It looks like Steve and Lloyd pretty much have it covered. I've had my best luck turning around our clay soil with lots of rotted hay. It's usually easy to come by old bails that farmers want to get rid of. The best is if there are round bails that are so broken down that they have a fluffy peat-like substance all around the bottom. The best rotted hay is also the hay that seldom gets used, with allot of black berries and old weeds (tough woody plants). Defiantly the tiller is one of the worst things you can do. If a spader is not available subsoiling and a chisel plow is your next best bet. I've got a pile right now of about 35 half rotted bails cooking down for next year. This is also the best stuff to use for carrots. You can check out a related article at our web site at www.theruralcenter.org/TheFarm/Plants/Growing.htm  Go to the root page

Dear BD farmers,

This is my first query to all of you.  We have just moved to some land in
southern Maine and have just rototilled our first patch of soil with the
hopes of working this land biodynamically.

It appears to be solid clay.  Hard, golfball-sized rocks.  What are your
best, first recommendations  for beginning to build this soil, given that we
just got here and have not yet had the time to start a serious composting
effort?

A local landscaper (not BD) says he has had his best luck with loads of peat
mixed with compost and some sand then that is rototilled into the clay.
It seems I remember Steiner nixing peat in the Agriculture book.  So what do
you experienced farmers know about peat?  Also what about gypsum?

Any and all advice is welcomed.  My husband is wondering whether we ought
not go into the clay pot or brick business instead!

Thanks.

Cordelia

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