I will post an interpretation of experiments involving exploding foils in water that show nuclear fission of uranium 238 far removed the site of the spark.
This indicates to me that the cause of this fission is an electromagnetic pulse produced by polaritons created by the spark. References: http://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/LochakGlowenergyn.pdf Low-energy nuclear reactions and the leptonic monopole http://aflb.ensmp.fr/AFLB-301/aflb301m182.pdf Experimental observation of the distortion of the uranium isotopic relationship and violation of the thorium- 234 secular equilibrium upon electric explosion The LENR reaction happens at a distance from the NAE. Here is the pertinent excerpt from the first referenced paper *In order to complete the story of transformation, we should consider this problem: where does the transformation take place, either throughout the whole space of the explosion chamber or only in the plasma channel? To answer this question, we carried out experiments with uranium salts (uranyl sulfate, UO2SO4) [3]. * *The idea of the experiment was as follows. The plasma channel has a small volume with respect to the volume of the whole chamber. Thus, if some salt of a metal having several isotopes is added to bidistilled water, the number of admixture atoms from the solution that get to the plasma channel would be small compared to the number of Ti atoms. It is clear that recording of the isotope shift of admixture atoms would indicate that transformation takes place throughout the whole bulk of the chamber. As this metal, we used U. Uranium has two isotopes, 235U and 238U, whose ratio can be easily measured even at a low specific concentration by means of γ, β and α-spectrometry. Figure 5 shows the 235U/238U ratios measured by various procedures and compared to the ratio measured in the starting solution. Thus, if no changes were detected after the experiment, this ratio would be equal to unity. It can be seen from the figure that the real ratio is far from unity. The isotope shift effect extends far beyond the possible errors. The shift occurs toward enrichment of the mixture in the 235U isotope. This does not mean that 238U is converted into 235U. This interpretation is wrong. We added some 137Cs isotope as the marker. Then we measured the specific activity (that is, activity divided by the volume) of each U isotope with respect to the Cs activity before and after the experiment. It was found that the activity of both U isotopes decreased with respect to that of Cs. However, the activity of the 238U isotope decreases to a greater extent. Thus, the ratio of 235U to 238U becomes bigger than unity. Prior to these experiments, we made sure that the specific activity of 137Cs does not change noticeably.* * The real situation is more complicated [3] but this is a topic of a separate report. For us, it is important that the transformation can also take place outside the plasma channel. This is a rather "unpleasant surprise," because, probably, within several years, when the low-temperature transmutation will be studied in more detail, it would be rather easy to devise a facile and inexpensive process to enrich uranium. In view of the growth of terrorism all over the world, this outcome seems deplorable. * *Here is the final remark concerning the experimental study of the transformation with regard to gases. Gases are also chemical elements, and it is likely that they are formed in these experiments. This aspect will be considered in [4].* This aforementioned result tells me that the LENR reaction cannot be primarily produced by ultra-low energy neutrons. These neutrons only act locally. The affect of LENR is actioned in the far field. The exploding foil produces a polariton induced EMF that increases radioactive decay at a distance from the site of polariton creation, that is, outside the plasma channel. On Wed, Jun 5, 2013 at 12:23 AM, <pagnu...@htdconnect.com> wrote: > Fran, > > I think it's hard to determine exactly where nuclear effects occur in arcs > - assuming the experiments are conducted and reported correctly. > > As time permits, I am trying to calculate how much energy an electron in a > plasma can borrow from its surrounding current using some neglected > physics tools - the magnetic vector potential and/or the Darwin > Hamiltonian. > > I believe that the energy an impacting 5-eV arc electron can deliver in a > collision is far higher than 5-eV - i.e., calculate the cross-terms for > (generalized) kinetic energy in the Darwin Hamiltonian. This is analogous > to the example Brian Josephson uses in his video where the tip of a pin > borrows energy from the body of the pin to puncture paper. > > Possibly also, when are current rapidly changes, an inner K-shell electron > of an atom in a metal-vapor arc can sometimes acquiring enough energy to > enter the nucleus (causing electron-capture transmutation - endothermic). > > Just speculating. > > -- Lou Pagnucco > > Roarty, Francis X wrote: > > Lou, > > NICE CITATION! Funny how radioactive decay keeps coming up with respect > to > > nano particles and excited gas atoms. Yes I would posit decay > acceleration > > in arcs with tungsten electrodes used for atomic welding but granted the > > electrodes are probably also acting as a catalyst and the decay may be > > confined to the electrode surface. > > Fran > > [...] > >
