the-other-tim-brown commented on code in PR #10677:
URL: https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/10677#discussion_r1504915274


##########
hudi-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hudi/avro/AvroSchemaUtils.java:
##########
@@ -428,25 +408,95 @@ public static void checkSchemaCompatible(
       boolean allowProjection,
       Set<String> dropPartitionColNames) throws SchemaCompatibilityException {
 
-    String errorMessage = null;
-
-    if (!allowProjection && !canProject(tableSchema, writerSchema, 
dropPartitionColNames)) {
-      errorMessage = "Column dropping is not allowed";
+    if (!allowProjection) {
+      List<Schema.Field> missingFields = findMissingFields(tableSchema, 
writerSchema, dropPartitionColNames);
+      if (!missingFields.isEmpty()) {
+        throw new 
MissingSchemaFieldException(missingFields.stream().map(Schema.Field::name).collect(Collectors.toList()));
+      }
     }
 
     // TODO(HUDI-4772) re-enable validations in case partition columns
     //                 being dropped from the data-file after fixing the write 
schema
-    if (dropPartitionColNames.isEmpty() && shouldValidate && 
!isSchemaCompatible(tableSchema, writerSchema)) {
-      errorMessage = "Failed schema compatibility check";
+    if (dropPartitionColNames.isEmpty() && shouldValidate) {
+      AvroSchemaCompatibility.SchemaPairCompatibility result =
+          AvroSchemaCompatibility.checkReaderWriterCompatibility(writerSchema, 
tableSchema, true);
+      if (result.getType() != 
AvroSchemaCompatibility.SchemaCompatibilityType.COMPATIBLE) {
+        throw new SchemaBackwardsCompatibilityException(result);
+      }
     }
+  }
 
-    if (errorMessage != null) {
-      String errorDetails = String.format(
-          "%s\nwriterSchema: %s\ntableSchema: %s",
-          errorMessage,
-          writerSchema,
-          tableSchema);
-      throw new SchemaCompatibilityException(errorDetails);
+  /**
+   * Validate whether the {@code incomingSchema} is a valid evolution of 
{@code tableSchema}.
+   *
+   * @param incomingSchema schema of the incoming dataset
+   * @param tableSchema latest table schema
+   */
+  public static void checkValidEvolution(Schema incomingSchema, Schema 
tableSchema) {

Review Comment:
   -1 Schemas can be quite large. We should just log out the relevant context 
in my opinion so the user can quickly see what is wrong instead of requiring 
them to manually diff the two.



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