In my view, denial is a coping strategy that supports recovery from failure by re-attempting an existing failed solution or failed explanation simply because circumstances may change, even when all other applicable or relevant solutions have already failed. ~PM From: [email protected] To: [email protected] Subject: RE: [agi] Defining "frustration" Date: Sat, 1 Aug 2015 08:41:42 -0700
It's easier to think about infant frustration than adult frustration. As you've pointed out Jim, knowledge gaps (lacunae) play an important role. Actually, lacunae perhaps play the same role In both infant and adult frustration. It's just easier to think about infant frustration than adult frustration. ~PM Date: Sat, 1 Aug 2015 08:52:43 -0400 Subject: Re: [agi] Defining "frustration" From: [email protected] To: [email protected] I have found that people (seem to) display frustration when they almost understand something that I am saying (or when I almost understand what they are saying) but for some reason have failed to fit a few crucial pieces together. It seems as if it is almost related to repression or denial even though there seems like there is no reason for denial. One example of a reason for denial is when a person is convinced that he knows more than someone else and if he understood what the other person was saying completely he would recognize that the other person was making a good point that he hadn't considered. Under those circumstances he might have to adjust his imaginary status a little. In this situation the intensity of the appraisal could be related to a repressed fear that his appraisal of his status in a group was lower than he thought it was. If the imagined status was compensatory for some repressed knowledge, like a general lack of success in the field, this might be very disturbing. However, a better reason for the increase of frustration (in the situation I described in the first sentence) is that a person might sense that there is something valuable in what the other person is saying if only he could understand it. As you get closer to understanding what the other person is trying to say you may still need some additional help to make the pieces fall into place even though you might have had a momentary glimpse to what the other person was saying. As we try to understand something we will try different interpretations of what is being said, so we might come up with a good interpretation (of parts of the situation) which we then preclude from subsequent analysis because it does not make sense at the time that we thought about it. So we might not be able to understand something even though we had, at some point, considered the interpretations that we would need to be able to understand it. Frustration can also be a measure of the recognition that you will need to put more work into understanding something and the intensity then becomes an general emotional attention getting device. (For this model to make sense you would have to say that we have sometimes need to use indirect methods like semi-consciously stimulating our own emotions to control our minds.) However, this explanation would work with the idea of unconscious knowledge. At some level we have retained a little of the knowledge that we had considered which would be required to make sense of what the other person is saying but that knowledge is not at the forefront of our minds. Our conscious minds keep trying to grind out a more habitual interpretation of the phrases the person is using while our unconscious minds are trying to be heard. This might make sense when that semi-conscious knowledge would create other possible conflicts in resolving what the person is saying. This situation is actually reasonable given our need to use simple sentences and the fact that we use component-based knowledge in which the components can be used in many different ways.Jim Bromer On Sat, Aug 1, 2015 at 12:37 AM, Piaget Modeler <[email protected]> wrote: I thought about the frustration an infant has, and asked "Why do babies cry?". And I found an answer to my earlier question, what drives intensity up: urgency.The intensity of the appraisal could equal the urgency of the intention. Cheers. ~PM From: [email protected] To: [email protected] Subject: RE: [agi] Defining "frustration" Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2015 15:35:15 -0700 I've been reading Appraisal Theory https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appraisal_theory for the past year. One approach used Maslow's hierarchy as the dimensions upon which valence and intensity occur. In my case I'm just attempting something simple, using emotion to reprioritize intentions. Using the framework I outlined below. It's a little less than other approaches but I think it will suffice for my needs. I just wanted some feedback. That's all. ~PM From: [email protected] Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2015 15:58:59 +0000 Subject: Re: [agi] Defining "frustration" To: [email protected] Aggression drives up intensity. If you are asking what else drives up intensity, then perhaps look at any of the plethora of emotion wheel charts. There are lots of sources for this sort of thing - there even used to be a poster on this list trumpeting ethical AI classifications - who coincidentally seems to have just moved over to reddit today (based on his postings). Broadening the context a bit - perhaps consider some gradient for the intentions as well, such as Maslow's hierarchy. Motivation certainly plays a role. It appears that you are following a path similar to Barrett's conceptual act model of emotion. Regardless, there are lots of factors that can be thrown into the mix: embodiment, the *varying* effect of valence on reaching a goal, culture, task switching - to name a few. Some relevant links: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3260787/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3827669/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_act_model_of_emotion http://www.reddit.com/user/JohnLaMuth https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslow%27s_hierarchy_of_needs http://mindblog.dericbownds.net/2015/04/positive-and-negative-emotions-valence.html http://www.fractal.org/Bewustzijns-Besturings-Model/Nature-of-emotions.htm http://mindblog.dericbownds.net/2015/07/happy-or-anxious.html http://mindblog.dericbownds.net/2014/01/bodily-maps-of-emotions.html http://m.cacm.acm.org/magazines/2014/12/180787-computationally-modeling-human-emotion/fulltext https://www.google.com/search?q=images:emotions+wheel+chart http://wiki.opencog.org/w/OpenPsi_(Embodiment) On Mon, Jul 27, 2015 at 11:51 PM Piaget Modeler <[email protected]> wrote: Cool. decrease in valence (to negative), and increase in intensity (to positive). I understand why the valence would drive down because of lack of success in achieving goals over time. What do you think would drive the intensity up? Thoughts? ~PM From: [email protected] Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2015 01:29:28 +0000 Subject: Re: [agi] Defining "frustration" To: [email protected] Researchers often consider frustration in a social context and correlates it with anger - which in turn correlates with reactive aggression; frustration control (again in a social context) through positive reinforcement. >From such positions, it can be inferred that frustration represents an >increase in negative valence, and via anger->aggression as an increase in >intensity. On Fri, Jul 24, 2015 at 9:45 PM Piaget Modeler <[email protected]> wrote: Assume that there are four basic feelings an AGI can have toward one of its intentions: Joy - the intention is achievedDistress - the intention has failedHope - the intention is likely to succeedFear - the intention is likely to fail Feelings about an intention can be written [Intention ^ Intention_1 :Feeling Hope] [Intention ^ Intention_2 :Feeling Distress] Assume also that an AGI has a prevailing mood and affect defined as follows: Affect - the momentary evaluation of progress of the system towards its intentions measured as valence (positive or negative) and intensity (weak (-1) to Strong(+1)). Mood - the average evaluation of progress of the system towards its intentions over some long time interval measured as valence (positive or negative) and intensity (weak (-1) to intense (+1)). We can define a mood change as follows: [Mood :Valence negative :Intensity Strong] + [Affect :Valence positive :Intensity Weak] = upturn [Mood :Valence positive :Intensity Weak] + [Affect :Valence negative :Intensity Strong] = downturn The question is how does one define frustration about the AGI's feeling toward an intention, using its current affect and mood? Thoughts? 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