On 09/03/2018 07:18 PM, Nikos Roussos wrote:
That's true for most associations, but even in these cases usually there are
some limitations on how you get to be a member. In many associations, besides
paying a membership, it is required that some existing members vouch for you.
This provides some short of web of trust, but also acts as a fail-safe,
preventing a group of people taking over an association just because they have
the money to do so.
That's completely true! I believe that in this country (Denmark) it's
not allowed for any association that wants to apply for public support
to be discriminatory, i.e. there can be no arbitrary limitations to
membership. But of course, you have to be a qualified nurse to be a
member of the nurse's union, etc.
In such a situation, other fail-safes can be constructed and are indeed
important.Hostile takeovers of associations have happened!
I'm myself the treasurer of "Permakultur Randers", which is the
permaculture association of Randers, and in order to become a member you
must accept that this association has its focus in the vicinity of
Randers. We *could* have demanded that people live here, if we wanted.
A common requirement is that people ust be physically present and the
general assembly and can't delegate their vote. Other fail-safes which I
think would be of interested were I to create a Free Software
association in Denmark (something I refrained from, preferring the
FSFE), one could make the bylaws virtually unchangeable by requiring an
80% majority in two consecutive general assemblies with no less than 80%
of the membership present in each (that would make a hostile takeover
very difficult bordering to the impossible in an association with more
than a thousand members).
Another common failsafe is to have a bylaw which enables the expulsion
of members who work against the association's bylaws. Thus, a Microsoft
lawyer working to get software patents could be expelled from a Free
Software association.
Best
Carsten
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