dear Jones This was your second remarkable and citable idea during recent days- the first being your Mizuno D/Ni review/synthesis. ONLY NEW IDEAS CAN SAVE LENR! Peter
On Sat, Aug 9, 2014 at 4:55 PM, Jones Beene <jone...@pacbell.net> wrote: > > > Thanks Peter and Bob. Here are a couple of additional thoughts on an > emerging nanomagnetism hypothesis. > > > > Nanomagnetism can be operational parallel to other processes in any > experiment, even a novel form of “fusion” if that exists. Nanomagnetism can > be part of a dynamical Casimir effect as well. However, the thermal gain of > nanomagnetism results from a direct conversion of mass-to-energy, where the > mass lost is in the form of nuclear spin – possibly quark spin. There is no > transmutation and no nuclear radiation. > > > > It is likely that there are two (or three) distinct temperature regimes > for Ni-H. Nanomagnetism is involved most strongly in the lower regime which > is seen in the Cravens demo. In this regime the Neel temperature is > critical. We can note that Cravens adds samarium-cobalt to his active mix. > This material is permanently magnetized. > > > > In a higher temperature version of nanomagnetism, the Curie point is > critical. This would explain the noticeable threshold mentioned in several > papers around 350 C. > > > > In the highest temperature regime (HotCat) permanent magnetism is not > possible as an inherent feature, and an external field must be implemented. > Thus, resistance wiring itself can be supplying the needed magnetic field > alignment in the HotCat. Only a few hundred Gauss is required and it can be > intermittent. At the core of the hot version, and possibly all versions, is > a new kind of HTSC or high-temperature superconductivity which is local and > happens only in quantum particles (quantum dots, or excitons). This form of > “local HTSC” seen at the nanoscale only, is entering the mainstream as we > speak, see: “Physicists unlock nature of high-temperature superconductivity” > > > http://phys.org/news/2014-07-physicists-nature-high-temperature-superconductivity.html > > > > Summary: Magnetism is highly directional. "Knowing the directional > dependence … we were able, for the first time, to quantitatively predict > the material's superconducting properties using a series of mathematical > equations… calculations showed that the gap possesses d-wave symmetry, > implying that for certain directions the electrons were bound together very > strongly, while they were not bound at all for other directions," > > > > This in effect is the spin-flip seen in the transition from superparamagnetism > to superferromagnetism working in a repeating cycle with intermediate > stages which are antiferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic around the Neel > temperature, in one version - so in effect what we have in nanomagnetism is > a “heat driven electrical transformer” where the heat is self-generated. > > __________________________________ > > > > In automotive engineering, there are several idealized energy transfer > cycles which involve four clearly segmented stages of engine operation. For > instance, the Otto cycle consists of: > > > 1) Intake, Compression, Expansion, Exhaust which are further arranged > as > 2) Two isentropic processes - adiabatic and reversible and > 3) Two isochoric processes - constant volume > 4) As an "idealized" cycle, this never happens completely in practice, > but it permits substantial gain in a ratchet-like way and substantial > understanding of the process. > 5) There are many other idealized cycles for combustion, such as the > Stirling which is probably closer, as an analogy, to nanomagnetism > > In nanomagnetism, there is a corresponding strong metaphor involving a > similar kind of 4 legged hysteresis curve, where we find > > > 1) Antiferromagnetism, superparamagnetism, ferrimagnetism and > superferromagnetism working in a repeating cycle > 2) The remainder of the analogy is under development but there are two > reversible processes involving field alignment, requiring two operative > classes of reactants - one mobile and one stationary > 3) Nanomagnetism requires a ferromagnetic nucleus which is nominally > stationary. (yes, palladium and titanium alloy can be ferromagnetic) > 4) Nanomagnetism requires a mobile medium, loaded or absorbed into the > ferromagnet which has variable magnetic properties. > 5) Hydrogen and its isotopes appears to be the exclusive mobile > medium, > which can oscillate between diamagnetic (as a molecule) and strongly > paramagnetic (as an absorbed atom) > 6) Spin coupling provides the transfer of energy from the > ferromagnetic > nucleus to the mobile nucleus in a method similar to induction. > 7) Inverse square permits very strong effective fields for transfer of > spin energy from nickel-62, for instance. > 8) Nanomagnetism seems to boosted by the presence of an oxide of the > ferromagnet - i.e. nickel with a small percentage of nickel oxide but the > oxide is not required. > > This is an emerging hypothesis, the details of which are fluid, but... > shall > we say... "attractive" :-) > > -- Dr. Peter Gluck Cluj, Romania http://egooutpeters.blogspot.com
