People can discriminate real words from nonwords even when the latter are
orthographically and phonologically word-like, presumably because words
activate specific lexical and/or semantic information.
http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=14733408
Categories like "noun" and "verb" represent the basic units of grammar in
all human languages, and the retrieval of categorical information associated
with words is an essential step in the production of grammatical speech.
Studies of brain-damaged patients suggest that knowledge of nouns and verbs
can be spared or impaired selectively; however, the neuroanatomical
correlates of this dissociation are not well understood. We used
event-related functional MRI to identify cortical regions that were active
when English-speaking subjects produced nouns or verbs in the context of
short phrases
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1360518
Neuroimaging and lesion studies suggest that processing of word classes,
such as verbs and nouns, is associated with distinct neural mechanisms. Such
studies also suggest that subcategories within these broad word class
categories are differentially processed in the brain. Within the class of
verbs, argument structure provides one linguistic dimension that
distinguishes among verb exemplars, with some requiring more complex
argument structure entries than others. This study examined the neural
instantiation of verbs by argument structure complexity: one-, two-, and
three-argument verbs.
http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1321140.1321142&coll=&dl=
The neural basis for verb comprehension has proven elusive, in part because
of the limited range of verb categories that have been assessed. In the
present study, 16 healthy young adults were probed for the meaning
associated with verbs of MOTION and verbs of COGNITION. We observed distinct
patterns of activation for each verb subcategory: MOTION verbs are
associated with recruitment of left ventral temporal-occipital cortex,
bilateral prefrontal cortex and caudate, whereas COGNITION verbs are
associated with left posterolateral temporal activation. These findings are
consistent with the claim that the neural representations of verb
subcategories are distinct
http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=13451551
Neural processing of nouns and verbs: the role of inflectional morphology
http://csl.psychol.cam.ac.uk/publications/04_Tyler_Neuropsychologia.pdf
Others:
http://cercor.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/12/9/900
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/99520773/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0
http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/abstract/22/7/2936
----- Original Message -----
From: "Jim Bromer" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: <agi@v2.listbox.com>
Sent: Wednesday, July 30, 2008 12:15 PM
Subject: Re: [agi] How do we know we don't know?
On Wed, Jul 30, 2008 at 9:50 AM, Mark Waser <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
Wow! The civility level on this list is really bottoming out . . . .
along
with any sort of scientific grounding.
Experimental (imaging) evidence shows that known words will strongly
activate some set of neurons when heard. Unknown words with recognizable
parts/features will also activate some other set of neurons when heard,
possibly allowing the individual to puzzle out the meaning even if the
word
has never been heard before. Totally unknown words will not strongly
activate any neurons -- except subsequently (i.e. on a delay) some set of
HUH? neurons.
Well, your imaging evidence is part imaging and part imagining since
no one knows what the imaging is actually showing. I think it is
commonly believed that the imaging techniques show blood flow into
areas of the brain, and this is (reasonably in my view) taken as
evidence of neural activity. Ok, but what kind of thinking is actually
going on and how extensive are the links that don't have enough wow
factor for repeatable experiments researchers to issue as a press
release. So if you are going to claim that you're speculations are
superiorly grounded, I would like to see some research that shows
that unknown words will not strongly activate any neurons. Take your
time, I am only asking a question, not challenging you to fantasy
combat.
Jim Bromer
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