vinishjail97 commented on code in PR #935:
URL: https://github.com/apache/incubator-xtable/pull/935#discussion_r4225710222


##########
xtable-core/src/main/java/org/apache/xtable/index/HudiBackedIcebergSecondaryIndex.java:
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@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+ 
+package org.apache.xtable.index;
+
+import static 
org.apache.hudi.metadata.HoodieTableMetadataUtil.PARTITION_NAME_SECONDARY_INDEX_PREFIX;
+import static org.apache.spark.sql.functions.col;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import lombok.extern.log4j.Log4j2;
+
+import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
+import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaPairRDD;
+import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaRDD;
+import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaSparkContext;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.Dataset;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.Encoders;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.Row;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.RowFactory;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types.DataTypes;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types.StructType;
+
+import org.apache.hudi.client.common.HoodieSparkEngineContext;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.config.HoodieMetadataConfig;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.data.HoodiePairData;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.table.HoodieTableMetaClient;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.table.HoodieTableVersion;
+import org.apache.hudi.data.HoodieJavaPairRDD;
+import org.apache.hudi.data.HoodieJavaRDD;
+import org.apache.hudi.metadata.HoodieBackedTableMetadata;
+import org.apache.hudi.metadata.HoodieTableMetadataUtil;
+import org.apache.hudi.storage.HoodieStorage;
+import org.apache.hudi.storage.hadoop.HoodieHadoopStorage;
+
+import org.apache.iceberg.Table;
+
+import scala.Tuple2;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+
+import org.apache.xtable.catalog.TableFormatUtils;
+import org.apache.xtable.conversion.ConversionConfig;
+import org.apache.xtable.conversion.ConversionController;
+import org.apache.xtable.conversion.SourceTable;
+import org.apache.xtable.conversion.TargetTable;
+import org.apache.xtable.hudi.HudiTargetConfig;
+import org.apache.xtable.iceberg.IcebergConversionSourceProvider;
+import org.apache.xtable.model.storage.TableFormat;
+import org.apache.xtable.model.sync.SyncResult;
+import org.apache.xtable.model.sync.SyncStatusCode;
+
+/**
+ * Secondary index for an Iceberg table backed by the Hudi metadata table. The 
index is built by
+ * syncing the Iceberg table to Hudi with the record index and a secondary 
index enabled; the Hudi
+ * metadata lives under {@code <data location>/.hoodie/metadata}. Because the 
Iceberg data files
+ * carry no Hudi record keys, the record key of a row is {@code <file path 
relative to the data
+ * location>_<row position>}, which a lookup resolves back to a file path and 
row position.
+ */
+@Log4j2
+public class HudiBackedIcebergSecondaryIndex implements Index<Table> {
+  private final String tableLocation;
+  private final String dataPath;
+  private final SourceTable sourceTable;
+  private final Properties targetTableProperties;
+  private final SparkSession sparkSession;
+  private final JavaSparkContext javaSparkContext;
+  private final HoodieSparkEngineContext engineContext;
+
+  /**
+   * @param icebergTable the table to index
+   * @param sourceTable how XTable loads the table for a sync, because a 
loaded table does not
+   *     expose the catalog it came from. A table of a catalog sets its 
catalog config, name and
+   *     namespace, and a table without a catalog config is loaded from its 
location
+   * @param sparkSession the Spark session used to build and query the index
+   * @param targetTableProperties additional {@link HudiTargetConfig} 
properties for the sync, for
+   *     example the record index file group counts
+   */
+  public HudiBackedIcebergSecondaryIndex(
+      Table icebergTable,
+      SourceTable sourceTable,
+      SparkSession sparkSession,
+      Properties targetTableProperties) {
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(
+        TableFormat.ICEBERG.equals(sourceTable.getFormatName()),
+        "Expected an Iceberg source table but got format %s",
+        sourceTable.getFormatName());
+    this.tableLocation = icebergTable.location();
+    this.dataPath =
+        TableFormatUtils.getTableDataLocation(
+            TableFormat.ICEBERG, tableLocation, icebergTable.properties());
+    // the Hudi table lives under the data location, which Iceberg resolves 
from the table
+    // properties
+    this.sourceTable = sourceTable.toBuilder().dataPath(dataPath).build();
+    this.targetTableProperties = targetTableProperties;
+    this.sparkSession = sparkSession;
+    this.javaSparkContext = 
JavaSparkContext.fromSparkContext(sparkSession.sparkContext());
+    this.engineContext = new HoodieSparkEngineContext(javaSparkContext);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean doesIndexExist(String columnName) {
+    return HoodieTableMetadataUtil.metadataPartitionExists(
+        dataPath, engineContext, PARTITION_NAME_SECONDARY_INDEX_PREFIX + 
columnName);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void syncIndex(Table icebergTable, String columnName) {
+    Configuration configuration = javaSparkContext.hadoopConfiguration();
+    IcebergConversionSourceProvider sourceProvider = new 
IcebergConversionSourceProvider();
+    sourceProvider.init(configuration);
+    // the sync reports a failed target in its result instead of throwing
+    SyncResult syncResult =
+        new ConversionController(configuration)
+            .sync(getConversionConfig(icebergTable, columnName), 
sourceProvider)
+            .get(TableFormat.HUDI);
+    if (syncResult == null

Review Comment:
   Fixed in 87f5819c. A sync without a new snapshot returns no result for the 
target, so `syncIndex` treats that as up to date when the index for the column 
exists and still throws when it does not or when the sync reports an error; the 
IT now syncs again without a change and revalidates the lookups.



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