Hi Cheri,

This begs a particular question from me in regards to the various tests. 
 I've researched a number of families I believe belong to me, but don't 
have the definitive records to prove it, so DNA would be the only solution. 
 However, I've always understood the female line couldn't be traced that 
way... which throws a spanner in the works.  I have two scenarios I'd like 
to explore

(i) My direct female line back to Thomas (b. 1781) & Sarah (b. 1803) (no 
they're not Azorean but she is Jewish).  (ii) I can provide the matching 
direct male (i.e. a living descendant) line back to the person I believe is 
Sarah's brother, (also Jewish) and wish to prove.

and (iii) a mixed line from either gender back to a daughter of Thomas, 
 (I'm not sure I can do it as a straight female or male) mother unknown. 

So are any of these possible.  We have some 12000 descendants of Thomas and 
his wives found... 

Hope you can give more hopeful advice that I got a few years back posing 
this same question.

Julie



On Monday, July 22, 2013 5:41:17 AM UTC+10, Cheri Mello wrote:
>
> The last couple of days, I've received some questions on DNA.  So I 
> thought I would post here what I've been telling people.
>
> DNA testing is going to depend on your goal.  And you may not yet know 
> your goal.  If you went to the market with the goal of making banana bread, 
> you will go to the produce section.  You may see apples (good for pie), 
> oranges (good for juice), and bananas (good for making your bread, as that 
> was your goal).  I know that's a bit of an oversimplification, but if you 
> keep that analogy in mind, maybe it will help.
>
> There are 3 main types of DNA tests at Family Tree DNA:
> Y-DNA, mtDNA, and Family Finder (autosomal DNA).
>
> The broadest overview of genealogy would be Family Finder.  That covers 
> the testee's entire pedigree chart back about 200 years from his/her birth 
> year.  My dad was born in the 1930s.  So I should expect results that go 
> back to about the 1730s (and because of intermarriage, there's a couple of 
> lines further back, but that's more rare).  My DNA only goes back to the 
> 1760s.  So that's why I tested my parents too.  This test also gives you 
> broad ethnic percentages (90% Western European, 10% Middle Eastern, for 
> example).
>
> The remaining 2 types of tests are a more narrow, focused view.
> Y-DNA focuses on a man's strict paternal line: His father's father's 
> father's line only or the top of his pedigree chart.  You need a Y-DNA 37 
> or 67 to get into a genealogy time frame.  This test will also give the 
> haplogroup on that one line: R1b is the most common male European 
> halpogroup.  J2 is more indicative of Sephardic Jewish.
>
> mtDNA focuses on the testee's strict maternal line: His/her mother's 
> mother's mother's line only or the bottom of the pedigree chart.  mtDNA 
> mutates very, very slowly.  It's difficult to get a DNA match with a random 
> person.  Most of the information is anthropological in nature.  It's best 
> used if you and I had a theory that our mother's mother's mother's were 
> sisters and we couldn't prove it.  So we both take the mtDNA test and it 
> comes out identical.  Then we know our theory is right.  However, the very 
> first match in the Azores DNA project with FTDNA was with mtDNA!  Both 
> individuals has a really rare mutation.  The woman in California matched a 
> man in Brazil!
>
> If you want to get started in DNA testing are are unsure where to start, 
> I'd suggest the Family Finder test that has the broadest overview of all 
> the lines of the testee's pedigree chart going back about 200 years.  And 
> for this sale, FTDNA has the price of $99! (Instead of $289).
>
> Please order through the Azores DNA Project here: goo.gl/TyStn
>
> Cheri Mello, Rick Pimentel, and Nancy Jean Baptiste
> Family Tree DNA Admins (volunteer)
> Azores DNA Project
>

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