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There are 18 messages in this issue.
Topics in this digest:
1. Re: Small translation exercise
From: Jonathan Knibb <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
2. Re: Butterflies
From: taliesin the storyteller <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
3. Re: Small translation exercise
From: Jonathan Knibb <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
4. Re: Butterflies
From: caeruleancentaur <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
5. Re: Butterflies
From: Christian Köttl <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
6. Re: Butterflies
From: Benct Philip Jonsson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
7. Re: Butterflies
From: Henrik Theiling <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
8. Re: Butterflies
From: Andreas Johansson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
9. Re: Unsupervised learning of natural languages
From: tomhchappell <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
10. Re: music, maths and language
From: Dennis Paul Himes <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
11. Re: Unsupervised learning of natural languages
From: Henrik Theiling <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
12. Re: Butterflies
From: Nik Taylor <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
13. Re: : Butterflies
From: R A Brown <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
14. Re: Survey(?) of ConLangs' Calendars and Colors and Kinterms
From: Carsten Becker <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
15. Re: Butterflies
From: Carsten Becker <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
16. Re: Unsupervised learning of natural languages
From: Carsten Becker <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
17. Re: Small translation exercise
From: Carsten Becker <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
18. Where does everyone live?
From: "Ph.D." <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
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Message: 1
Date: Fri, 4 Nov 2005 15:22:49 +0000
From: Jonathan Knibb <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Small translation exercise
Looks like the poem is too interesting to be used as a translation exercise!
But it's perfect for T4 in its current fledgling state, as I've just been
doing
animals and body parts :) Enjoy...
Ca carën péce
ïlzi rei zane pacun renis.
Cele cíte
rirle cei sècïra cei zonül,
iz ïlzí cei t-urer sehëyoi,
tei ká pecë senta.
= monospaced font necessary for the following =
Ca-0 carën péce
SG.DEF-(time.unspecified) fog walk
ïlzi 0 re-i zane pacun renis.
use + SG.DEF-same.time(T=) little foot cat
Ce-le cíte
SG.DEF-PRS.IPFV sit
rirle 0 ce-i sècïra 0 ce-i zonül,
look.at + SG.DEF-T= harbour + SG.DEF-T= city
i-z ïlzí 0 cei t-urer sehëyoi,
same.time.and.thing-N use + SG.DEF-T= haunch silent
te-i ká pecë senta.
SG.DEF-T= then walk restart
I could go into more detail (why do the singular markers keep changing?
what does N mean? what's '+' all about?), but I'm doing this from work
and have little time. :) Feel free to ask!
Jonathan.
==
ë = e-diaeresis; é = e-acute; ï = i-diaeresis; í = i-acute
è = e-grave; ü = u-diaeresis; á = a-acute
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Message: 2
Date: Fri, 4 Nov 2005 16:48:39 +0100
From: taliesin the storyteller <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Butterflies
* Benct Philip Jonsson said on 2005-11-04 09:41:23 +0100
> * taliesin the storyteller skrev:
> > what are the word(s) for "butterfly" in various conlangs?
>
> The Mærik word is _akopp_.
> Shamefully none of the Sohlob dialects has a word
> for "butterfly" (yet).
>
> I suppose you know the Swedish word is _fjäril_ and
> 'moth' is _nattfjäril_ "night-butterfly".
I'm fond of the Norwegian word for moth, _nattsvermer_. _natt_ is
"night" but _svermer_ can come from two words, _sverm_ "swarm" or the
verb _sverme_ "to be infatuated with, to have a crush on". I suspect the
"swarm" is the correct meaning but oh so much more poetic if they are
poor winged bugs flying about in the night, hopelessly in love with the
light?
t.
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Message: 3
Date: Fri, 4 Nov 2005 16:59:54 +0000
From: Jonathan Knibb <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Small translation exercise
(re: last post - T4 translation)
Oops - forgot to post the pronunciation. It's mostly quite
straightforward though! I can't remember/find out how
to do a diphthong in CXS - apologies - so I've used a
close-parenthesis ')' after the two vowels to show a falling
diphthong ('bay' = [bei)]).
Ca carën péce / ïlzi rei zane pacun renis.
[ca carEn pece 1ls`i rei) s`ane: pacun renis]
Cele cíte / rirle cei sècïra cei zonül,
[cele ci:te rirle cei) sec1:ra cei) s`on8l]
iz ïlzí cei t-urer sehëyoi, / tei ká pecë senta.
[is` 1ls`i cei) turer sehEjoi) tei) ka pecE senta]
The acute and grave accents indicate pitch accent,
rather than a change in vowel length or quality. I
haven't worked out the pitch accent system yet
though! :P
Jonathan.
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Message: 4
Date: Fri, 4 Nov 2005 16:35:30 -0000
From: caeruleancentaur <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Butterflies
The Senjecuni knew the following insects in their homeland (the
Russian steppes, the Caucasus & the Ural mountains). Compound words
are hyphenated to show the elements. -en is the class ending for
animals.
x = C; £ = l_d_0; c = c; ÿ = j_0; µ = m_0; ë = E; ü = U; ç = ts; j =
j
azd-ô£en - glowworm; âzda, to glow + ô£en, worm.
bax-môcen - dragonfly; bâcon, staff + môcen, fly. Note the lenition.
bax-môx-len - damselfly. -l- = diminutive.
cêben - locust.
ciiþ-pêêten - beetle; cîîton, shield + pêêton, wing.
cîînden - nit
contôôren - maggot
êmpen - gnat, midge
fââflen - butterfly; < fââfla, to flutter.
fel-môcen - firefly; fêla, to glitter + môcen, fly.
lûµen - louse
£émbë-rêmben - grasshopper; £êmben, to leap + rêmben, insect <
rêmbe, to notch. Note the epenthetic ë.
môcen - fly.
môxlen - mosquito.
môrµen - ant.
µôvsen - wasp.
nécü£émbërêmben - cricket; nêcüan, night + grasshopper.
pülen - flea.
çrsnen - hornet.
têrmen - death watch beetle.
vêjen - bee.
vûcen - horsefly.
And a few arthropods:
arêxnen - hunting spider.
dîÿen - tick; < dîÿa, to prick.
erêcen - mite
çêrten - web-spinning spider; < çêrta, to interweave.
If any of these words are similar to words in your L1, please let me
know. Thanks.
Charlie
http://wiki.frath.net/user:caeruleancentaur
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Message: 5
Date: Fri, 4 Nov 2005 19:03:02 +0100
From: Christian Köttl <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Butterflies
>
>I'm fond of the Norwegian word for moth, _nattsvermer_. _natt_ is
>"night" but _svermer_ can come from two words, _sverm_ "swarm" or the
>verb _sverme_ "to be infatuated with, to have a crush on". I suspect the
>"swarm" is the correct meaning but oh so much more poetic if they are
>poor winged bugs flying about in the night, hopelessly in love with the
>light?
>
>
>t.
The word "Nachtschwärmer" is used in German as
well, although I hear "Nachtfalter" more often,
and as your Norwegian example, it goes back to
"schwärmen" which is related to the English
"swarm". And it has both meanings: insects
buzzing around (and metaphorical also people),
especially bees leaving their hive, and to have a
knack for something. If I "schwärme" for Mozart,
than I adore him. Btw, a "Nachtschwärmer" is not
only a moth, but also a person who is still
hanging or wandering around late at night.
- Christian
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Message: 6
Date: Fri, 4 Nov 2005 19:27:21 +0100
From: Benct Philip Jonsson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Butterflies
Christian Köttl skrev:
>>
>> I'm fond of the Norwegian word for moth, _nattsvermer_. _natt_ is
>> "night" but _svermer_ can come from two words, _sverm_ "swarm" or the
>> verb _sverme_ "to be infatuated with, to have a crush on". I suspect the
>> "swarm" is the correct meaning but oh so much more poetic if they are
>> poor winged bugs flying about in the night, hopelessly in love with the
>> light?
>>
>>
>> t.
>
>
> The word "Nachtschwärmer" is used in German as well, although I hear
> "Nachtfalter" more often, and as your Norwegian example, it goes back to
> "schwärmen" which is related to the English "swarm". And it has both
> meanings: insects buzzing around (and metaphorical also people),
> especially bees leaving their hive, and to have a knack for something.
> If I "schwärme" for Mozart, than I adore him. Btw, a "Nachtschwärmer" is
> not only a moth, but also a person who is still hanging or wandering
> around late at night.
>
> - Christian
>
>
I wish the metaphorical use of Swedish _nattfjäril_ was as decent, but
it isn't. It means "female prostitute seeking customers at night" :(
--
/BP 8^)>
--
Benct Philip Jonsson -- melroch at melroch dot se
Solitudinem faciunt pacem appellant!
(Tacitus)
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Message: 7
Date: Fri, 4 Nov 2005 21:38:26 +0100
From: Henrik Theiling <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Butterflies
Hi!
Christian Köttl <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
>...
> The word "Nachtschwärmer" is used in German as well, although I hear
> "Nachtfalter" more often, and as your Norwegian example,
>...
It should be noted that this is only for animals that are active at
night. Those are usually grey and not very colourful. Those active
during the day are indeed 'Tagfalter', as expected, but I think that
term is less common and sounds more scientific. There is also 'Motte'
in German for 'moth' and 'Schmetterling' for 'butterfly', as was
mentioned. I don't exactly now where exactly the terms intersect. I
usually use 'Motte' when I'm after its life (i.e. unwanted indoor
animals) and 'Nachtfalter' for those animals whose life I respect
(interesting outdoor animals). :-P
>...
> Btw, a "Nachtschwärmer" is not only a moth, but also a person who
> is still hanging or wandering around late at night.
But in this context, you cannot substitute 'Nachtfalter'. :-))))
**Henrik
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Message: 8
Date: Fri, 4 Nov 2005 22:49:53 +0100
From: Andreas Johansson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Butterflies
Quoting Benct Philip Jonsson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>:
> taliesin the storyteller skrev:
> > I came over this text:
> > http://www.trismegistos.com/IconicityInLanguage/Articles/Beeman.html
> > and it made me think: what are the word(s) for "butterfly" in various
> > conlangs? Klingon lacks the word I think, and I have few if any words
> > for insects in my langs and sketches, including a word for butterfly.
> >
> >
> > t.
> >
> >
>
> The Mærik word is _akopp_.
> Shamefully none of the Sohlob dialects has a word
> for "butterfly" (yet).
>
> I suppose you know the Swedish word is _fjäril_ and
> 'moth' is _nattfjäril_ "night-butterfly".
Actually, I wasn't aware of the word _nattfjäril_. I'd call 'em all _nattflyn_
(sg: _nattfly_), but a quick check in a couple dictionaries tells me that's
properly only a subcategory of _nattfjärilar_. You learn something new every
day.
_Nattfly_ means someting like "night-moth".
Andreas
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Message: 9
Date: Fri, 4 Nov 2005 21:51:48 -0000
From: tomhchappell <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Unsupervised learning of natural languages
--- In [email protected], Henrik Theiling <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> [snip]
> ... The six given languages have a relatively
> context-free syntax structure with nicely embedded sub-phrases. I
> merely said I would have been more surprised of a working algorithm
> if they had tested a more interesting language. E.g. Dutch, which
> has a very funny verb order in embedded phrases:
> [snip]
> ...
> ... the final structure contains the subjects in a row
> followed by the verbs in the same order. For arbitrarily deep
> nesting, this cannot be generated with a context-free grammar.
> Further, with a given context length, you can only generate a fixed
> number of reversals, so I think the grammar structure they are
> generating is just not suited for Dutch und thus for natural
> language in general...
> [snip]
> I think production and rewriting rules are not the perfect means for
> natural language processing, since even context free grammars are
> too much by allowing arbitrary nesting, which the human brain
> doesn't, while on the other hand, they are too restricted for
> structures like in Dutch.
> Further, there are language with free word order so even searching
> syntax rules for the order of words is an algorithmic guide-line and
> thus a supervision.
> [snip]
>From my reading of the paper, I do not see why the algorithm is
limited to grammars governable by rewrite rules, whether context-free
or context-sensitive. (BTW I and at least one other poster were
trying to make the point that the algorithm can, specifically, handle
context-sensitive grammars; it is still somewhat fuzzy, Henrik,
whether or not you got that point.)
What is clear, to me, from reading the paper, are the following two
things:
1) The things discovered by the algorithm follow the Bloomfieldian
methodology and model of
* disocevery procedures,
* form classes,
* distributional equivalence, and
* frames; and,
2) The internal structures in the grammar discovered by the algorithm
will be tree-like.
Henrik, I think your point about "... any fixed context length ...
(etc.)" is a valid one.
Do you think Dutch, or any other natlang, is not tree-like? Perhaps
the "non-configurational" languages?
What interested me most about all of these papers, including this one,
was the fact that Bloomfield's program had never been successfully
applied to any natlang by hand within a human lifespan.
These "feasible learnability" notions seem to make it possible to
limit the nature of possible grammars to something that can be
learned ("by hand") within a few years.
Tom H.C. in MI
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Message: 10
Date: Fri, 4 Nov 2005 20:19:28 -0500
From: Dennis Paul Himes <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: music, maths and language
Yahya Abdal-Aziz <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
> What kind of music do L1 speakers of your conlang(s) make? What kinds of
> mathematics do they do?
I'd like to ask a more specific question along those lines. What
factor times two pi has its own morpheme in your languages? In English, of
course, it's 1/2. In Gladilatian it's 1; "ryt" is "two pi". I haven't
decided yet for Seezzitonian, but I think it's going to be 1 as well.
============================================================================
Dennis Paul Himes <> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
http://home.cshore.com/himes/dennis.htm
Gladilatian page: http://home.cshore.com/himes/glad/lang.htm
Seezzitonian page: http://home.cshore.com/himes/umuto/lang.htm
Disclaimer: "True, I talk of dreams; which are the children of an idle
brain, begot of nothing but vain fantasy; which is as thin of substance as
the air." - Romeo & Juliet, Act I Scene iv Verse 96-99
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Message: 11
Date: Sat, 5 Nov 2005 02:44:15 +0100
From: Henrik Theiling <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Unsupervised learning of natural languages
Hi!
tomhchappell <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
>...
> BTW I and at least one other poster were
> trying to make the point that the algorithm can, specifically, handle
> context-sensitive grammars; it is still somewhat fuzzy, Henrik,
> whether or not you got that point.
>...
Fuzzy? Sorry! :-) I got that point. But for Dutch you need at least
rules like
a1 b1 ... an bn -> a1 .. an b1 ... bn
I don't see how this is handled for an unlimited n.
>...
> Do you think Dutch, or any other natlang, is not tree-like?
>...
I'm not sure whether I understand this question correctly.
I'm sure you can draw a tree for a given Dutch sentence, but the
formalism that generates or analyses such a tree in the general case
needs to be at least Tree Adjoining Grammars due to the syntax
structure of Dutch (and as usual for natlangs, such a simple formalism
is still limited, but let's neglect that).
But I'm quite sure Dutch is configurational, but it may depend on what
you require. As I tried to say in my other post, intuitively I don't
see the Dutch cross-serial dependency (what I called 'funny verb
word') as a movement operation or any other complex 'post-pass' fix-up
of the syntax (I tried to express this my saying that standard
formalisms are inappropriate and that the brain must work somewhat
differently, because it's so easy to parse (!personal view)). So the
Tree Adjoining Grammar approach pleases me because it shows that the
structure can be generated hierarchically with quite a simple
formalism.
**Henrik
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Message: 12
Date: Fri, 4 Nov 2005 20:54:06 -0600
From: Nik Taylor <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Butterflies
Peter Bleackley wrote:
> Staving taliesin the storyteller:
>
>> I came over this text:
>> http://www.trismegistos.com/IconicityInLanguage/Articles/Beeman.html
>> and it made me think: what are the word(s) for "butterfly" in various
>> conlangs? Klingon lacks the word I think, and I have few if any words
>> for insects in my langs and sketches, including a word for butterfly.
>
>
> I read this article some time ago, and noted that words for "butterfly"
> tend to contain bilabials and at least partial reduplication. Hence the
> Khangaþyagon for "butterfly" is "babal".
The modern Japanese word for "butterfly" is _chouchou_ as listed in that
article. But in earlier Japanese, it was _tefutefu_, via a set of sound
changes that first eliminated intervocalic _f_ before i, e, o, and u
(and changed to _w_ before /a/), creating _teuteu_, and then a sound
change wherein the sequence /eu/ became /jo:/ (written _you_), thus
/teu/ -> /tjo:/, [tSo:]
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Message: 13
Date: Sat, 5 Nov 2005 08:06:25 +0000
From: R A Brown <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: : Butterflies
Paul Bennett wrote:
> On Thu, 03 Nov 2005 16:14:26 -0500, R A Brown
> <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
>> caeruleancentaur wrote:
>>
>>> pili-pala. This last one is a delightful word; is it onomatopoetic?
>>
>>
>> AFAIK, yes. In my 22 years sojourn in Wales, it was the only term I
>> actually heard in speech. Possibly the variants are regional.
>>
>> [snip]
>>
>>> I've saved the Latin until last. The Latin word is papilio (-nis)
>>> which AHD says is of unknow origin.
>>
>>
>> From which comes French 'papillon'
>
>
> Maybe my brain is seeing patterns where there are none, but I can't
> help but notice the "pili" in both the Welsh and Latin forms. I doubt
> the Welsh form influenced the Latin, but is it plausible that the
> occupying Romans helped (in some way) the ancient Welsh choose which of
> the myriad possible onomatopoeias sounded most suitable?
'Papilio' was borrowed by ancient British. It gives the modern Welsh
_pabell_ (pl. _pebyll_) = "tent, pavilion".
The derived meaning of 'tent' is as old as the Classical period of
Latin, and our word 'pavilion' is of course also derived from it via Old
French _pavillon_ when |ll| was pronounced [L]. Indeed, French
_papillon_ does not show the expected sound changes that would occur in
a word inherited from Vulgar Latin and must be due a later, learned
borrowing directly from Latin.
The other question is how ancient _pili-pala_ is. In Welsh's sister
languages, the word for 'butterfly' is:
Breton: _balafenn_ (pl. balafenned)
Cornish: tykky-Dew
There doesn't seem to be any commonality there; also the Welsh
periphrases _iâr fach yr haf_ and _glöyn byw_ suggest to me that there
was no established British word for the critter nor any borrowing from
Vulgar Latin with the meaning "butterfly".
I had assumed that_pili-pala_ began its life as a hypocorism. If it is
of ancient origin and there is any connexion with the Latin form (and I
am skeptical about either) then I would think it more likely that both
the British & the Latin forms shared a common source (we do not, as
Charlie reminded us, know the etymology of the Latin word).
--
Ray
==================================
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
http://www.carolandray.plus.com
==================================
MAKE POVERTY HISTORY
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Message: 14
Date: Sat, 5 Nov 2005 12:39:15 +0100
From: Carsten Becker <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Survey(?) of ConLangs' Calendars and Colors and Kinterms
On Fri, 04 Nov 2005, 02:37 CET, Yahya Abdal-Aziz wrote:
> merah muda - pink is literally 'red young' or light red.
Nice idea to call lighter hues "young".
> I find this an odd assertion - do all English speakers
> 'agree on a
> "typical" hue of the colour purple'? Here English
> speakers are
> 'lumpers' while Malay speakers are 'splitters'. Yet two
> people
> whose L1 is English - my wife and myself - and who both
> have some
> practical knowledge of colour as artists cannot agree on
> which
> blue-greens to call 'blue' and which to call 'green'. I
> will often
> call something 'blue' that she will call 'green'. And she
> will call
> 'violet' what to me is definitely not 'violet' but
> 'purple'; whilst she
> will call my 'violet', 'blue'.
Similar here. You remember that standard monotone grayish
background in Windows 98? I say it's gray and my mother
claims it's green. I'm a bit red-blind, though. My mother
also told me that she and her mother regularly disagreed
about turquoise. (As a colour-blind, of course I mix up
certain shades of purple and blue or orange and brown etc.
anyway so I'm not a reliable source when talking about
colours.)
> Perhaps I missed something here - were we also counting
> those
> monomorphemic colour terms that simpy reuse the name of
> some
> substance familiar to the culture?
No, we were not asked for the colours of substances. I just
added them.
Yours,
Carsten
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Message: 15
Date: Sat, 5 Nov 2005 12:37:54 +0100
From: Carsten Becker <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Butterflies
[I did not say I wouldn't write the list at all, I just
won't probably post very much, so I won't go completely]
On Thu, 03 Nov 2005, 18:12 CET, Larry Sulky wrote:
> I had always heard that this word was originally
> "flutter-by", but
> through some humourous linguistic process got tied up with
> the concept
> of "fly" (the insect) and so became "butter-fly", then
> just
> "butterfly". Is this just a cute etymological myth?
In German, it's "Schmetterling" which is made up of
"Schmetten" (= Sahne = cream) and "-ling" (= "is associated
with"). IIRC it's cognate to the Slavic word for it which is
also something similar to this in meaning.
Ayeri has no word for it yet, neither does Daléian.
Carsten
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Message: 16
Date: Sat, 5 Nov 2005 12:39:45 +0100
From: Carsten Becker <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Unsupervised learning of natural languages
What bugs me is that my English isn't good enough
to understand all of that article :(
C.
--
"Miranayam cepauarà naranoaris."
(Calvin nay Hobbes)
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Message: 17
Date: Sat, 5 Nov 2005 12:38:51 +0100
From: Carsten Becker <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Small translation exercise
On Thu, 03 Nov 2005, 14:37 CET, taliesin wrote:
> The fog comes
> on little cat feet.
> It sits looking
> over harbor and city
> on silent haunches
> and then moves on.
Saháiyà runoyang
yilaeri 'civo parayena.
Nedraiyâng silvyam
eirarya maycong' nay aironea
rangamayéri aicaluy
nay epang mangaiyâng sayling.
> The thing has great rhythm.
In how far does it?
Original:
-'-
-'-'-
'-'-
'-'--'-
-'-'
(- unstressed, ' stressed)
Do you refer to the kinda additive structure of the rhythm?
Translation:
-'-'-'
'-'-'-'-'-
'-'-'
-'-'--'-'-
'--'-'-'
'-'--'-'
I'm curious if it's possible to write sonnets in Ayeri. It
should work, except there is a problem with the end-rhyme.
It's just I've never been good at writing poems and my
conlang's lexicon is with only some 950 entries still quite
small.
On Thu, 03 Nov 2005, 15:24 CET, Mark J. Reed wrote:
> Next you'll say that you didn't read any cummings, or
> Dickinson, or Tennyson, or Wordsworth, or . . .
Not in 9 years of being taught English language and culture.
If the dots contain Shakespeare -- yes, we're currently
reading Macbeth and have dealt with two sonnets by him.
Yours,
Carsten
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Message: 18
Date: Sat, 5 Nov 2005 08:59:27 -0500
From: "Ph.D." <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Where does everyone live?
In order to see where everyone lives, I've set up a Conlang
group map at http://www.frappr.com/conlang . It would be
great if everyone on the list would add his or her location.
Thanks,
Ph. D.
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