Well, first they disbanded political science research, and now they
are trying to do the first steps to slowing science.  The person at
NSF who approves funding must justify such.  why?  that way the
congress can go after that person, exert pressure on the scientific
process, and turn it into a political instead of a scientific process.

http://news.sciencemag.org/education/2013/11/republican-plan-guide-nsf-programs-draws-darts-and-befuddlement-research-advocates

These developments are interesting to me because when NSF was first
being conceived there were those who felt the concept would slow
science by turning it into a search for funding rather than a search
for facts.  More and more, we are becoming important for the money we
can bring in rather than our contribution to the greater good.

>From the Mark Gable Foundation (A short story in the compendium, The
Voices of Dophins, by Leo Szilard) published in ????
(http://books.google.com/books?id=xm2mAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false),
when Mark Gable asked how to slow science, this was the answer
provided:

"Well," I said, " I think that shouldn't be very difficult. As a
matter of fact, I think it would be quite easy. You could set up a
foundation, with an annual endowment of thirty million dollars.
Research workers in need of funds could apply for grants, if they
could make out a convincing case.  Have ten committees, each composed
of twelve scientists, appointed to pass on these applications. Take
the most active scientists out of the laboratory and make them members
of these committees.  And, the very best men in the field should be
appointed as chairmen at salamries of fifty thousand dollars each.
Also have about twenty prizes of one hundred thousand dollars each for
hte best scientific papers of the year.  This is just about all you
would have to do.  Your lawyers could easily prepare a charter for the
foundation.  As a matter of fact, any of the National Science
Foundation bills which were introduced in the Seventy-ninth and
Eightieth Congresses could perfectly well serve as a model."
   "I think you had better explain to Mr. Gable why this foundation
would in fact retard the progress of science," said a bespectacled
young man sitting at the far end of the table, whose name i didn't get
at the time of introduction.
   "It should be obvious," i said.  "First of all, the best scientists
would be removed from their laboratories and kept busy on committees
passing on applications for funds. Secondly, the scientific workers in
need of funds would concentrate on problems which were considered
promising and were pretty certain to lead to publishable results.  For
a few years there might be a great increase in scientific output; but
by going after the obvious, pretty soon science would dry out. Science
woudl become something like a parlor game.  Some things would be
considered interesting, others  not.  There would be fashions. Those
who followed the fashion would get grants. Those who wouldn't woudl
not, and pretty soon they would learn to follow the fashion, too."
****
In other words, scientists would not take chances, because that risks
getting grants, they would not do long-term research because it is
slow to payoff, they would spend most of their time managing grant
money, evaluating other people's research, and not doing it
themselves.  scientists would follow fads whether that is good or not,
at the cost of other fields.  In a lot of way, this was a prophetic
two pages that has in a lot of ways come true.   Imagine how much work
you could get done if your had a line item budget that covered the
costs of your research and you did not have to spend time writing
proposals, managing grants.  How much money would be saved in research
if 10-80% of the funded grand did not go to indirect costs and similar
places?

Understand, I know we are where we are, and each of us must work in
the current system as it exists, and that it isn't changing.  However,
this story certainly nailed many problems to the wall that arise when
you have competitive funding instead of line items.



-- 
Malcolm L. McCallum
Department of Environmental Studies
University of Illinois at Springfield

Managing Editor,
Herpetological Conservation and Biology



"Peer pressure is designed to contain anyone with a sense of drive" -
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