetic monopole, which is to be 
condensed in the Yang-Mills theory [1], since chromomagnetic monopole is an 
indispensable ingredient for dual superconductivity in QCD"

IMHO, If that superconductivity is disrupted by strong magnetism, then quarks 
are no longer confined, the nucleon falls apart,  and the quarks reformulate 
into mesons. 

On Sun, Feb 5, 2017 at 7:11 PM, Brian Ahern <ahern_br...@msn.com> wrote:
superconductivity has nothing to do with nuclear states. It is a property of 
valence molecular orbitals.


From: Axil Axil <janap...@gmail.com>
Sent: Sunday, February 5, 2017 1:33 PM
To: vortex-l
Subject: Re: [Vo]:Magnetic magnesium 
 
It is my belief that the magnetism injected into the nucleus disrupts the 
superconductive state that confines the quarks in the protons and neutrons 
within the nucleus. When these nucleons are disrupted, mesons are produced. 

On Sun, Feb 5, 2017 at 1:00 PM, <bobcook39...@gmail.com> wrote:
Back to significant speculation..  
 
There are many other isotopes with  above non- 0 nuclear magnetic moments.   
Most if not all have quasi stable states with differing spin and angular 
momentum.   The local B magnetic field affecting such an isotope modifies those 
states and will cause an alignment or polarization of the isotope with the that 
local B field.   With the correct resonant EM photons it is possible  to add 
energy to the nuclear structure.  When the EM input is turned off, the nuclear 
structure will decay back to a more stable state,  at differing rates depending 
upon the particular nuclear configuration.  
 
It has been my speculation that LENR is merely the transfer of spin energy and 
its angular momentum to the electronic part of the solid state structure making 
up a coherent—entangled—QM system.  Energy is conserved within the system 
during the change.  
 
Since energy has no specific priority within the coherent  system, except to 
increase kinetic energy at the expense of potential energy,  changes, including 
nuclear potential energy with  its characteristic specific structure, will 
occur under conditions within small uncertainties.  
 
These conditions reflect the Heisenberg uncertainty, spin quanta balances in 
integral amounts of h/2pie,  angular momentum conservation and total energy 
conservation.  Linear momentum remains zero and does not make the transition 
impossible.   However,  resonances are very critical to allow reductions in 
potential energy of the system considering uncertainties of particles’s  
positions within the coherent system.
 
The magnetic field is critical IMHO to change resonances and reduce 
uncertainty.   I also consider that charge must remain constant, although not 
necessarily 0, within the coherent system during the transition—LENR.  
 
If anyone can say how the Uncertainty Principle applies to knowledge of angular 
momentum—spin—such information is desirable.  It has been my speculation that 
knowledge of spin can be exact in terms of the quanta h/2pie.   
 
Bob Cook
 
 
 
 
 
 
From: Jones Beene
Sent: Sunday, February 5, 2017 8:42 AM
To: Vortex List
Subject: [Vo]:Magnetic magnesium
 
 
This pos

Re: [Vo]:Magnetic magnesium

[Axil Axil]

There is a lot of theories out there, This is one that I like to explain
why the nucleon is coming apart when exposed to magnetism

https://arxiv.org/pdf/1409.1599.pdf

Quark confinement: dual superconductor picture based on a non-Abelian
Stokes theorem and reformulations of Yang-Mills theory
 Kei-Ichi Kondo a , Seikou Kato b , Akihiro Shibata c , Toru Shinohara d

This theory explains how quarks are confined by dual superconductivity.

"A promising scenario for quark confinement called the dual
superconductivity picture has been proposed in 1970s by Nambu, ’t Hooft,
Mandelstam [3]. The dual superconductivity is supposed to be realized as
the electric–magnetic duality of the ordinary superconductivity: The dual
superconductivity could be realized as a consequence of condensation of
magnetic monopoles, i.e., magnetically charged objects, just as the
ordinary superconductivity is caused by condensation of the Cooper pairs,
i.e., electrically charged objects. In the vacuum of dual superconductor,
the dual Meissner effect squeezes the chromoelectric flux between a quark
and an antiquark into a tube like region to form the hadronic string. The
key ingredients of the dual superconductor picture for the Yang-Mills
theory vacuum are the existence of chromomagnetic monopole condensation and
the dual Meissner effect. In order to establish the dual superconductivity,
therefore, it is a first step to show the existence of magnetic monopole in
QCD, i.e., chromomagnetic monopole, which is to be condensed in the
Yang-Mills theory [1], since chromomagnetic monopole is an indispensable
ingredient for dual superconductivity in QCD"

IMHO, If that superconductivity is disrupted by strong magnetism, then
quarks are no longer confined, the nucleon falls apart,  and the quarks
reformulate into mesons.

On Sun, Feb 5, 2017 at 7:11 PM, Brian Ahern <ahern_br...@msn.com> wrote:

> superconductivity has nothing to do with nuclear states. It is a property
> of valence molecular orbitals.
>
> --
> *From:* Axil Axil <janap...@gmail.com>
> *Sent:* Sunday, February 5, 2017 1:33 PM
> *To:* vortex-l
> *Subject:* Re: [Vo]:Magnetic magnesium
>
> It is my belief that the magnetism injected into the nucleus disrupts the
> superconductive state that confines the quarks in the protons and neutrons
> within the nucleus. When these nucleons are disrupted, mesons are produced.
>
> On Sun, Feb 5, 2017 at 1:00 PM, <bobcook39...@gmail.com> wrote:
>
>> Back to significant speculation..
>>
>>
>>
>> There are many other isotopes with  above non- 0 nuclear magnetic
>> moments.   Most if not all have quasi stable states with differing spin and
>> angular momentum.   The local B magnetic field affecting such an isotope
>> modifies those states and will cause an alignment or polarization of the
>> isotope with the that local B field.   With the correct resonant EM photons
>> it is possible  to add energy to the nuclear structure.  When the EM input
>> is turned off, the nuclear structure will decay back to a more stable
>> state,  at differing rates depending upon the particular nuclear
>> configuration.
>>
>>
>>
>> It has been my speculation that LENR is merely the transfer of spin
>> energy and its angular momentum to the electronic part of the solid state
>> structure making up a coherent—entangled—QM system.  Energy is conserved
>> within the system during the change.
>>
>>
>>
>> Since energy has no specific priority within the coherent  system, except
>> to increase kinetic energy at the expense of potential energy,  changes,
>> including nuclear potential energy with  its characteristic specific
>> structure, will occur under conditions within small uncertainties.
>>
>>
>>
>> These conditions reflect the Heisenberg uncertainty, spin quanta balances
>> in integral amounts of h/2pie,  angular momentum conservation and total
>> energy conservation.  Linear momentum remains zero and does not make the
>> transition impossible.   However,  resonances are very critical to allow
>> reductions in potential energy of the system considering uncertainties of
>> particles’s  positions within the coherent system.
>>
>>
>>
>> The magnetic field is critical IMHO to change resonances and reduce
>> uncertainty.   I also consider that charge must remain constant, although
>> not necessarily 0, within the coherent system during the transition—LENR.
>>
>>
>>
>> If anyone can say how the Uncertainty Principle applies to knowledge of
>> angular momentum—spin—such information is desirable.  It has been my
>> speculation that knowledge of spin can be exact in terms of the quanta
>> h/2p

Re: [Vo]:Magnetic magnesium

[Brian Ahern]

superconductivity has nothing to do with nuclear states. It is a property of 
valence molecular orbitals.


From: Axil Axil <janap...@gmail.com>
Sent: Sunday, February 5, 2017 1:33 PM
To: vortex-l
Subject: Re: [Vo]:Magnetic magnesium

It is my belief that the magnetism injected into the nucleus disrupts the 
superconductive state that confines the quarks in the protons and neutrons 
within the nucleus. When these nucleons are disrupted, mesons are produced.

On Sun, Feb 5, 2017 at 1:00 PM, 
<bobcook39...@gmail.com<mailto:bobcook39...@gmail.com>> wrote:
Back to significant speculation..

There are many other isotopes with  above non- 0 nuclear magnetic moments.   
Most if not all have quasi stable states with differing spin and angular 
momentum.   The local B magnetic field affecting such an isotope modifies those 
states and will cause an alignment or polarization of the isotope with the that 
local B field.   With the correct resonant EM photons it is possible  to add 
energy to the nuclear structure.  When the EM input is turned off, the nuclear 
structure will decay back to a more stable state,  at differing rates depending 
upon the particular nuclear configuration.

It has been my speculation that LENR is merely the transfer of spin energy and 
its angular momentum to the electronic part of the solid state structure making 
up a coherent—entangled—QM system.  Energy is conserved within the system 
during the change.

Since energy has no specific priority within the coherent  system, except to 
increase kinetic energy at the expense of potential energy,  changes, including 
nuclear potential energy with  its characteristic specific structure, will 
occur under conditions within small uncertainties.

These conditions reflect the Heisenberg uncertainty, spin quanta balances in 
integral amounts of h/2pie,  angular momentum conservation and total energy 
conservation.  Linear momentum remains zero and does not make the transition 
impossible.   However,  resonances are very critical to allow reductions in 
potential energy of the system considering uncertainties of particles’s  
positions within the coherent system.

The magnetic field is critical IMHO to change resonances and reduce 
uncertainty.   I also consider that charge must remain constant, although not 
necessarily 0, within the coherent system during the transition—LENR.

If anyone can say how the Uncertainty Principle applies to knowledge of angular 
momentum—spin—such information is desirable.  It has been my speculation that 
knowledge of spin can be exact in terms of the quanta h/2pie.

Bob Cook






From: Jones Beene<mailto:jone...@pacbell.net>
Sent: Sunday, February 5, 2017 8:42 AM
To: Vortex List<mailto:vortex-l@eskimo.com>
Subject: [Vo]:Magnetic magnesium


This post is about an important LENR candidate - and is meant to serve
as a place-marker for future additions. It concerns the isotope of
magnesium 25Mg, which is 10% of natural, called "magnetic magnesium"
because of its nuclear spin and NMR properties. This isotope has come up
before but AFAIK, no one is working with it now.

The remainder of elemental magnesium, which is ~90% (24Mg and 26Mg) has
zero nuclear spin or magnetic moment, making 25Mg easy to enrich from
the chloride salt.  25Mg has high spin (5/2) and magnetic moment, which
are of interest in biology, since magnesium is necessary for life.

In the event that Hagelstein and W-L are accurate about "neutron
hopping" this isotope becomes not only relevant but possibly a
singularity in being the only practical isotope which can work because
of its magnetic properties and ease of enrichment. Hagelstein has
described a neutron tunneling reaction where neutrons seem to "hop"
between nuclei, but always remain in a semi-bound state. Thus they are
never free neutrons, and do not activate the surroundings. The neutron
itself has a magnetic moment which is about twice that of 25Mg and this
feature would be required for "magnetic tunneling" which is an added
twist, so to speak, to the predecessor theories.

Note: The influence of the neutron's magnetic moment is only apparent
for for slow neutrons. Since the magnetic moment of the orbiting
electron is 1000 times larger than that of a neutron, this kind of
"hopping" probably only works in a very strong magnetic field alignment
with a cold reactant. Thus the engineering problem.

Back in 2014 - Robin posted on the energy aspects of this reaction, in
the context of Hagelstein tunneling:

25Mg + 25Mg => 26Mg + 24Mg + 3.763 MeV

"Furthermore the energy is divided over two nuclei of almost equal mass,
hence
each gets about half (1.9 MeV), so this could be a very clean reaction."

These hot ions would limit the continuity of the system if thermalized
locally. The practical problem is to capture the energy elsewhere and
avoid the heat locally. This could be accomp

Re: [Vo]:Magnetic magnesium

[Jones Beene]

Here is the cite for the original Hagelstein paper, ~ 24 years old:

http://www.newenergytimes.com/v2/library/1993/1993Hagelstein-Neutron-Transfer-Reactions-ICCF4.pdf

There are different versions of neutron "hopping" these days, but in the 
context of magnetic tunneling using NMR - as the medium to transfer 
neutrons, and the most favorable reaction:


25Mg + 25Mg => 26Mg + 24Mg + 3.763 MeV

The idea is not to use hydrogen or deuterium at all, but to apply the 
known NMR resonance to the metal, which is conductive so it can be 
applied direct from a circuit. For instance, imagine a magnetic solenoid 
in which a thin tube of magnesium isotope is held at cryogenic 
temperatures  which is oscillated at the NMR resonance, which would be 
about 6 MHz for a magnetic field strength of 2.3 Tesla.


One application would be as a thruster for aerospace. Hot ions are 
ejected from both ends of the tube when it is resonant along the axis of 
the solenoid. One vector can provide thrust and the other converts the 
ions to electricity to provide the resonance and cooling.

Re: [Vo]:Magnetic magnesium

[Axil Axil]

It is my belief that the magnetism injected into the nucleus disrupts the
superconductive state that confines the quarks in the protons and neutrons
within the nucleus. When these nucleons are disrupted, mesons are produced.

On Sun, Feb 5, 2017 at 1:00 PM,  wrote:

> Back to significant speculation..
>
>
>
> There are many other isotopes with  above non- 0 nuclear magnetic
> moments.   Most if not all have quasi stable states with differing spin and
> angular momentum.   The local B magnetic field affecting such an isotope
> modifies those states and will cause an alignment or polarization of the
> isotope with the that local B field.   With the correct resonant EM photons
> it is possible  to add energy to the nuclear structure.  When the EM input
> is turned off, the nuclear structure will decay back to a more stable
> state,  at differing rates depending upon the particular nuclear
> configuration.
>
>
>
> It has been my speculation that LENR is merely the transfer of spin energy
> and its angular momentum to the electronic part of the solid state
> structure making up a coherent—entangled—QM system.  Energy is conserved
> within the system during the change.
>
>
>
> Since energy has no specific priority within the coherent  system, except
> to increase kinetic energy at the expense of potential energy,  changes,
> including nuclear potential energy with  its characteristic specific
> structure, will occur under conditions within small uncertainties.
>
>
>
> These conditions reflect the Heisenberg uncertainty, spin quanta balances
> in integral amounts of h/2pie,  angular momentum conservation and total
> energy conservation.  Linear momentum remains zero and does not make the
> transition impossible.   However,  resonances are very critical to allow
> reductions in potential energy of the system considering uncertainties of
> particles’s  positions within the coherent system.
>
>
>
> The magnetic field is critical IMHO to change resonances and reduce
> uncertainty.   I also consider that charge must remain constant, although
> not necessarily 0, within the coherent system during the transition—LENR.
>
>
>
> If anyone can say how the Uncertainty Principle applies to knowledge of
> angular momentum—spin—such information is desirable.  It has been my
> speculation that knowledge of spin can be exact in terms of the quanta
> h/2pie.
>
>
>
> Bob Cook
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> *From: *Jones Beene 
> *Sent: *Sunday, February 5, 2017 8:42 AM
> *To: *Vortex List 
> *Subject: *[Vo]:Magnetic magnesium
>
>
>
>
>
> This post is about an important LENR candidate - and is meant to serve
>
> as a place-marker for future additions. It concerns the isotope of
>
> magnesium 25Mg, which is 10% of natural, called "magnetic magnesium"
>
> because of its nuclear spin and NMR properties. This isotope has come up
>
> before but AFAIK, no one is working with it now.
>
>
>
> The remainder of elemental magnesium, which is ~90% (24Mg and 26Mg) has
>
> zero nuclear spin or magnetic moment, making 25Mg easy to enrich from
>
> the chloride salt.  25Mg has high spin (5/2) and magnetic moment, which
>
> are of interest in biology, since magnesium is necessary for life.
>
>
>
> In the event that Hagelstein and W-L are accurate about "neutron
>
> hopping" this isotope becomes not only relevant but possibly a
>
> singularity in being the only practical isotope which can work because
>
> of its magnetic properties and ease of enrichment. Hagelstein has
>
> described a neutron tunneling reaction where neutrons seem to "hop"
>
> between nuclei, but always remain in a semi-bound state. Thus they are
>
> never free neutrons, and do not activate the surroundings. The neutron
>
> itself has a magnetic moment which is about twice that of 25Mg and this
>
> feature would be required for "magnetic tunneling" which is an added
>
> twist, so to speak, to the predecessor theories.
>
>
>
> Note: The influence of the neutron's magnetic moment is only apparent
>
> for for slow neutrons. Since the magnetic moment of the orbiting
>
> electron is 1000 times larger than that of a neutron, this kind of
>
> "hopping" probably only works in a very strong magnetic field alignment
>
> with a cold reactant. Thus the engineering problem.
>
>
>
> Back in 2014 - Robin posted on the energy aspects of this reaction, in
>
> the context of Hagelstein tunneling:
>
>
>
> 25Mg + 25Mg => 26Mg + 24Mg + 3.763 MeV
>
>
>
> "Furthermore the energy is divided over two nuclei of almost equal mass,
>
> hence
>
> each gets about half (1.9 MeV), so this could be a very clean reaction."
>
>
>
> These hot ions would limit the continuity of the system if thermalized
>
> locally. The practical problem is to capture the energy elsewhere and
>
> avoid the heat locally. This could be accomplished with a thin tube of
>
> 25Mg in a magnetic solenoid where the ions are immediately trapped in an
>
> axial field and ported away 

RE: [Vo]:Magnetic magnesium

[bobcook39923]

Back to significant speculation..  

There are many other isotopes with  above non- 0 nuclear magnetic moments.   
Most if not all have quasi stable states with differing spin and angular 
momentum.   The local B magnetic field affecting such an isotope modifies those 
states and will cause an alignment or polarization of the isotope with the that 
local B field.   With the correct resonant EM photons it is possible  to add 
energy to the nuclear structure.  When the EM input is turned off, the nuclear 
structure will decay back to a more stable state,  at differing rates depending 
upon the particular nuclear configuration.  

 It has been my speculation that LENR is merely the transfer of spin energy and 
its angular momentum to the electronic part of the solid state structure making 
up a coherent—entangled—QM system.  Energy is conserved within the system 
during the change.  

Since energy has no specific priority within the coherent  system, except to 
increase kinetic energy at the expense of potential energy,  changes, including 
nuclear potential energy with  its characteristic specific structure, will 
occur under conditions within small uncertainties.  

These conditions reflect the Heisenberg uncertainty, spin quanta balances in 
integral amounts of h/2pie,  angular momentum conservation and total energy 
conservation.  Linear momentum remains zero and does not make the transition 
impossible.   However,  resonances are very critical to allow reductions in 
potential energy of the system considering uncertainties of particles’s  
positions within the coherent system.

The magnetic field is critical IMHO to change resonances and reduce 
uncertainty.   I also consider that charge must remain constant, although not 
necessarily 0, within the coherent system during the transition—LENR.  

If anyone can say how the Uncertainty Principle applies to knowledge of angular 
momentum—spin—such information is desirable.  It has been my speculation that 
knowledge of spin can be exact in terms of the quanta h/2pie.   
 
Bob Cook






From: Jones Beene
Sent: Sunday, February 5, 2017 8:42 AM
To: Vortex List
Subject: [Vo]:Magnetic magnesium


This post is about an important LENR candidate - and is meant to serve 
as a place-marker for future additions. It concerns the isotope of 
magnesium 25Mg, which is 10% of natural, called "magnetic magnesium" 
because of its nuclear spin and NMR properties. This isotope has come up 
before but AFAIK, no one is working with it now.

The remainder of elemental magnesium, which is ~90% (24Mg and 26Mg) has 
zero nuclear spin or magnetic moment, making 25Mg easy to enrich from 
the chloride salt.  25Mg has high spin (5/2) and magnetic moment, which 
are of interest in biology, since magnesium is necessary for life.

In the event that Hagelstein and W-L are accurate about "neutron 
hopping" this isotope becomes not only relevant but possibly a 
singularity in being the only practical isotope which can work because 
of its magnetic properties and ease of enrichment. Hagelstein has 
described a neutron tunneling reaction where neutrons seem to "hop" 
between nuclei, but always remain in a semi-bound state. Thus they are 
never free neutrons, and do not activate the surroundings. The neutron 
itself has a magnetic moment which is about twice that of 25Mg and this 
feature would be required for "magnetic tunneling" which is an added 
twist, so to speak, to the predecessor theories.

Note: The influence of the neutron's magnetic moment is only apparent 
for for slow neutrons. Since the magnetic moment of the orbiting 
electron is 1000 times larger than that of a neutron, this kind of 
"hopping" probably only works in a very strong magnetic field alignment 
with a cold reactant. Thus the engineering problem.

Back in 2014 - Robin posted on the energy aspects of this reaction, in 
the context of Hagelstein tunneling:

25Mg + 25Mg => 26Mg + 24Mg + 3.763 MeV

"Furthermore the energy is divided over two nuclei of almost equal mass, 
hence
each gets about half (1.9 MeV), so this could be a very clean reaction."

These hot ions would limit the continuity of the system if thermalized 
locally. The practical problem is to capture the energy elsewhere and 
avoid the heat locally. This could be accomplished with a thin tube of 
25Mg in a magnetic solenoid where the ions are immediately trapped in an 
axial field and ported away from the reactant.

The magnetic aspect of the single magnesium isotope in neutron hopping 
was overlooked before now. However, it could be the most important 
detail for LENR since it provides a binding coupling which encourages 
neutron tunneling between larger nuclei. This will necessitate some 
revision of the underlying theory, perhaps, and can be called "magnetic 
tunneling" but it fits in with other emerging details about "magnetic 
magnesium".

Fortunately magnesium is the fourth most common element on earth and can 
be removed from sea water as an a ion which 

Re: [Vo]:Magnetic magnesium

[Axil Axil]

A neuron could be produced by proton fusion followed by a pion based
conversion of the proton to a neutron.

The proton fusion would come from muon catalyzed protium fusion with  24Mg
then a pion conversion of the proton to a neutron.

There seems to be a rule in LENR that produces reactions with even
isotopes. Odd isotopes are left alone. Magnetic energy is wasted in
exciting odd isotopes with nonzero spin thereby producing RF. In this way,
magnetism is degraded to RF as in NMR applications producing RF.

On Sun, Feb 5, 2017 at 11:42 AM, Jones Beene  wrote:

>
> This post is about an important LENR candidate - and is meant to serve as
> a place-marker for future additions. It concerns the isotope of magnesium
> 25Mg, which is 10% of natural, called "magnetic magnesium" because of its
> nuclear spin and NMR properties. This isotope has come up before but AFAIK,
> no one is working with it now.
>
> The remainder of elemental magnesium, which is ~90% (24Mg and 26Mg) has
> zero nuclear spin or magnetic moment, making 25Mg easy to enrich from the
> chloride salt.  25Mg has high spin (5/2) and magnetic moment, which are of
> interest in biology, since magnesium is necessary for life.
>
> In the event that Hagelstein and W-L are accurate about "neutron hopping"
> this isotope becomes not only relevant but possibly a singularity in being
> the only practical isotope which can work because of its magnetic
> properties and ease of enrichment. Hagelstein has described a neutron
> tunneling reaction where neutrons seem to "hop" between nuclei, but always
> remain in a semi-bound state. Thus they are never free neutrons, and do not
> activate the surroundings. The neutron itself has a magnetic moment which
> is about twice that of 25Mg and this feature would be required for
> "magnetic tunneling" which is an added twist, so to speak, to the
> predecessor theories.
>
> Note: The influence of the neutron's magnetic moment is only apparent for
> for slow neutrons. Since the magnetic moment of the orbiting electron is
> 1000 times larger than that of a neutron, this kind of "hopping" probably
> only works in a very strong magnetic field alignment with a cold reactant.
> Thus the engineering problem.
>
> Back in 2014 - Robin posted on the energy aspects of this reaction, in the
> context of Hagelstein tunneling:
>
> 25Mg + 25Mg => 26Mg + 24Mg + 3.763 MeV
>
> "Furthermore the energy is divided over two nuclei of almost equal mass,
> hence
> each gets about half (1.9 MeV), so this could be a very clean reaction."
>
> These hot ions would limit the continuity of the system if thermalized
> locally. The practical problem is to capture the energy elsewhere and avoid
> the heat locally. This could be accomplished with a thin tube of 25Mg in a
> magnetic solenoid where the ions are immediately trapped in an axial field
> and ported away from the reactant.
>
> The magnetic aspect of the single magnesium isotope in neutron hopping was
> overlooked before now. However, it could be the most important detail for
> LENR since it provides a binding coupling which encourages neutron
> tunneling between larger nuclei. This will necessitate some revision of the
> underlying theory, perhaps, and can be called "magnetic tunneling" but it
> fits in with other emerging details about "magnetic magnesium".
>
> Fortunately magnesium is the fourth most common element on earth and can
> be removed from sea water as an a ion which can be enriched at the same
> time it is being removed. The cost should be reasonable (for an enriched
> isotope), but natural magnesium probably will not work since the magnetic
> proportion is too small.
>
> More on this topic later.
> Ref in Vortex archive for Robin's thread:
> https://www.mail-archive.com/vortex-l@eskimo.com/msg98660.html
>
> Jones
>
>