In a message dated Thu, 20 Dec 2001  8:58:00 PM Eastern Standard Time, "Richard S. 
Crawford" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:

> More precisely, the self-evolving system that The Fool describes will 
> encounter statements which are true within its internal logic but which 
> cannot be proven within that logic.
> 
> In mathematics, there are statements which are true but which cannot be 
> proven mathematically.
> 
> In any system symbolic logic (S), there are axioms which are true in S but 
> which cannot be demonstrated within S.  However, those statements *can* be 
> proven within meta-logic, S^2.  But then we find axioms within S^2 which 
> cannot be proven within S^2, but which can theoretically be proven true by 
> using S^3.  Unfortunately, S^3 has proven too complex to be easily 
> understood by mere graduate students.
> 
>Richard Hofstadter has joined the list. 

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