Re: Explosive Antimony, What The Heck is Going On?
At 06:04 am 25-02-05 -0600, Sparber wrote: The 84,000 joule per gram Explosive Antimony output, in addition to the energy recovered by recombining the plated-out Antimony with the liberated Chlorine to get back Antimony Trichloride SbCl3, sure looks O/U, doesn't it? I feel sure this idea is worth pursuing. In fact I would go further and claim that crossing any phase boundary at constant pressure involves O/U. The situation can be modeled very simply by jamming a flexible plastic ruler between the two faces of a large steel G clamp so that the ruler takes on a curved shape. Pushing on the ruler will induce a state of compression in material of the relatively elastic ruler (compression strain energy) and a state of tension in the relatively stiff clamp (tension strain energy). If the ruler is pushed past the central position the tensile strain energy of the stiff abutment phase is explosively released into the ruler which whips across to mirror its starting position. The ruler material is being held together by one level of the Beta-atmosphere/Casimir/ZPE. The abutments or G frame is being held together by a deeper level of B/C/Z. All phase changes must involve this kind of two level instability. Interestingly enough, there was a discussion on one of the Groups (it might even have been Vortex) about some bloke who claimed to have found a mistake in the steam tables. As you might expect, the traditional deluge of scorn was poured over his claim - probably because it would have implied the non-conservation of conventional energy to their blinkered way of thinking. In fact, he was probably correct and simply observing the effect of harnessing some small degree of B/C/Z pressure. Cheers Frank Grimer
Re: Explosive Antimony, What The Heck is Going On?
Frank Grimer wrote: At 06:04 am 25-02-05 -0600, Sparber wrote: The 84,000 joule per gram Explosive Antimony output, in addition to the energy recovered by recombining the plated-out Antimony with the liberated Chlorine to get back Antimony Trichloride SbCl3, sure looks O/U, doesn't it? I feel sure this idea is worth pursuing. In fact I would go further and claim that crossing any phase boundary at constant pressure involves O/U. Things get kind of sticky, Frank, the Antimony Anode does not dissolve in HCL, but, Gore (No kin to Al?) used the a solution of soluble Antimony Trichloride in HCl aq : Gore (1855) found that if a current of electricity is passed through a solution of antimony trichloride in hydrochloric acid---using an antimony anode, and a platinum cathode---an amorphous powder of specific gravity of 5.78 is deposited on the cathode. As I posted this morning: My table of gram equivalents for Antimony (Atomic wt. 121.76) and Chlorine (Atomic wt.35.457) gives 1.514 grams deposited per ampere-hour for Antimony, and 1.323 grams per ampere-hour for Chlorine. Assuming 6.0 volts cell potential the input power would be 6.0 watts or 6.0 joules per second 0r 21,600 joule/hr for 1.514 grams of Antimony plated out, or 14,000 joule per plated-out gram. The 84,000 joule per gram Explosive Antimony output, in addition to the energy recovered by recombining the plated-out Antimony with the liberated Chlorine to get back Antimony Trichloride SbCl3, sure looks O/U, doesn't it? Thus there should always be Hydrogen liberated at the cathode that might embed in the reactive alpha-antimony ( 51Sb-121). This seems strikingly similar to some the reported O/U effects with hydrogen in 46Palladium-106 etc., in electrolysis experiments. Frederick The situation can be modeled very simply by jamming a flexible plastic ruler between the two faces of a large steel G clamp so that the ruler takes on a curved shape. Pushing on the ruler will induce a state of compression in material of the relatively elastic ruler (compression strain energy) and a state of tension in the relatively stiff clamp (tension strain energy). If the ruler is pushed past the central position the tensile strain energy of the stiff abutment phase is explosively released into the ruler which whips across to mirror its starting position. The ruler material is being held together by one level of the Beta-atmosphere/Casimir/ZPE. The abutments or G frame is being held together by a deeper level of B/C/Z. All phase changes must involve this kind of two level instability. Interestingly enough, there was a discussion on one of the Groups (it might even have been Vortex) about some bloke who claimed to have found a mistake in the steam tables. As you might expect, the traditional deluge of scorn was poured over his claim - probably because it would have implied the non-conservation of conventional energy to their blinkered way of thinking. In fact, he was probably correct and simply observing the effect of harnessing some small degree of B/C/Z pressure. Cheers Frank Grimer
Re: Explosive Antimony, What The Heck is Going On?
http://www.lateralscience.co.uk/Fluorine/exant.html http://www.lateralscience.co.uk/Fluorine/Sb.html " Yellow or alpha-antimony is formed when antimony hydride SbH3 is treated with ozonized O2 at - 90 C: 4 SbH3 + 3 O2 --- 4 Sb + 6 H2O. This passes to black antimony on exposure to light. It is not clear whether or not black antimony is an intermediate form between alpha and beta-antimony. The metastable variety is said to be made by the rapid cooling of antimony vapour. Under these conditions an amorphous black powder is obtained with a specific gravity 5.3. This variety slowly passes into rhombohedral antimony at 100 degrees and rapidly at 400 degrees Gore (1855) found that if a current of electricity is passed through a solution of antimony trichloride in hydrochloric acid---using an antimony anode, and a platinum cathode---an amorphous powder of specific gravity of 5.78 is deposited on the cathode. The cathode has the appearance of a smooth polished graphite rod. The deposit appears to be solid solution of antimony trichloride in metastable alpha-antimony. If this deposit be rubbed or scratched, an explosion occurs The explosion is attended by the allotropic transformation of then metastable or alpha-form of antimony into the stable beta-form or the rhombohedral variety, at the same time the temperature rises to about 250 degrees C, and 19,600 calories of heat are evolved per gram of antimony. Clouds of antimony trichloride are given off at the same time. Hence the term Explosive Antimony is given to a solid solution( 4 to 12 percent )of the trihalide in alpha-antimony." The heat of combustion of H2 + 1/2 O2 is 54,000 calories per mole (18 grams) , or 3.000 calories per gram The 19,600 calories per gram released by Explosive Antimony is over 6 times this. What role does Hydrogen play at the cathode, during electrolysis? LENR-CANR Connection? Hydrinos too? Frederick
Re: Explosive Antimony, What The Heck is Going On?
--- On Thu 02/24, Frederick Sparber [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Clouds of antimony trichloride are given off at the same time. Hence the term Explosive Antimony is given to a solid solution( 4 to 12 percent )of the trihalide in alpha-antimony. The heat of combustion of H2 + 1/2 O2 is 54,000 calories per mole (18 grams) , or 3.000 calories per gram. The 19,600 calories per gram released by Explosive Antimony is over 6 times this. What role does Hydrogen play at the cathode, during electrolysis? LENR-CANR Connection? Hydrinos too? Good question. Of course, we don't know if this is O/U as there is no data on the current used to deposit the antimony on the cathode. For those of you who read the stuff on the lateralscience site and are wondering what plumbago is, it's the archaic name for graphite. Antimony and it various allotropes have an interesting history. Making the Star Regulus of Antimony a stellated crytalline allotrope, was apparently a graduation project for alchemists before going on the the serious work of transmuting base metals into gold. Isaac Newton spent a lot of time messing around with this stuff. See: http://www.levity.com/alchemy/markh_1.html M. ___ Join Excite! - http://www.excite.com The most personalized portal on the Web!
RE: Explosive Antimony, What The Heck is Going On?
Hey Fred, That website you posted is very entertaining! I have a small collection of ancient chemistry and recipe books, always great fun to read. The exploding antimony thing was explained to me as being due to the energy stored in the electroforming process; but your speculation is provocative. I've never tried this experiment, can someone who has tell us the impedence relation so we can calculate the input energy? I suppose we could use 2 volts as an upper limit if the process is reasonably efficient, but I remember the guy who told me about this suggested that it took several days to build up a substantial quantity of the allotrope. From that I gather that the voltage very quickly gets over the water breakdown voltage? K. -Original Message- From: Frederick Sparber [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Thursday, February 24, 2005 5:02 AM To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Subject: Re: Explosive Antimony, What The Heck is Going On? http://www.lateralscience.co.uk/Fluorine/exant.html http://www.lateralscience.co.uk/Fluorine/Sb.html Yellow or alpha-antimony is formed when antimony hydride SbH3 is treated with ozonized O2 at - 90 C: 4 SbH3 + 3 O2 --- 4 Sb + 6 H2O. This passes to black antimony on exposure to light. It is not clear whether or not black antimony is an intermediate form between alpha and beta-antimony. The metastable variety is said to be made by the rapid cooling of antimony vapour. Under these conditions an amorphous black powder is obtained with a specific gravity 5.3. This variety slowly passes into rhombohedral antimony at 100 degrees and rapidly at 400 degrees Gore (1855) found that if a current of electricity is passed through a solution of antimony trichloride in hydrochloric acid---using an antimony anode, and a platinum cathode---an amorphous powder of specific gravity of 5.78 is deposited on the cathode. The cathode has the appearance of a smooth polished graphite rod. The deposit appears to be solid solution of antimony trichloride in metastable alpha-antimony. If this deposit be rubbed or scratched, an explosion occurs The explosion is attended by the allotropic transformation of then metastable or alpha-form of antimony into the stable beta-form or the rhombohedral variety, at the same time the temperature rises to about 250 degrees C, and 19,600 calories of heat are evolved per gram of antimony. Clouds of antimony trichloride are given off at the same time. Hence the term Explosive Antimony is given to a solid solution( 4 to 12 percent ) of the trihalide in alpha-antimony. The heat of combustion of H2 + 1/2 O2 is 54,000 calories per mole (18 grams) , or 3.000 calories per gram The 19,600 calories per gram released by Explosive Antimony is over 6 times this. What role does Hydrogen play at the cathode, during electrolysis? LENR-CANR Connection? Hydrinos too? Frederick
