On Tuesday, December 28, 2010 2:34 Jones Beene said "The key leap of faith for Casimir heating is *asymmetry* in a narrow range that operates via access the Dirac epo field." I would call it a small logical step and not a leap - We know reactors like those used by BLP and others heat hydrogen into disassociating and we know nature wants them to re-associate almost immediately such that your "asymmetry" only becomes a control issue of organizing the migration of these atoms according to bond state relative to the suppression gradient . According to Turtur "If the electrons (which are supplied with zero-point-energy by nature in order to keep their orbits) can be oversupplied with zero-point-energy, it would be imaginable that they might be lifted into an excited state (an energy level above the ground state), from where they lose their covalent bonding" - Turtur is saying the same thing I have been positing that you can discount the energy needed to disassociate a covalent bond by the random motion of h2 relative to changing Casimir geometry. He also recognizes the importance of PWM schemes in these devices - I think there is an efficiency window where you need to cash in your discount on disassociation or the ZPE will simply repel the covalent bonds pushing h2 back into a geometry with less opposition - the PWM rapidly drives these bonds over the disassociation threshold before the molecule can equalize. The energy to circulate gas is equivalent to pushing a drill into a piece of wood while the rotation of the drill bit is equivalent to the random motion of gas supplied by HUP/ZPE. Regards Fran
From: Jones Beene [mailto:jone...@pacbell.net] Sent: Tuesday, December 28, 2010 2:34 PM To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Subject: EXTERNAL: [Vo]:How to go from force to energy - Casimir heating or cooling I've been thinking further about how it might be possible to go from a force (pressure) to continuous energy via Casimir geometry. Normally, any force like gravity or inertia is a one-way street, unless there is a disconnect in the overall symmetry which can be exploited by a rapid transaction rate. It can be positive or negative. http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20827893.500-how-to-create-temperatures-below-absolute-zero.html Fran Roarty has explored the possibilities of time distortion and relativistic effects, so I will not repeat that, but it could be related. Here is another slant. The force must be applied via rapidly sequential phase changes using an intermediary (like pycno-hydrogen) so that thermodynamically, the system acts like a see-saw or pump around a certain threshold temperature. It does this because the intermediary can "be" either a fermion or a composite boson, depending on "compreture." As a composite boson, monatomic hydrogen can act as an "energy carrier" for a characteristic value of ZPE. A few months ago, Claus Turtur republished his expanded ZPE hypothesis that includes numerous improvements over what we saw two years ago, including the formula at the end of section 9, which emphasizes the importance of 6.8 eV. Unfortunately, Turtur still does not have the precise rationale for this value - i.e. the Dirac epo field and the ionization potential of positronium. He does have some interesting insight on other points. Anyway, it is clear that Casimir heating can serve as a valid alternative explanation for LENR heat - even when radiation shows up, eventually. This point needs further attention, as it is not obvious. As an alternative to LENR, Casimir heating 'implies' but does not explain how nuclear reactions or transmutations (which admittedly can show up) happen in these materials, usually in the form of a weak force reaction. The key point is that nuclear reactions are a secondary QM EFFECT and by-product of prior energy depletion in a time-reversed situation, instead of being the prime CAUSE of the excess heat. Any transmutation will presume the lowest energy available type of nuclear transition - a weak force reaction. This is the rationale for delayed radiation and/or transmutation - in those excess energy reactions that run long enough: the nuclear reaction is a QM "book-balancing effect. And let's make it clear that this is completely different from the W-L version of a weak-force modality involving a bogus 'ultra low momentum neutron'. There is simply no such species. This line of reasoning (time-reversed QM reactions) has been proposed by myself and others for years as being the underlying reason why radiation and neutrons are seldom seen in LENR; but first came up with regard to an alternative explanation to Mills/BLP (which can also be seen as a Casimir heating situation). There is a relic of the reaction in ultraviolet radiation due to the relationship of the fine structure constant and the epo field (which is based on 6.8 eV I.P. of positronium, and NOT on the 27.2 eV level). One of the earliest references to Casimir heating is a mathematical model, "Phase transitions induced by the Aharonov-Bohm field" by Krive al. of Kharkov State University in the former USSR, which came out about the same time as the P&F announcement. Too bad Turtur is unaware of this work as there is some similar math which seems to fit the circumstances. In that study, the influence of the Aharonov-Bohm (A-B) flux causes oscillations; but these are ZPE-like quantum fluctuations and are accompanied by sequential energetic phase transitions (i.e. repeated transitions between the ordered and the disordered phases at the nano-level). The key leap of faith for Casimir heating is *asymmetry* in a narrow range that operates via access the Dirac epo field. Obviously, if you put a piece of nickel in a hydraulic press and take it to near failure, it heats up. It would cool on relieving the pressure, but the Casimir can be engineered into a dimensional range via the introduction of a "medium" such as densified spillover hydrogen. There can both anomalous heating OR anomalous cooling, in the same way that the Casimir can be either attractive or repulsive, dependent on slight geometrical variations. The "near mechanical failure" of the host matrix could be an important criterion, since it relates stress to strain, but the forces do not need to be externally applied. Surely, the same kinds of stress and strain can also occur with internal loading, since the effective pressure of the Casimir - at as it turns out is almost identical to Young's modulus of metals like Pd and Ni, etc. Many ceramics are actually higher. I should credit Frank Grimer for coming up with that connection a few years ago. In a nutshell, small changes in internal stress as it relates to compressive strain could provide continuous heating due to quantum fluctuations which are a well-known feature of these cavities. When the medium is fermion-like, it releases energy, but when it is boson-like it absorbs "negative" energy in 6.8 eV quanta. Given the Casimir attractive force relationship: Casimir force = pi^2 h_bar area / (240 a^4), pressure can be computed: Casimir Pressure = force/area = pi^2 h_bar / (240 a^4) where: vc = 3.00^10 cm/sec h_bar = 1.05457^-27 erg sec a = distance between plates Now assume the dimension 'a' is at the nano level at the low end of the FRET resonant transfer: nm dyne/cm^2 psi 1.00 1.30E+14 1.89E+09 2.00 8.13E+12 1.18E+08 3.00 1.61E+12 2.33E+07 4.00 5.08E+11 7.37E+06 5.00 2.08E+11 3.02E+06 These are Frank's numbers and they appear to be correct. There are huge pressure swings in this range, as you can see. The calculated pressure at a few nm is on the order of Young's modulus for materials such as steel (~29,000,000 psi). But Young's modulus is a change in force per area over change in length. This change in length is not in the stated Casimir Effect relationship, but perhaps it should be - since the vibrational mode could also be in nm, and should be is more than enough to add substantial heat via pressure changes, if there is asymmetry at say - one nm of excursion due to quantum fluctuations. In the table above, it looks like the range between 2 and 4 nm would repeatedly push any metal and most ceramics to near failure. Now take a look at the nanopowder experiments which have been fostered by Arata-Zhang. Most of them include a ceramic with nano-sized inclusions. A major and previously unrecognized reason for the ceramic could be related to the ease of formation of Casimir cavities on repeated cycling of heat. ZrO2 has a monoclinic crystal structure at room temperature but transitions to tetragonal at increasing temperature. The volume expansion caused by the phase-change induces massive internal stress, and will certainly cause ZrO2 to nano-fracture, on cooling. Thus the advantage of repeated heating and cooling: Casimir cavities to hold spillover so that it can become densified. Therefore the ceramic can serve three distinct purposes - both as the needed dielectric for spillover - but also (with phase changes) there is natural Casimir cavity formation, and third using quantum fluctuation in those cavities (and/or time distortion) in order to force the dense (pycno) state. Jones
