(a) and (d).
However:
If a proposition concerns a real world object then then most people would
assume that it implied that the object existed - unless the proposition was
specifically about the existence of the object (or otherwise implied by
some system of propositions something about that existence).
If a proposition concerned an abstraction from the real world then,
unless specifically referring to the 'existence' or 'validity' of the
abstraction, the assumption would be made that it implied that the
abstraction referred to a real quality.
If the proposition concerned an imaginary world then the assumption would
be that it made sense for that imaginary world (for example it existed
within that imaginary world) .
Finally it could refer to something that was real contingent on some other
condition.
The proposition does not "mean" these things but they are necessary for
applying the proposition to some tangible idea.

Jim Bromer

On Mon, Sep 22, 2014 at 11:28 PM, Piaget Modeler via AGI <[email protected]>
wrote:

> Logic seems to conflate many notions. I'm trying to disentagle these
> meanings.
>
> Two statements:
>
> P                    #1
> (not P)          #2
>
> What does statement #1 mean?
>
> P is true                (a)
> P exists                 (b)
> something else   (c)
>
>
> What does statement #2 mean?
>
> P is false                  (d)
> P does not exist     (e)
> something else      (f)
>
>
> Aren't these statements along two different dimensions  (viz. truth,
> existence)?
> If (c) or (f) then what is the something else?
>
>
> Kindly advise.
>
> ~PM
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