>From CounterPunch.CoM

Behind the Revolving Door

The Arms Pushers

By Ken Silverstein

Last November, Secretary of State Madeline Albright denounced the
"unregulated and illegitimate" sale of small arms at a gathering of the
International Rescue Committee. "It is a trade carried out by profiteers,
abetted by corruption, creating a bottomless armory for rogue militias,
criminal empires, and bands of thugs," the secretary thundered righteously.


Albright's speech was part of a campaign by the Clinton administration to
crack down on the illegal trade in firearms. But the administration is far
less interested in cracking down on the legal trade in weaponry, and it's
easy to see why. With exports valued at $26 billion in 1997, the US is the
world's No. 1 weapons dealer, thus accounting for a 43 percent market
share.

The heart of the government's sales program is the Defense Security
Assistance Agency, the Pentagon bureau that handles the government's
Foreign Military Sales program. The DSAA has a staff of about 5,000 people
working out of U.S. embassies and field offices in more than 100 countries.
The DSAA receives a 3 percent commission per sale, which provides about 80
percent of its budget. DSAA racked up so much money from the 3 percent
kickback that in 1992 Congress placed a $300 million cap on the funds the
agency could accumulate in its account.

The US military establishment is now trying to boost overseas sales even
more. As part of that effort, deputy defense secretary John Hamre last year
ordered a review of the Pentagon's foreign military sales program with an
eye towards cutting red tape that slows shipments abroad. The "study group"
heading up the review is composed of military officials, industry leaders
and even representatives of foreign governments who purchase American
weaponry.

The study group has fallen to its task with vigor. A January 18 Defense
News story about its progress said that the Pentagon is seeking to "break
down bureaucratic barriers that have prompted many U.S. friends and allies
to shop elsewhere for military goods and services...Officials at the
Pentagon have engaged in massive introspection with an eye toward
reinventing its costly, cumbersome and often condescending arms export
system".

A chief problem for the Pentagon, the story added, is that a buyer's market
has developed in the post-Cold War period and "increasingly savvy and
demanding international customers can often dictate the terms of a deal".
Hence, an "attitudinal sea change" is needed so that weapons customers are
"treated as partners rather than aid recipients".

When it comes to peddling arms, the Pentagon gets plenty of help from
private industry. And there are no better salesmen than the officials who
previously worked at the DSAA. Of the agency's last ten directors going
back to 1971, nine went on to work for the arms industry, and seven of
those were employed by firms that sell weapons or military services abroad.

To see how the revolving door in arms sales works, we offer here a
post-government service career summary of former heads of the DSAA.

1/ Lieut. Gen. Thomas Rhame, September 1993 to August 1997: During his
tenure, Rhame opened the spigot for funding to subsidize deals to former
communist regimes in Eastern Europe. Rhame tried retirement directly after
discharge, but says "you can only golf so many days a week". He soon took a
vice president position at the Association of the United States Army, a
private organization that lobbies the government to maintain "a strong
national defense".

2/ Lieut. Gen. Teddy Allen, August 1990 to August 1993: The day after he
retired from DSAA Allen took a job as a consultant to Hughes, offering them
advice on sales to Egypt. Allen now consults for the ACI Group
International, a firm that helps companies penetrate foreign markets by
using its "access to government and...contacts to government and industry
both here and abroad."

3/ Lieut. Gen. Charles Brown, October of 1987 to August of 1990: Soon after
retiring, Brown took a post with Military Professional Resources Inc., a
firm that trains foreign armies and instructs them in the fine art of
buying US military equipment. Brown says the company hired him because it
assumed he had strong international contacts from his days at DSAA. In
1995, Brown headed a Pentagon panel that looked to private industry to see
what the Pentagon could learn about "streamlining and reorganization".
Though Brown has now retired from Military Professional Resources Inc. and
lives on his family cattle ranch in Rushville, Nebraska, he comes back to
Washington three or four times a year to do consulting work for private
firms.

4/ Lieut. Gen. Philip Gast, August 1982 to August 1990: Before heading to
DSAA Gast served as the head of the U.S. Military Advisory group to Iran,
where he helped funnel weaponry to the Shah's regime. He's now a vice
president for international operations at Burdeshaw Associates, whose
self-described mission is to help clients "compete and win in global
defense and government markets".

5/ Lieut. Gen. James Ahmann, March 1982 to May 1982: Upon retirement, he
became a vice president at BDM, a company headed by former Secertary of
Defense Frank Carlucci. BDM's subsidiary Vinell trains the Saudi Arabian
National Guard, a Praetorian Guard for the royal family. From BDM, Ahmann
went on to work for Northrop and General Dynamics.

6/ Erich von Marbod, July 1981 to January 1982: Before taking his
short-lived post at DSAA, von Marbod ran all US military assistance to
Vietnam and next became the senior US defense representative to Iran, where
he helped push the Shah into buying huge amounts of American weaponry.
While at the DSAA, Marbod-along with Iran/contra figures Thomas Clines and
Richard Secord-quietly became a partner in a shipping company called
Eatsco. In 1980, that firm was found to have overbilled the Pentagon $8
million on arms shipments to Egypt. After retiring from government, Howard
Fish, a predecessor at DSAA (see No. 8) hired von Marbod to work at the
Paris offices of armsmaker LTV.

7/ Lieut. Gen. Ernest Graves, March 1978 to July 1981: The only head of the
DSAA who didn't go on to work for the defense industry (other than a few
freelance consulting jobs). Graves, who since retiring has worked as a
military analyst at Georgetown's Center for Strategic and International
Studies, says two weapons makers offered him jobs promoting overseas sales,
but that he turned them down. "I just wasn't comfortable with the notion of
trading commercially on relationships I had formed when I was working for
the government," he says.

8/ Lieut. Gen. Howard Fish, August 1974 to August 1978: The classic
revolving door story. Fish was a big backer of foreign sales while at DSAA,
especially to the Middle East. After resigning he went to work for LTV and
soon turned up in Malaysia where he was hawking the company's A-7 fighters.
He next turned up as head of international marketing for Loral, and then
took charge of the American League for Exports and Security Assistance, a
trade group that lobbies for foreign sales. Fish left ALESA in 1997 and now
serves as a consultant to Lockheed Martin.

9/ Vice Admiral Ray Peet, June 1972 to July 1974: After stepping down from
the DSAA he worked for two defense contractors, Cubic Corporation and
Teledyne Ryan, where now serves as vice president.

10/ Lieut. Gen. George Seignious, August 1971 to June 1972: In his
post-DSAA career, Seignious became chairman of GRC International Inc., a
defense and national security consulting firm.

This revolving door from DSAA is typical of the unceasing migrations from
the military and the private sector. Between 1992 and 1995, number 3,288
Pentagon employees - of whom 2,482 were officers with the rank of colonel
or above made - the jump to industry. It's impossible to determine how fast
the revolving door is now spinning because at the request of the Pentagon,
Congress in February of 1996 repealed the law that mandated such reporting,
a move that apparently was never noticed by the mainstream press.CP


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