On Fri, May 28, 2021, Hughes, Jonathan wrote:

if you just see the B factor as a number, ok, you can do the √ in your
head, but if it's visualized as in pymol/putty larger uncertainties become
exaggerated – which is another word for "misrepresented".

Two points that haven't yet been raised:

1. Crystallographers have a half-century of experience in "seeing the B
factor as a number", and many have a good intuitive feeling for how these
numbers are affected by secondary structure, resolution, and so on.

2. B-factors are really refinement parameters, and can serve to account for
errors or uncertainties in other parts of data processing or refinement.
Stated in another way: the simple atomic model of xyz coordinates + ADPs
is generally not sufficient to represent what is really going on at the
atomic level.  The connection to <u2> is a rough one: especially for large
B-factors (relative to the average) using the simple formula to estimate
<u2> often underestimates the atomic fluctuations that are actually present.

....dac

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