codope commented on code in PR #10677:
URL: https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/10677#discussion_r1507894427


##########
hudi-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hudi/avro/AvroSchemaUtils.java:
##########
@@ -428,25 +408,95 @@ public static void checkSchemaCompatible(
       boolean allowProjection,
       Set<String> dropPartitionColNames) throws SchemaCompatibilityException {
 
-    String errorMessage = null;
-
-    if (!allowProjection && !canProject(tableSchema, writerSchema, 
dropPartitionColNames)) {
-      errorMessage = "Column dropping is not allowed";
+    if (!allowProjection) {
+      List<Schema.Field> missingFields = findMissingFields(tableSchema, 
writerSchema, dropPartitionColNames);
+      if (!missingFields.isEmpty()) {
+        throw new 
MissingSchemaFieldException(missingFields.stream().map(Schema.Field::name).collect(Collectors.toList()));
+      }
     }
 
     // TODO(HUDI-4772) re-enable validations in case partition columns
     //                 being dropped from the data-file after fixing the write 
schema
-    if (dropPartitionColNames.isEmpty() && shouldValidate && 
!isSchemaCompatible(tableSchema, writerSchema)) {
-      errorMessage = "Failed schema compatibility check";
+    if (dropPartitionColNames.isEmpty() && shouldValidate) {
+      AvroSchemaCompatibility.SchemaPairCompatibility result =
+          AvroSchemaCompatibility.checkReaderWriterCompatibility(writerSchema, 
tableSchema, true);
+      if (result.getType() != 
AvroSchemaCompatibility.SchemaCompatibilityType.COMPATIBLE) {
+        throw new SchemaBackwardsCompatibilityException(result);
+      }
     }
+  }
 
-    if (errorMessage != null) {
-      String errorDetails = String.format(
-          "%s\nwriterSchema: %s\ntableSchema: %s",
-          errorMessage,
-          writerSchema,
-          tableSchema);
-      throw new SchemaCompatibilityException(errorDetails);
+  /**
+   * Validate whether the {@code incomingSchema} is a valid evolution of 
{@code tableSchema}.
+   *
+   * @param incomingSchema schema of the incoming dataset
+   * @param tableSchema latest table schema
+   */
+  public static void checkValidEvolution(Schema incomingSchema, Schema 
tableSchema) {

Review Comment:
   pinpointing mismatching field(s) would be more helpful. Today we copy both 
the schemas from the log and take diff anyway, so why not just log the diff 
itself.



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