Dear Forest, you wrote (4 Feb 2002): > It seems to me that election methods can potentially have two kinds of > problems with clones: (1) Some methods tend to give an advantage to > parties that runs lots of clones. (2) Other methods tend to penalize > parties that run lots of clones.
Actually, there are three problems with clones. Blake Cretney calls these problems "teaming," "crowding" and "vote-splitting": http://www.fortunecity.com/meltingpot/harrow/124/defn.html IRV is immune from all three clone strategies. ****** You wrote (4 Feb 2002): > Nurmi rates both Top Two Runoff and IRV at level IV (Roman Numeral Four) > in his classification. Approval is rated at level II, which means he > considers Approval two levels more manipulable than IRV, because Approval > strategy is that much simpler. But you are right that Nurmi should > consider Top Two Runoff as more manipulable by his criterion. Perhaps > he does, but not enough to put it at level V. I guess you mean: "Perhaps he does, but not enough to put it at level III." Markus Schulze
