Thanks a lot this worked nice.
It it possible also in ggplot2 to add a small figure? Let's say that I want to
have somewhere in the plot the value of r printed.
How can I do that with ggplot 2?
Regards
Alex
--- On Tue, 5/10/11, Dennis Murphy djmu...@gmail.com wrote:
From: Dennis Murphy
Dear all,
this is probably more a statistics question than an R question but probably
there is somebody who can help me nevertheless.
I'm running a regression with four predictors (a, b, c, d) and all their
interaction effects using lm. Based on theory I assume that a influences y
positively. In
Hello, dear R community.
The thing is that I am not in the least a developer, neither do I want to
create a package of my own.
But recently I have found a package LogicForest, which is in the base
written in Fortran I think. And well,
in its manual it is written that there are several parameters
Hello all,
This question concerns the function Dotplot from the Hmisc package.
My aim is to compare values between groups in each panel of the
Dotplot, with the values of different groups clearly distinguishable
by different symbols. All lines and symbols should be coloured in
black.
Before
Hi
I got a string that looks like this:
string-a b c d e f
And what I wanna do is loop trough all the letters.
like
for(i in string){
print(i)
}
would render the result:
a
b
c
d
e
f
Ive tried using strsplit but without result, dose anyone know how I could
make this happen?
//Joel
--
View
1. Upgrade to a recent version of R.
2. download the whole source package and untar it
3. change the files
4. R CMD build it
5. R CMD INSTALL it
For more details see the manual R Installation and Administration as
well as Writing R Extensions if the Fortran changes are not trivial or
you need
On 11.05.2011 11:12, Joel wrote:
Hi
I got a string that looks like this:
string-a b c d e f
And what I wanna do is loop trough all the letters.
like
for(i in string){
print(i)
}
would render the result:
a
b
c
d
e
f
Ive tried using strsplit but without result, dose anyone know how I
This is no homework, Im just trying to learn R but sorry for wasting your
time you all mighty God of R Uwe Ligges.
And if this is not a forum to ask simple questions can you please redirect
me to where I might get help?
//Joel
--
View this message in context:
Hi Joel,
This looks so much like homework I would give studens that I'm not
surprised Uwe jumped to conclusions...
ontopic:
You did not specify your earlier attempts, just that they failed. This
makes it hard for us to judge what went wrong. Using strsplit I would do:
string-a b c d e f
# The
Thx
Paul
My string aint that simple its just that if it works for this simple example
it will work for my string therefor I just used the a b c d e f syntax.
--
View this message in context:
http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Loop-over-a-split-string-tp3514204p3514252.html
Sent from the R help
On May 11, 2011, at 11:35 , Joel wrote:
Thx
Paul
My string aint that simple its just that if it works for this simple example
it will work for my string therefor I just used the a b c d e f syntax.
strsplit(string, )
[[1]]
[1] a b c d e f
strsplit(string, )[[1]]
[1] a b c d e f
Hi,
I need to build a function to generate one column for each level of a factor
in the model matrix created on an arbitrary formula (instead of using the
available contrasts options such as contr.treatment, contr.SAS, etc).
My approach to this was first to use the built-in function for
On 2011-05-11 02:11, E Hofstadler wrote:
Hello all,
This question concerns the function Dotplot from the Hmisc package.
My aim is to compare values between groups in each panel of the
Dotplot, with the values of different groups clearly distinguishable
by different symbols. All lines and
I don't know of any R package that can match all the functionality of LEM
eg fitting equality constraints to model parameters a la LISREL.
WRT dumping tables, I would have thought that as.data.frame.table does
pretty much what you want, [not tested]
newtab - as.data.frame(table(a,b,c))
Hi Katie,
On Tue, May 10, 2011 at 4:51 PM, Songer, Katherine B - DNR
katherine.son...@wisconsin.gov wrote:
Hello R experts,
I've used metaMDS to run NMDS on some fish abundance data, and am also
working on correlating environmental data to the NMDS coordinates. I'm fairly
new to metaMDS
All,
I am wondering how one might add a reference line or plane to a cloud or
wireframe plot. I have been unable to figure this out. Let's say I would
like to draw a reference for some value of wt in the example below:
cl - 54.1
age - 10:80
wt - 25:160
sim - expand.grid(age = age,wt
On May 11, 2011, at 12:51 , Lars Bishop wrote:
Hi,
I need to build a function to generate one column for each level of a factor
in the model matrix created on an arbitrary formula (instead of using the
available contrasts options such as contr.treatment, contr.SAS, etc).
My approach to
On 11/05/2011 7:12 AM, Riley, Steve wrote:
All,
I am wondering how one might add a reference line or plane to a cloud or
wireframe plot. I have been unable to figure this out. Let's say I would
like to draw a reference for some value of wt in the example below:
cl- 54.1
age- 10:80
wt-
On Wed, 11 May 2011, Uwe Ligges wrote:
1. Upgrade to a recent version of R.
2. download the whole source package and untar it
3. change the files
4. R CMD build it
5. R CMD INSTALL it
For more details see the manual R Installation and Administration as well as
Writing R Extensions if the
Dear list,
is it just me or is everybody experiencing this?
Since the upgrade to R 2.13.0 on my Mac (OS X 10.6.7, R GUI 1.40 (5751)) the
highlighting of matching parantheses doesn't work the way it used to. It
doesn't highlight the matching parantheses while typing, but it still does
while
depmixS4 can fit equality constraints in latent class and latent markov
models, best, Ingmar
On Wed, May 11, 2011 at 1:04 PM, David Duffy dav...@qimr.edu.au wrote:
I don't know of any R package that can match all the functionality of LEM
eg fitting equality constraints to model parameters a la
Hi Y'all,
I am using the text mining package (tm). I am trying to filter out all of the
words in a Term Document Matrix that are not in a list of words that I am
interested in. I am using the following code:
z-tm_intersect(txt.dtm, c(communications, safety, climate, blood,
surface,
Thanks for the info. It would be nice to transition LEM to R (make it a
package), but I don't know how much work that would take. It's not updated
anymore and as far as I know it's not open source. Perhaps Vermunt would be
open to share his code. In R it's just a question of finding the right
Thanks, I will definitely give it a try.
David J
Date: Wed, 11 May 2011 21:04:23 +1000
From: dav...@qimr.edu.au
To: r-help@r-project.org
CC: jo...@hotmail.com
Subject: Re: [R] Vermunt's LEM in R
I don't know of any R package that can match all the functionality of LEM
eg fitting
Thanks, I have looked at this package but I am still trying to understand some
of the features. It looks interesting, though.
David J
Date: Wed, 11 May 2011 15:05:32 +0200
From: i.vis...@uva.nl
To: dav...@qimr.edu.au
CC: r-help@r-project.org
Subject: Re: [R] Vermunt's LEM in R
depmixS4
On May 11, 2011, at 4:26 AM, Michael Haenlein wrote:
Dear all,
this is probably more a statistics question than an R question but
probably
there is somebody who can help me nevertheless.
I'm running a regression with four predictors (a, b, c, d) and all
their
interaction effects using
Hello Esther,
you left out the ellipsis argument (...) to the panel function.
That argument serves a placeholder for the rest of the parameters
you did not want to name and pass explicitely. If you don't pass the
ellipsis to panel.Dotplot, all unnamed parameters will get default
values. You can
Hello R-help,
Is there a way to get R to tell you the coefficients in a lm that it
wouldn't normally tell you because of identifiability constraints? For
instance, if you use contr.sum() to generate contrasts for a factor, say
## y - some data
## x - a factor with levels 1:6
contrasts(x) -
Hi
I have dataframe with different plot numbers in and different subplots as
letters at the end of the plot number i.e. 1a, 1b 2-1a etc.
I want to delete all rows that end in a specific letter eg...
treat-c(1a,1b,1c,2a,2b,2c,2-1a,2-1b,2-1c)
a1-1:9
b1-9:1
d1-data.frame(treat,a1,b1)
How do I
Ive been given an normal distribution, and have calculated the maximum
likelihood function. I need to repeat this experiment 50 times, and 200
times, and plot the results in two histograms and compare them.
I need to create a code to repeat this experiment. How do i go about doing
this? Thanks
On May 11, 2011, at 7:55 AM, chris20 wrote:
Hi
I have dataframe with different plot numbers in and different
subplots as
letters at the end of the plot number i.e. 1a, 1b 2-1a etc.
I want to delete all rows that end in a specific letter eg...
treat-c(1a,1b,1c,2a,2b,2c,2-1a,2-1b,2-1c)
On May 11, 2011, at 10:01 AM, David Winsemius wrote:
On May 11, 2011, at 7:55 AM, chris20 wrote:
Hi
I have dataframe with different plot numbers in and different
subplots as
letters at the end of the plot number i.e. 1a, 1b 2-1a etc.
I want to delete all rows that end in a specific
On May 11, 2011, at 9:28 AM, NUFC09 wrote:
Ive been given an normal distribution, and have calculated the maximum
likelihood function. I need to repeat this experiment 50 times, and
200
times, and plot the results in two histograms and compare them.
I need to create a code to repeat this
Dear R-helpers,
I am using R x64 and when I want to load the tcltk library, it gives
me the following error:
Loading Tcl/Tk interface ...Error : .onLoad failed in loadNamespace()
for 'tcltk', details:
call: inDL(x, as.logical(local), as.logical(now), ...)
error: unable to load shared object
This question is probably more appropriate for R-sig-mac
(https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-sig-mac).
Best,
Ista
On Wed, May 11, 2011 at 8:45 AM, Sascha Wolfer
sas...@cognition.uni-freiburg.de wrote:
Dear list,
is it just me or is everybody experiencing this?
Since the upgrade to R
On Tue, May 10, 2011 at 10:17 AM, Sulochan Dhungel
sulochandhun...@gmail.com wrote:
Hi Dave,
I asked for the climate group for one particular day's data so that I could
match it up with the data I got from the codes for the same day. It did not
match. So I knew it was not working. Also time
Hi:
Here's a slight modification of the earlier code .
plot_shad - function(d, r, dtxt) {
require('ggplot2')
plotdata - melt(d)
names(plotdata)-c('x','y','z')
xc - mean(range(plotdata$x))
yc - mean(range(plotdata$y))
theta - seq(-pi, pi, length = 200)
circ - data.frame(xv = xc + r
I am new to R and use nnetTs - calls.
If a time series of let's say 8 Datapoints and did call nnetTs I want
make a new net
for the old ponts plus the next 1000 points (81000 datapoints total) what
would again
cost much calculation time.
So I want to pre-init the new net with the former wonnen
Please read the first two paragraphs of Details from ?formula
Ok, I just did.
So, If I understand this properly, the term Plot*Day would include both the
main effects of a and b and their second order interactions. So it could be
written Plot + Day + Plot:Day.
The term Plot:Day includes only
Hello,
Myself Rugma Gopakumar.I would like to know how to add a legend to
a heatmap..
Regards,
Rugma Gopakumar.
[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
__
R-help@r-project.org mailing list
https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
Excellant! Thanks both for your replies. I've never used grep, I do use
negative indexing but usually:
-which(. %in%
--
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http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/deleting-rows-containing-a-letter-tp3514473p3514829.html
Sent from the R help mailing list archive at
Dear all,
I am trying to run the function lambdaSets using the package RBGL.
This package uses another package graph which has been removed from
the CRAN repository, but is available at the archive
(http://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/graph/).
I installed the package from the R menu at
I have a follow up question. When using svyglm, it does not matter that I am
not using survey design and only weights?
In other words,
fit-svyglm(y~x1+x2+...xk,data=dataset,weights=weightvariable)
Or am I going to have to construct a survey design variable, using only the
weight variable?
Dear all,
The latest R version available for Red Hat Linux is 2.10 (from November
2009), whereas the latest version available for Debian, Suse or Ubuntu Linux
is 2.13 (from May 2011).
Has someone some information about the development/release of new R versions
for Red Hat?
Thank you in
I'm trying to use ddply to compute summary statistics for many variables
splitting on the variable site. however, it seems to work fine for mean() but
if i use max() or min() things fall apart. whats going on?
test.set-data.frame(site=1:10,x=.Random.seed[1:100],y=rnorm(100))
Hi,
I am a brand new user of R and I am trying to use the gam procedure with the
package mgcv. I did a bit of my homework by consulting the R-manual, as well as
the mgcv manual written by Simon Wood. I admit it was just a few hours, but
what I am trying to do is really basic. Essentially, what
Hi, I'm trying to upload two CSV files into R, and I'm having some trouble.
I've used the instructions I've found on the Web, but they haven't helped so
far. I'm worried this could be because I'm using a Mac.
The two data sets are here:
On 11.05.2011 17:12, Marta Avalos wrote:
Dear all,
The latest R version available for Red Hat Linux is 2.10 (from November
2009), whereas the latest version available for Debian, Suse or Ubuntu Linux
is 2.13 (from May 2011).
Has someone some information about the development/release of new R
On May 11, 2011, at 10:12 AM, Marta Avalos wrote:
Dear all,
The latest R version available for Red Hat Linux is 2.10 (from November
2009), whereas the latest version available for Debian, Suse or Ubuntu Linux
is 2.13 (from May 2011).
Has someone some information about the
On 11.05.2011 17:22, Zsolt Macskasi wrote:
Hi,
I am a brand new user of R and I am trying to use the gam procedure with the
package mgcv. I did a bit of my homework by consulting the R-manual, as well as
the mgcv manual written by Simon Wood. I admit it was just a few hours, but
what I am
See ?legend and
PLEASE do read the posting guide
http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented,
minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Uwe Ligges
On 11.05.2011 16:23, rugma gopakumar wrote:
Hello,
Myself Rugma Gopakumar.I would like to know how to add
On 11.05.2011 16:51, joe j wrote:
Dear all,
I am trying to run the function lambdaSets using the package RBGL.
This package uses another package graph which has been removed from
the CRAN repository, but is available at the archive
(http://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/graph/).
On 11/05/2011 10:51 AM, joe j wrote:
Dear all,
I am trying to run the function lambdaSets using the package RBGL.
This package uses another package graph which has been removed from
the CRAN repository, but is available at the archive
(http://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/graph/).
I
How about this:
ddply(test.set, .(site), colwise(max))
On Wednesday, May 11, 2011 at 11:46 AM, Justin wrote:
test.set-data.frame(site=1:10,x=.Random.seed[1:100],y=rnorm(100))
means-ddply(test.set,.(site),mean)
means
[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
On May 11, 2011, at 18:54 , Me wrote:
Hi, I'm trying to upload two CSV files into R,
What kind of misconception leads you to consider a simple read operation as an
upload, I wonder.
and I'm having some trouble.
I've used the instructions I've found on the Web, but they haven't helped so
On May 11, 2011, at 12:54 PM, Me wrote:
Hi, I'm trying to upload two CSV files into R,
Those are not csv files. They are webpages with query interfaces. They
present the option of downloading the data as zipped files in various
formats.
and I'm having some trouble.
I've used the
Scott Chamberlain scttchamberlain4 at gmail.com writes:
How about this:
ddply(test.set, .(site), colwise(max))
On Wednesday, May 11, 2011 at 11:46 AM, Justin wrote:
test.set-data.frame(site=1:10,x=.Random.seed[1:100],y=rnorm(100))
means-ddply(test.set,.(site),mean)
means
Hello List,
I am trying to implement a hierarchical cluster using the hclust method
agglomerative single linkage method with a small wrinkle. I would like to
cluster a set of numbers on a number line only if they are within a distance
of 500. I would then like to print out the members of this
Hi:
Try this:
test.set-data.frame(site=1:10,x=.Random.seed[1:100],y=rnorm(100))
str(test.set)
'data.frame': 100 obs. of 3 variables:
$ site: int 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
$ x : int 403 10 -74327032 10380982 -951011855 1368411171
-390937486 -1081698620 -812257145 -1354214307 ...
$ y :
That's beyond my knowledge of plyr...S
On Wednesday, May 11, 2011 at 12:31 PM, Justin wrote:
Scott Chamberlain scttchamberlain4 at gmail.com writes:
How about this:
ddply(test.set, .(site), colwise(max))
On Wednesday, May 11, 2011 at 11:46 AM, Justin wrote:
On Wed, May 11, 2011 at 10:12 AM, rna seq rna.see...@gmail.com wrote:
Hello List,
I am trying to implement a hierarchical cluster using the hclust method
agglomerative single linkage method with a small wrinkle. I would like to
cluster a set of numbers on a number line only if they are within
Thats the ticket! So mean is already set up to operate on columns but max and
min are not? I guess its not too important now I know ... but whats going on
in
the background that makes that happen?
Basically, this:
mean.data.frame
function (x, ...)
sapply(x, mean, ...)
environment:
Hello All,
I have 2 matrices consisting of the same inputs, but having different
outputs. I created a heatmap for both of them; the point is to compare them
side by side. The best way to organize the inputs is to make sure that the
order of the inputs are the same for both heatmaps. How would I
Or alternatively (though very similar to Peter's idea) you can do
ci - contrasts
formals(ci)$contrasts - FALSE
dd - data.frame(a = gl(3,4), b = gl(4,1,12))
mm - model.matrix(~ a + b, dd, contrasts = list(a=ci(dd$a),
b=ci(dd$b)))
Best,
Leo.
-Original Message-
From:
On Thu, May 12, 2011 at 2:43 AM, jour4life jour4l...@gmail.com wrote:
I have a follow up question. When using svyglm, it does not matter that I am
not using survey design and only weights?
In other words,
fit-svyglm(y~x1+x2+...xk,data=dataset,weights=weightvariable)
Or am I going to have to
That worked perfectly. Thanks!
- Elliot
On Mon, May 09, 2011 at 12:20:36AM +0530, Deepayan Sarkar wrote:
On Fri, May 6, 2011 at 9:24 PM, Elliot Joel Bernstein
elliot.bernst...@fdopartners.com wrote:
I'm trying to create an xyplot with a groups argument where the y-variable
is the cumsum of
Dear all,
I need to maximize the v:
v= D' W D
D is a column vector ( n , 1)
W is a given matrix (n, n)
subject to:
sum D= 1
(BTW, n is less than 300)
I´ve tried to use maxBFGS, as follows:
#
objectiveFunction-function(x)
{
return(t(D)%*%W%*%D)
}
Just to add to what David already said, you might want to look at the
Predict.Plot and TkPredict functions in the TeachingDemos package for a simple
interface for visualizing predicted values in regression models.
These plots are much more informative than a single number trying to capture
Look at the dummy.coef function.
--
Gregory (Greg) L. Snow Ph.D.
Statistical Data Center
Intermountain Healthcare
greg.s...@imail.org
801.408.8111
-Original Message-
From: r-help-boun...@r-project.org [mailto:r-help-bounces@r-
project.org] On Behalf Of James Lawrence
Sent:
Matrices just *are* . They don't have inputs or outputs. Can you
provide an example of what you are trying to do?
Quote
From: Dat Mai dat.d.mai_at_gmail.com
Date: Wed, 11 May 2011 19:43:23 +
Hello All,
I have 2 matrices consisting of the same inputs, but having different
outputs. I
Dear expeRts,
is it possible to carry out calculations between different foreach() calls?
As for nested loops, you want to carry out calcuations not depending on the
inner
loop only once and not for each iteration of the innermost loop.
Cheers,
Marius
library(foreach)
foreach(i=1:3) %:%
Hi,
I am using read.table to get this data that has a timestamp. The data is
for many days, but I only want to run the code I wrote only for specific
day/days/times. I can´t figure out how to select a timeframe from the
list.
I have tried using subset() and didn't work
I then used:
*
Hello gentlemen,
This is a great discussion. Thank you all for providing useful answers.
I am also new to R, was working mostly with SAS before, and have a question
regarding passing arguments to R functions that are wrapped in quotes.
Using the previous example:
getSymbols(tickers,
Dear all,
Does anyone know how to make a line feed automatically based on the width of
console window? For example, when you cat() a long character string just
like this:
cat(Seminar series is an opportunity for students to learn about ongoing
researches in the field of mathematics, computer
Hi,
I am using mtext instead of the ylab argument in some plots because i
want to move it away from the numbers in the axis. However, the text
in the X axis,
for example:
par(mar=c(5, 5.5, 4, 2));
plot(data, main=plot name, xlab= 'X axis', ylab=,
font=2, cex.lab=1.5,
Thank you very much Dan, Uwe and Duncan. First suggestion by Dan
itself worked so I didn't have to try the other ones. But those
suggestions and comments are of much value and are appreciated.
Regards,
Joe
On Wed, May 11, 2011 at 7:14 PM, Duncan Murdoch
murdoch.dun...@gmail.com wrote:
On
You can order each matrix by any column you choose like:
a-matrix(rnorm(20),ncol=2)
a[order(a[,1]),] #orders by column 1
[,1] [,2]
[1,] -1.86523489 -1.6920270
[2,] -0.94488744 0.2815087
[3,] 0.02380494 0.2491136
[4,] 0.37295795 0.8156993
[5,] 0.55533366 -0.7053233
On 11/05/2011 4:46 PM, Lisa wrote:
Dear all,
Does anyone know how to make a line feed automatically based on the width of
console window? For example, when you cat() a long character string just
like this:
You can use the strwrap() function to insert line breaks. If it's not
under your
I second Marc on this. I just installed R2.12.2 on my linux box running RHEL.
Now I also see R2.13.0 available by typing yum info R.
...Tao
- Original Message
From: Marc Schwartz marc_schwa...@me.com
To: Marta Avalos marta.ava...@isped.u-bordeaux2.fr
Cc: r-help@r-project.org
Not to rehash an old statistical argument, but I think David's reply
here is too strong (In the presence of interactions there is little
point in attempting to assign meaning to individual coefficients.).
As David notes, the simple effect of your coefficients (e.g., a) has
an interpretation: it is
Hi all,
I found that the two different versions of survival packages, namely 2.36-5
vs. 2.36-8 or later, give different results for coxph function. Please see
below and the data is attached. The second one was done on Linux, but Windows
gave the same results. Could you please let me know
Try something similar to this:
## unchanged
full - read.table(March_15.dat, sep=,,row.names=NULL,
as.is=TRUE,skip=1,header=TRUE)
## then convert TIMESTAMP to a date-time class
full$TIMESTAMP - as.POSIXct(full$TIMESTAMP)
## now you can use subset()
atimeframe - subset(full,
TIMESTAMP =
How would I go about customising the font -- colour and size -- of the
font used in portfolio's map.market function? The existing fonts are a
bit small, when embedded into a PDF using Sweave generated latex. Many
thanks!
--
Sent from my mobile device
Envoyait de mon telephone mobil
On May 11, 2011, at 6:26 PM, Matthew Keller wrote:
Not to rehash an old statistical argument, but I think David's reply
here is too strong (In the presence of interactions there is little
point in attempting to assign meaning to individual coefficients.).
As David notes, the simple effect of
Depends on what you want to do with the date. If it is a character
string, then just quote it:
flex(xx-xx-,xx-xx-)
If you want it as a Date or POSIXct object, then convert it:
flex(as.Date('2011-05-01), as.Date('2011;05-31))
It all depends on how you are using it in your custom
Thanks so much. I really appreciate it.
Carlos
On 5/11/2011 3:18 PM, Thomas Lumley-2 [via R] wrote:
On Thu, May 12, 2011 at 2:43 AM, jour4life [hidden email]
/user/SendEmail.jtp?type=nodenode=3515742i=0 wrote:
I have a follow up question. When using svyglm, it does not matter
that I am
Hi all -
I am NEW to R and NEW to any type of programming. I am making heatmaps
using the heatmap.2 function within gplots package. At present, when the
heatmap is plotted it uses the row identifiers as 1,2,3,4...etc. However, I
much rather use my own labels. I was told my another well-versed
I am also trying to fit data to a beta distribution.
In Ang and Tang, Probability Concepts in Engineering, 2nd Ed., page 127-9,
they describe a variant of a beta distribution with additional parameters
than the standard beta distribution, enabling specification of a max and min
value other than
Hi, Duncan,
On your and William Dunlap’s suggestion, I tried this:
cat(sep=\n, strwrap(my long character string)),
and it works very well. Thanks so much for your help.
Lisa
--
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Dear Anonymous/Lindsey Nielsen(?):
While it would not be hard to answer your questions, given your
admitted lack of programming or R experience, approaching your
ignorance piecemeal in this fashion does not seem to be a sensible way
to learn either. Instead, please start by reading the
On Wed, 11 May 2011, George Locke wrote:
Hi,
I am using mtext instead of the ylab argument in some plots because i
want to move it away from the numbers in the axis. However, the text
in the X axis,
for example:
par(mar=c(5, 5.5, 4, 2));
plot(data, main=plot name, xlab= 'X axis',
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