Hi Joe,

This looks good modulo a few picayune things I noticed in the implementation 
and test. Line numbers refer to the updated version of each file.

1. Implementation

2: Newer copyright year 2020, of course.
2150: s/much many/many/.
2185: I suppose that this is in case targetPrecision overflowed.
2231: Why ulp = ulp?
2376: s/larger than/larger/

2. Test

2: Newer copyright year 2020, of course.
39: Perhaps for symmetry with BigInteger 
(https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8152237) we should add BigDecimal.TWO 
at a later date.
112: s/valueOf(2)/TWO/
117: Alignment of RoundingMode.DOWN
137-138:

Probe inputs with two digits of precision, 10 … 99 and those
values scaled by 10^-1, 1.0, … 9.9, and by 10^-2, 0.1, … 0.99.

167: Two spaces after return
282, 303: “doesn’t not improperly” sounds awkward: should be “does not 
improperly”?
289, 310: “Sqrt root” also sounds awkward
296, 317: Extra space before “:”
316: s/down/up/ ?
337: s/rounding down/half even/ ?
362: s/near 1 half even/“near 1 “ + mc.toString()/ ?
397: delete commented out line?
520: s/+1)/+ 1)/
607: Introduce a square() method in BigSquareRoot also for parity with 
BigDecimal?

Brian

> On Jan 8, 2020, at 4:33 PM, Joe Darcy <joe.da...@oracle.com> wrote:
> 
> Some further refinements to the implementation and tests ready for re-review:
> 
>     http://cr.openjdk.java.net/~darcy/8233452.4/ 
> <http://cr.openjdk.java.net/~darcy/8233452.4/>
> The fix-up code for directed roundings (up, down, etc.) was corrected to 
> properly handle rounding down when the interim result is a power of 10, in 
> this case 1.0. The adjustment down in that case needs to be reduced in size 
> since the size of an ulp changes at exponent boundaries. The regression tests 
> cover this situation.
> 
> The assertion checks on the numerical properties of the result were 
> restructured to be more informative. One assert was overly strict and made 
> weaker to accommodate the sort of situation discussed in the comments.
> 
> The comments make reference to the "2p + 2" property. This concerns 
> floating-point rounding and when a double-rounding problem can be avoided. In 
> brief, if you first round to (p + k) digits than then round that result to p 
> digits, a difference result can be computed than if a single rounding to p 
> digits occurred. For example, both the roundings to (p + k) and p digits 
> could round up when a single rounding up would not round up. However, if the 
> first rounding is to at least (2p + 2) digits, a second rounding to p digits 
> will *not* have the double rounding hazard for +, -, *, / and square root.
> 
> The main Newton loop in the square root implementation has been modified to 
> compute at least (2p + 2) digits so the rounding to p digits will be correct 
> without a fix-up. With sufficient analysis, computing to about p digitis 
> instead and doing a fix-up should be possible, but I'll leave that as a 
> refinement for another day.
> 

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