I was just going to release Jason's message on the fertile ground of our Society news-list, but can't stand not to weigh in. Dan Janzen's PNAS article, gardenification of tropical conserved wildlands (probably - I only read the abstract), has it right, but his position is appicable to the whole planet. There is certainly no place on earth that our activities of extraction, cultivation, "gardening", and attempted restoration do not affect, so I'd call all of what we do gardening. We are applying the human mind and physical capabilities to getting something out of nature, whether it be simply the enjoyment (or sorrow) of the results of a restoration effort, or harvesting shrimp from a rapidly sinking Louisiana coastline (suggested reading, "Bayou Farewell" by Mike Tidwell), There is no distinction by the satisfaction that we get out of the work: I get at least as much pleasure from attempted restoration of an urban ravine as I believe my neighbor gets from his flower garden, although I might be disheartened by the results. But them I think, "What novel communities are we humans creating as we spread Bromus tectorum across the western US landscape and Mahonia nervosa across northern Europe's forests. Shouldn't we study these as fait accompli (don't know the plural) rather than pushing back against them. Change happens, and evolution follows change.

Mike Marsh

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