I see that Schniedewind and Hunt don't talk about a 'subjunctive' but a 'volitive' for the yaqtula form in Ugaritic. That certainly fits better with the Hebrew cohortative (which is found in both the first _and third_ person in the OT, Rolf, as you know). Perhaps then in North-West Semitic the yaqtula form performed a rather different function to the Arabic. That would tie in better with what Rolf reports of Krahmalkov's position (I find his grammar frankly confusing but a copy happens to be at hand).
John Leake ---------------------------------- ان صاحب حياة هانئة لا يدونها انما يحياها He who has a comfortable life doesn't write about it - he lives it ---------------------------------- On 30 May 2013, at 09:20, John Leake <[email protected]> wrote: > Jonathan, I at least was speaking about _forms_ of the prefix verb that are > most clearly found in Classical Arabic and other West Semitic languages. In > Arabic the three forms of the prefix verb are: > yaqtulu - the basic form traditionally called the indicative mood > yaqtula - traditionally called the subjunctive mood > yaqtul - traditionally called the jussive mood > > Arab grammarians call all three moods collectively المضارع /al-muDāri'/ 'the > similar'. Individually they are المضارع المرفوع 'the similar ending in -u', > المضارع المنصوب 'the accusative similar' (both forms generally end in -a) and > المضارع المجزوم 'the apocopated similar'. > > In function, the subjunctive mood works following certain particles that give > the verb a meaning of potentiality: > > 'that' أن /'an/ > 'in order' لِـ /li-/ كَيْ /kay/ > and combinations of the above. > 'until' حتى /Hattā/ > 'will not' لن /lan/ > > The jussive is used as a first and third-person imperative (more rarely as a > polite second person imperative) with the particle لِـ /li-/ (I incorrectly > wrote /la/ on a previous post). It is also used with the negative particle لم > /lam/ as a negative equivalent of the perfect (suffix tense). And it is used > in the same way as the perfect in the apostasis of a conditional sentence. > > There's also an energetic jussive used for commands, in Arabic always after > the negative particle لا 'not' also used with the imperative. It is a > modification of the jussive appending /-n/ or /-nna/. Rather like נא after a > cohortative of jussive, I suppose. > > The suffix form, incidentally, they call الماضي 'the carried out, the > accomplished' (the Latin perfectum is about right). > > John Leake > > ---------------------------------- > ان صاحب حياة هانئة لا يدونها انما يحياها > He who has a comfortable life doesn't write about it - he lives it > ---------------------------------- > > On 30 May 2013, at 06:48, Jonathan Mohler <[email protected]> wrote: > >> >> To all who have contributed to this discussion: >> >> I would like to add my own contribution, but before I do so I would like us >> to define the difference if any between subjunctive and jussive. This is a >> source of confusion for me, even after four years of Greek and Hebrew. I >> recently worked through Robert Chisholm's workbook on Jonah and Ruth. >> Chisholm often uses the expression "this imperfect is jussive in meaning." >> I suppose he means the form is imperfect, but the pragmatic use is jussive. >> I would prefer if he just called the form a yiqtol or wayyiqtol. >> >> As to the issue with the subjunctive, I have never heard a clear definition >> by an English speaking teacher. Does subjunctive refer to form or function? >> I was raised in the French part of Belgium. I took Dutch as a second >> language and German as a third. As an adult I spent 12 years in Kenya, >> where I learned Swahili and Luyia. I speak English, French and Swahili >> natively, and the others conversationally. Every one of these languages >> uses subjunctive to express a jussive. For this reason I think I am >> confused as to the difference between the two. >> >> Jonathan E Mohler >> Baptist Bible Graduate School >> Springfield, Missouri, US >> >> >> On May 29, 2013, at 11:00 AM, John Leake wrote: >> >>> Indeed, Krahmalkov maintains that the tripartite distinction between >>> indicative, subjunctive and jussive was strictly maintained in Phoenician, >>> and that this continued into Neo-Punic. In the last phases of Punic the >>> subjunctive was orthographically represented, but the subjunctive and >>> jussive were always distinguishable from the indicative since Phoenician >>> maintained the final nun of the 2nd and 3rd persons plural in the >>> indicative prefix form) >> >> _______________________________________________ >> b-hebrew mailing list >> [email protected] >> http://lists.ibiblio.org/mailman/listinfo/b-hebrew > _______________________________________________ > b-hebrew mailing list > [email protected] > http://lists.ibiblio.org/mailman/listinfo/b-hebrew
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