I can't do all the commands at once, or even all of the first group, but
here is a start:
Command math text
------------------------------
@ringaccent ? \r
@' \acute \'
@, - \c
@^ \hat \^
@` \grave \`
@~ \tilde \~
@" \ddot \"
@= \bar \=
@H - \H
@dotaccent \dot \. # dot over
@u \breve \u
@ubaraccent ? \b # bar under
@udotaccent ? \d # dot under
@v \check \v
@ogonek - \k
@tieaccent - \tie
@dotless \imath,\jmath \i,\j # no other letters are supported
? means I didn't know the answer offhand.
- means I'm pretty sure it doesn't apply.
You'll want \usepackage{textcomp} for sure, it makes lots of symbols
easily available.
For reference, the unofficial latex manual at
http://home.gna.org/latexrefman/ (comments welcome :) and the
comprehensive symbols list at
http://mirror.ctan.org/info/symbols/comprehensive/ are good places to
look.