While its interesting to note the evolution of the football Referee, I think
Jon P made a valid point we need to remember when reading it - in the US,
observers were brought in because cheating started happening to a greater
extent - not the other way around.  The same is seen here in the football
case.



Ultimate is growing, there is no doubt about that.  What we really need to
ask is, is Ultimate qualitatively different from other sports in its notion
of Spirit and self-calling, or is it pretty much a sport like any other -
where, at the highest levels, you need someone to judge differences of
opinion (John McEnroe may disagree here...)?  Someday money may be at
stake - not just the (limited) fame from being a championship team - when
winning means a bigger paycheque, can we expect spirit to prevail? - the
history of Football seems to show it probably wont - indeed, what has
happened in the US also shows this.  As it grows, it becomes more
competitive, and as that happens, people will be more and more willing to
break the rules - or at least push them to a more competitive edge.  It's
only natural that when you play in the park you dont need to worry about
this, but when you drop several thousand pounds to fly to Hawaii to compete
after training for months, you are going to push the envelope more - and
thats what is happening.



As an example, can I bring up a past BritDisc discussion on whether you can
start stalling someone when they have caught the disc and run out of bounds.
The fact of the matter is, I only know competitive teams in competitive
environments who do this - this interpretation of the rule (and no, I'm not
accusing anyone of cheating) would not have happened if we all still played
for fun in the park  Similarly, discussions I've had about intentionally
stepping into a cutter's way - is it allowed? is it a pick? a foul? whatever
your interpretation, people are pushing the envelope with ultimate as it
grows more competitive.  In the US people were starting to cheat
intentionally (I've had tips on how to fast count or bump the thrower
without getting called on it) - and this was not because of observers, but
lead to them.



I'd love it if we could all be self-regulating.  I'd love it if we all
played with great spirit (and I value the spirit awards I've won) but the
question is, will this actually happen if Ultimate continues to grow?  Many
of you reading this will say 'I play Ultimate because I love it and one
aspect of that is loving the lack of referee'

That is a great feeling, but the sad fact is, that is not why everyone plays
Ultimate - they play because its a great sport - like football, basketball,
tennis, and every other great sport which relies on referees.



The only alternative I can see to an eventual phasing in observers is a more
clear and powerful institutional regulatory force in place - that is to say,
if someone cheats, you can make complaints to a body with the power to ban
them from matches.  Writing observers out of the rulebook does not address
the problem of people starting to push the rules and, yes, break them
intentionally.  Otherwise, what recourse do we have but to take our disc and
go home?



-Justin P


----- Original Message -----
From: "Vitali, Adriano" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Sent: Tuesday, March 16, 2004 2:06 PM
Subject: RE: [BD] SoG & observers


I've been following the discussion on ED and from what I see it is not so
much about whether observers are good or bad but more about where they may
lead to (see the attached mail if it gets through). It's a tough call. There
is little doubt a person on the sideline may have a better perspective than
most people on the pitch for calling line fouls and I am sure people have
experienced cases where the sideline has been called upon to help make a
decision and this is fundamentally the role the observer would have if used,
to give a neutral perspective when no one else can agree or doesn't know. No
doubt there are cases where observers are required. I personally experienced
such a game in Rimini a few years ago where a team persistently made bad
calls because they didn't know the rules correctly. They bullied us
throughout the game and even resorted to abuse from the sidelines. The
captain even had the nerve before the game to suggest we keep it spirited!
Obviously we lost in true Superfly fashion but until the game started
getting out of hand we were level pegging. Had there been observers the
outcome could have been different. After the game we made a complaint to the
organisers and I haven't seen that team at the Paganello since, whether it's
a coincidence or not I don't know!
My concern is that Ultimate may end up going down the same road as football.
My worry is that as things evolve over the long term the decision making is
going to be placed more on the observers making the players less
responsible. Start introducing money into the equation and the whole thing
could snowball and before you know spirit is just a consolation prize as the
fair play award is in football.
Have a read through the following article I found on the UEFA website
regarding football and see what you think. OK, maybe times are different but
possibly something to keep in mind.

Vito

PS. I wouldn't have wanted to be the observer to make the call in the
Poughkeepsie game in Rimini!



1891: Referees, penalties and nets
There was no such thing as a penalty up until 1891. Born in England's public
schools of Victorian England, a gentleman, it was assumed, would never
deliberately commit a foul. Although the advent of professionalism in 1885
had served to increase the growing number of working-class men to the sport,
the inclusion of the penalty, or as it was originally called "the kick of
death", was more likely a consequence of increased competition and a
commitment to fairness. It became one of a number of dramatic changes to the
Laws of the Game in 1891.
Penalties, of course, had to be awarded by someone and following a proposal
from the Irish Association, the referee was allowed onto the field of play.
True to its gentlemanly beginnings, disputes were originally settled by the
two team captains, but, as the stakes grew, so did the number of complaints.

By the time the first FA Cup and international fixture took place, two
umpires, one per team, were being employed to whom each side could appeal.
But it was not the ideal solution as decisions, some more favourable than
others, were only arrived at following lengthy delays and several appeals.
The referee, at first, stood on the touchline keeping time and was
"referred" to if the umpires could not agree but that all changed in 1891.
>From that date a single person with powers to send players off as well as
give penalties and free kicks without listening to appeals became a
permanent fixture in the game, while the two umpires were made linesman or
"assistant referees" as they are called now.



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