Quoting Alessandro Selli (alessandrose...@linux.com): > lscpu [...] > Model name: Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 3.40GHz [...] > dmidecode --string bios-release-date > 12/21/2007
Thank you for that, Allesandro. Wikipedia's article on the Pentium 4 says this stepping was the _final_ Pentium 4 (if I'm reading that part of the entry correctly) and was released in _2004_, using the 130 nm Northwood core. (Reading further, I see that the Pentium That line's immediate successor was the Pentium D (2005), Pentium D Extreme Edition (2005), and Pentium 4 HT (2006) -- all x86_64-capable.) So, I of course take as valuable information that your BIOS date was from the end of 2007, but the CPU was being phased out in favour of x86_64 two-plus years before that. IMO, my points about 14-year-old gear being fragile specialty items also applies to 12- and 10-year old computers. And, if you bought your unit around 2007, you _could_ instead have bought x86_64 as future-proofing. On the matter that Adam mentioned about power draw (what the Yanks call AC power, and the Brits call mains power): When my firm VA Linux Systems was getting out of the hardware business because of the Dot-Com market crash, many of us employees stocked up on the flagship VA Linux Systems model 2230, a 2U rackmount unit w/Intel L440GX "Lancewood" motherboard and PIII 'Coppermine' 800-1GHz CPU, because they were very good, cheap, and with bountiful parts. A few people who imagined themselves lucky acquired VA Linux's last product, model 1124, a 1U with Tyan Thunder K7 motherboard, dual Athlon 760MP CPUs, custom PSU, and carefully engineered (& patented) case cooling. It needed the very carefully engineered cooling because the pair of Athlon 760MPs put out tremendous amounts of heat, which of course the operator also pays for in the shape of electric bills. Intel followed the Athlon's example (meaning, releasing CPUs that tremendously increased power draw). For many years, you could not have 48 x 1U units in a standard server rack, with either AMD or Intel flagship CPUs, because the racks' PDUs could not deliver that much power. It took both firms many years to apply power-saving techniques from their mobile lines to the flagship ones. And, getting back to my point, your Northwood-core Pentium 4 with 3.40 GHz clock speed has a TDP of 89 Watts -- because the entire P4 line and several of its successors sucked power at an amazing rate relative to prior Intel (and AMD) CPUs. My Coppermine PIII has a TDP of 20.8 Watts. Now, sure, TDP = thermal design power is only ambiguously a measure of real power draw, as denotes the largest amount of heat output the CPU's related cooling systems will be called upon to dissipate when running a mix of real applications. But let's say it's a reasonable approximation of real power draw, and the only thing the industry so far consistently publishes. Echoing Adam's point, the cost of each CPU sucking, on a 24x7 basis for us server people, 4x the draw of a PIII really adds up, over time, and costs significant money. And that, in turn, is actually why I delayed retiring my spare Pentium III boxes and am still using one in 2017: Because the entire P4-class architecture sucked too much power, that I'd have to pay for in my electric bill. (Luckily, 2GB RAM has been enough for that application, and it can easily saturate the aDSL link its static IP lives on.) My intended replacement, still under construction using Devuan, will reduce power cost to a pittance: CompuLab Intense PC w/16GB RAM, Celeron 847E 1.1 GHz dual-core, pair of mirrored SSDs on eSATA in external enclosures. I'm not sure of the total draw yet, but think it will be almost nothing -- thus even more cheap to run (not to mention silent and ultra-cool). _______________________________________________ Dng mailing list Dng@lists.dyne.org https://mailinglists.dyne.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/dng