yihua commented on code in PR #12866:
URL: https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/12866#discussion_r2105491554


##########
hudi-io/src/main/java/org/apache/hudi/io/hfile/HFileBlock.java:
##########
@@ -187,34 +162,161 @@ public int getOnDiskSizeWithHeader() {
    * @throws IOException upon decoding and decompression error.
    */
   public void unpack() throws IOException {
-    if (!isUnpacked) {
+    if (!readAttributesOpt.get().isUnpacked) {
       // Should only be called for compressed blocks
       CompressionCodec compression = context.getCompressionCodec();
       if (compression != CompressionCodec.NONE) {
         // Copy the block header which is not compressed
         System.arraycopy(
-            compressedByteBuff, startOffsetInCompressedBuff, byteBuff, 0, 
HFILEBLOCK_HEADER_SIZE);
+            readAttributesOpt.get().compressedByteBuff,
+            readAttributesOpt.get().startOffsetInCompressedBuff,
+            readAttributesOpt.get().byteBuff,
+            0,
+            HFILEBLOCK_HEADER_SIZE);
         try (InputStream byteBuffInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(
-            compressedByteBuff, startOffsetInCompressedBuff + 
HFILEBLOCK_HEADER_SIZE, onDiskSizeWithoutHeader)) {
+            readAttributesOpt.get().compressedByteBuff,
+            readAttributesOpt.get().startOffsetInCompressedBuff + 
HFILEBLOCK_HEADER_SIZE,
+            readAttributesOpt.get().onDiskSizeWithoutHeader)) {
           context.getDecompressor().decompress(
               byteBuffInputStream,
-              byteBuff,
+              readAttributesOpt.get().byteBuff,
               HFILEBLOCK_HEADER_SIZE,
-              byteBuff.length - HFILEBLOCK_HEADER_SIZE);
+              readAttributesOpt.get().byteBuff.length - 
HFILEBLOCK_HEADER_SIZE);
         }
       }
-      isUnpacked = true;
+      readAttributesOpt.get().isUnpacked = true;
     }
   }
 
+  // ================ Below are for Write ================
+
   /**
-   * Allocates new byte buffer for the uncompressed bytes.
-   *
-   * @return a new byte array based on the size of uncompressed data, holding 
the same header
-   * bytes.
+   * Returns serialized "data" part of the block.
+   * This function should be implemented by each block type separately.
+   * By default, it does nothing.
+   */
+  public ByteBuffer getPayload() {
+    return ByteBuffer.allocate(0);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return serialized block including header, data, checksum.
+   */
+  public ByteBuffer serialize() throws IOException {
+    // Block payload.
+    ByteBuffer payloadBuff = getPayload();
+    // Compress if specified.
+    ByteBuffer compressedPayload = compress(payloadBuff);
+    // Buffer for building block.
+    ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(Math.max(
+        context.getBlockSize() * 2,
+        compressedPayload.limit() + HFILEBLOCK_HEADER_SIZE * 2));
+    // Block header
+    // 1. Magic is always 8 bytes.
+    buf.put(blockType.getMagic(), 0, 8);
+    // 2. onDiskSizeWithoutHeader.
+    buf.putInt(compressedPayload.limit());
+    // 3. uncompressedSizeWithoutHeader.
+    buf.putInt(payloadBuff.limit());
+    // 4. previous block offset.
+    buf.putLong(writeAttributesOpt.get().previousBlockOffset);
+    // TODO: set checksum type properly.
+    // 5. checksum type.
+    buf.put(CHECKSUM_TYPE.getCode());
+    // TODO: verify that if hudi uses 4 bytes for checksum always.
+    // 6. bytes covered per checksum.
+    buf.putInt(DEFAULT_BYTES_PER_CHECKSUM);
+    // 7. onDiskDataSizeWithHeader
+    int onDiskDataSizeWithHeader =
+        HFileBlock.HFILEBLOCK_HEADER_SIZE + payloadBuff.limit();
+    buf.putInt(onDiskDataSizeWithHeader);
+    // 8. payload.
+    buf.put(compressedPayload);
+    // 9. Checksum
+    buf.put(calcChecksumBytes(CHECKSUM_TYPE));
+
+    // Update sizes
+    buf.flip();
+    return buf;
+  }
+
+  protected ByteBuffer compress(ByteBuffer payload) throws IOException {
+    if (context.getCompressionCodec() == GZIP) {
+      byte[] temp = new byte[payload.remaining()];
+      payload.get(temp);
+      return ByteBuffer.wrap(new 
HoodieAirliftGzipDecompressor().compress(temp));
+    } else {
+      return payload;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // TODO: support non-NULL checksum types.
+  /**
+   * Returns checksum bytes if checksum type is not NULL.
+   */
+  private byte[] calcChecksumBytes(ChecksumType type) {
+    if (type == ChecksumType.NULL) {
+      return EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY;
+    } else if (type == ChecksumType.CRC32) {
+      return EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY;
+    } else {
+      return EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets start offset of the block in the buffer.
+   */
+  public void setStartOffsetInBuff(long startOffsetInBuff) {
+    this.writeAttributesOpt.get().startOffsetInBuff = startOffsetInBuff;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets start offset of the block in the buffer.
+   */
+  public long getStartOffsetInBuff() {
+    return this.writeAttributesOpt.get().startOffsetInBuff;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the number of bytes that should be used by checksum.
+   * @param onDiskBlockBytesWithHeaderSize
+   * @param bytesPerChecksum
+   * @return
+   */
+  private long calcNumChecksumBytes(int onDiskBlockBytesWithHeaderSize, int 
bytesPerChecksum) {
+    return numBytes(onDiskBlockBytesWithHeaderSize, bytesPerChecksum);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the number of bytes needed to store the checksums for a specified 
data size
+   * @param datasize         number of bytes of data
+   * @param bytesPerChecksum number of bytes in a checksum chunk
+   * @return The number of bytes needed to store the checksum values
    */
-  protected byte[] allocateBufferForUnpacking() {
-    int capacity = HFILEBLOCK_HEADER_SIZE + uncompressedSizeWithoutHeader + 
sizeCheckSum;
-    return new byte[capacity];
+  static long numBytes(long datasize, int bytesPerChecksum) {
+    return numChunks(datasize, bytesPerChecksum) * HFileBlock.CHECKSUM_SIZE;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the number of checksum chunks needed to store the checksums for a 
specified data size
+   * @param datasize         number of bytes of data
+   * @param bytesPerChecksum number of bytes in a checksum chunk
+   * @return The number of checksum chunks
+   */
+  static long numChunks(long datasize, int bytesPerChecksum) {
+    long numChunks = datasize / bytesPerChecksum;
+    if (datasize % bytesPerChecksum != 0) {
+      numChunks++;
+    }
+    return numChunks;
+  }
+
+  static byte[] getVariableLengthEncodes(int length) throws IOException {

Review Comment:
   This writes `uint32` not `varint` correct?



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