*Re: Allen Madsen*
It's curious that for supports the match clause *{key, value} = option*
works but *option = {key, value} *does not.
This feels like a bug in the implementation. (Interestingly, both
formulations work in the *->* clause.) I will open a github issue for
further discussion.
*Re: in general*
The thing we can't do today using that match clause feature in *for* today is
"guarded clauses" (ie failing rather than filtering with a guard
mechanism). There's no place to put the guard, so this necessitates a new
construct.
Today a guard in the *<-* clause acts as a filter, and you can't attach a
guard to a match clause. We can't use *with*'s *else* mechanism because we
don't expect data shapes in multi-clause *for*s to have universally
addressable failure modes. (That rules out my *for -> else* proposal above.)
I'm beginning to arrive at the conclusion that we'd definitely need to
introduce a new construct for this (if we decide to proceed). I prefer:
*every {key, value} when is_integer(value) <- [a: 1, b: "2"], do: {key,
value+1}# EveryClauseError: no clause matching {:b, "2"}*
On Tuesday, June 15, 2021 at 1:51:11 PM UTC-7 Allen Madsen wrote:
> Re: Christopher Keele
>
> > Another option would be extending *for* to accept matches and set
> bindings in its macro's list of clauses, like *with* (which also mixes
> *<-* with *=*)
>
> This is already supported. You can do:
>
> list = [1]
> for option <- list, {key, value} = option do
> {option, key, value}
> end
>
> Allen Madsen
> http://www.allenmadsen.com
>
>
> On Tue, Jun 15, 2021 at 2:50 PM Christopher Keele <christ...@gmail.com>
> wrote:
>
>> Re: Zachary
>>
>> > I’d rather just see:
>> >
>> >* for var <- list do*
>> >* %{destructured: data} = var*
>> >* end*
>>
>> My understanding is that part of the intent is to have a way to surface
>> hard requirements about the data shape to the top level of the construct,
>> so it doesn't get lost within the block. I agree I'd prefer this convention
>> over the addition of new constructs or operators increasing the surface
>> area language, but if it was added to the language I'd use the feature
>> since I imagine that'd become the new convention.
>>
>> On Tuesday, June 15, 2021 at 11:47:18 AM UTC-7 Christopher Keele wrote:
>>
>>> Another option would be extending *for* to accept matches and set
>>> bindings in its macro's list of clauses, like *with* (which also mixes
>>> *<-* with *=*)
>>>
>>> list = [1]
>>> for option <- list, option = {key, value} do
>>> {option, key, value}
>>> end
>>> # proposal would raise runtime MatchError
>>> # today raises compiletime CompileError: undefined function key/0
>>>
>>> I actually like this even more than the other proposals I've advocated
>>> for. It'd bring the only other *<-* operator-using-construct (*for*)
>>> closer to the featureset of *with* and raises the intuitive *MatchError*
>>> instead of the *ForClauseError* that would be more consistent with
>>> other implementations.
>>>
>>> On Tuesday, June 15, 2021 at 10:51:19 AM UTC-7 zachary....@gmail.com
>>> wrote:
>>>
>>>> Ultimately if we don’t prefer the operator, I’d rather just see:
>>>>
>>>> for var <- list do
>>>> %{destructured: data} = var
>>>> end
>>>>
>>>> Over the `for!` operator. I don’t know why the operator seems so much
>>>> better than `for!` to me though.
>>>>
>>>> On Jun 15, 2021, at 1:45 PM, Stefan Chrobot <ste...@chrobot.io> wrote:
>>>>
>>>> Ideally, <- and = would have the same semantics in "for" and "with",
>>>> but I'm not sure how confusing "for {:ok, post} = posts, do: ..." would be.
>>>>
>>>> Given all that, I find "for!" to be the best approach, except for the
>>>> name. As stated before, a bang version feels like a precedent. I think
>>>> "fors" ("for strict") is better (like def and defp), or maybe a totally
>>>> different name for a loop (while?, loop?, rep?, iter?).
>>>>
>>>> wt., 15 cze 2021 o 19:06 José Valim <jose....@dashbit.co> napisał(a):
>>>>
>>>>> I am against introducing a new operator because I think that will be
>>>>> just unclear. Regardless if we pick "<!-" or "<<-", I don't think the
>>>>> notation would be clear to everyone reading the code. Between for!, a
>>>>> strict option, and the operator, the operator is, in my opinion, the most
>>>>> unreadable.
>>>>>
>>>>> Furthermore, the operator doesn't have a use in "with", because "with"
>>>>> can use = for strict matches.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> On Tue, Jun 15, 2021 at 6:59 PM Stefan Chrobot <ste...@chrobot.io>
>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>> How about an "else" block for the items that don't match?
>>>>>>
>>>>>> for {:ok, item} <- items do
>>>>>> # ...
>>>>>> else
>>>>>> # ...
>>>>>> end
>>>>>>
>>>>>> This would be consistent with <- in "with". I'm assuming the
>>>>>> intention would be to prefer "for!" over "for" for most of the cases so
>>>>>> the
>>>>>> issue with this is a need to figure out a terse syntax for raising a
>>>>>> MatchError without having to type something like "else _ -> raise
>>>>>> MatchError"; plus also include what was being attempted in the error
>>>>>> message. Is "else raise" an option?
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Best,
>>>>>> Stefan
>>>>>>
>>>>>> niedz., 13 cze 2021 o 14:06 Adam Lancaster <ad...@a-corp.co.uk>
>>>>>> napisał(a):
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> That makes sense!
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I guess you could make a new operator available outside of the `for`
>>>>>>> too, like back in a `with`... Maybe `<-!`
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Best
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Adam
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On 11 Jun 2021, at 19:11, Paul Schoenfelder <
>>>>>>> paulscho...@fastmail.com> wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> In my opinion, internal consistency is part of the mental model, so
>>>>>>> inconsistency reflects a flaw in the model. That said, I think that's
>>>>>>> probably talking past you on this a bit, and I get what your point is:
>>>>>>> ultimately if it is reasonably intuitive, consistency can be allowed to
>>>>>>> fall by the wayside a bit. I guess where I disagree is that I'm not
>>>>>>> sure
>>>>>>> this will intuitive for someone not already steeped in the language.
>>>>>>> The
>>>>>>> point I was getting at by comparing `for` and `with` is that they both
>>>>>>> make
>>>>>>> use of the same `<-` operator in a way that is consistent across both
>>>>>>> forms, but with `for!` that falls apart.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Now back to `for!`. Even though it looks just like `for`, the `<-`
>>>>>>> operator starts to behave like `=`. If you are skimming code and happen
>>>>>>> to
>>>>>>> miss the single character difference between the two (`for` vs `for!`),
>>>>>>> you
>>>>>>> will wind up with a very different idea about what the same code does.
>>>>>>> The
>>>>>>> human brain is terrible at distinguishing small differences like this,
>>>>>>> it's
>>>>>>> why you can typo things like `behavior` and `behaviour` and read right
>>>>>>> over
>>>>>>> it without noticing, sometimes even when you are _trying_ to notice
>>>>>>> those
>>>>>>> things.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I think it would be far better for us to use a new operator in place
>>>>>>> of `<-`, rather than a new special form that looks basically identical
>>>>>>> to
>>>>>>> an existing one, but works differently in subtle ways. Not to mention,
>>>>>>> the
>>>>>>> operator approach would allow one to mix both `<-` and the new operator
>>>>>>> together in the same `for`, should it be useful to do so. In any case,
>>>>>>> I
>>>>>>> don't really have a strong opinion on what that operator is
>>>>>>> specifically,
>>>>>>> but I am much more in favor of that direction, than I am `for!`.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Paul
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On Fri, Jun 11, 2021, at 9:24 AM, Adam Lancaster wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I'm definitely sympathetic to that idea.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I think part of what internal consistency buys us is predictability
>>>>>>> and therefore a quicker path to a good mental model about what the code
>>>>>>> is
>>>>>>> going to do. But the mental model is the more important thing. Which is
>>>>>>> just to say if we don't have internal consistency but we can get to a
>>>>>>> good
>>>>>>> mental model, then I think it might be okay.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I think given other functions that follow the same idea, seeing a
>>>>>>> `for!` would certainly communicate "right this is expected to raise
>>>>>>> under
>>>>>>> some condition" - at least to me.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> There's also not an obvious way to have `for` mimic `with` when I
>>>>>>> think about it because say you do this:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>> for [a, _] = [1, 2], do: ...
>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> there is no way to distinguish it from a filter - where `=` should
>>>>>>> not raise a match error.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I think you'd have to more clearly de-mark the difference between
>>>>>>> the generators and the filters, which feels like a big change.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Best
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Adam
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On 11 Jun 2021, at 00:13, Paul Schoenfelder <
>>>>>>> paulscho...@fastmail.com> wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I’m generally in favor of the option to have stricter semantics, but
>>>>>>> to me the introduction of `for!` feels out of sync with other special
>>>>>>> forms, none of which are bang-form. Furthermore, especially in contrast
>>>>>>> to
>>>>>>> `with`, you end up with this weird dichotomy with the `<-` operator,
>>>>>>> where
>>>>>>> sometimes it means a filtering match, and other times where it means
>>>>>>> strict
>>>>>>> match. That kind of syntactical inconsistency in a language feels like
>>>>>>> a
>>>>>>> bad precedent to set, despite what feels like a reasonable compromise.
>>>>>>> It’s
>>>>>>> also notable to me that there are easy ways to program defensively to
>>>>>>> force
>>>>>>> match errors if you want them, within the current syntax, but obviously
>>>>>>> that comes at the cost of more verbosity.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I’m not sure what the right answer is, but this feels to me like
>>>>>>> rushing to solve a specific problem without spending enough time
>>>>>>> considering how it meshes with the rest of the language in terms of
>>>>>>> cognitive complexity, particularly for those new to the language.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Anyway, that’s my two cents. I’m a fan of the concept for sure, but
>>>>>>> would almost prefer to see the semantics changed in a major version
>>>>>>> bump,
>>>>>>> to match `with`, even if that meant manually updating a bunch of my
>>>>>>> code,
>>>>>>> because at least it keeps the language self consistent. I’ll admit I’m
>>>>>>> probably an outlier on that though.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Paul
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On Thu, Jun 10, 2021, at 6:16 PM, Christopher Keele wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> That's fair enough! Though from my perspective both for! and strict:
>>>>>>> true would be about equally far from the <- where matches fail. But
>>>>>>> I can see the keyword format getting lost in the filters and other
>>>>>>> keywords.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On Thu, Jun 10, 2021 at 3:14 PM José Valim <jose....@dashbit.co>
>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Sorry, I meant to someone reading the code. The strict option is
>>>>>>> modifying the behavior of the operator <-, which may be quite before it
>>>>>>> in
>>>>>>> the text.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I prefer for! in this case as it is upfront.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On Fri, Jun 11, 2021 at 00:09 Christopher Keele <christ...@gmail.com>
>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> > My concern with :strict is that it changes the behavior
>>>>>>> considerably of the generators but it may show up only quite later on,
>>>>>>> far
>>>>>>> from them, especially if you have multiple filters.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Could you elaborate? I don't quite think I understand, particularly
>>>>>>> *"[the
>>>>>>> behaviour] may show up only quite later on"*
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Does "quite later" here refer to code distance (the MatchError's
>>>>>>> stacktrace would point away from/bury the for location)? Or
>>>>>>> temporal distance?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On Thursday, June 10, 2021 at 2:58:03 PM UTC-7 José Valim wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> My concern with :strict is that it changes the behavior considerably
>>>>>>> of the generators but it may show up only quite later on, far from
>>>>>>> them,
>>>>>>> especially if you have multiple filters.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On Thu, Jun 10, 2021 at 23:56 Christopher Keele <christ...@gmail.com>
>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> > for {:ok, num} <- list, strict: true, do: num
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Agreed, this is more or less exactly what I was pitching.
>>>>>>> On Wednesday, June 9, 2021 at 10:16:25 PM UTC-7 tal...@gmail.com
>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I would like to add a solution within the existing language:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> ```elixir
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> > list = [{:ok, 1}, {:ok, 2}, {:error, :fail}, {:ok, 4}]
>>>>>>> > for el <- list, do: ({:ok, num} = el; num)
>>>>>>> ** (MatchError) no match of right hand side value: {:error, :fail}
>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>> I think this is reasonable.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Acctually the built in filtering in `for` caught me off guard, I was
>>>>>>> expecting for to fail unless all elements matched. So for me the better
>>>>>>> solution would be to always make matching in `for` strict. But I guess
>>>>>>> this
>>>>>>> is too late now for backwards compatibility. Another alternative to
>>>>>>> `for!`
>>>>>>> would be:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> ```elixir
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> > list = [{:ok, 1}, {:ok, 2}, {:error, :fail}, {:ok, 4}]
>>>>>>> > for {:ok, num} <- list, strict: true, do: num
>>>>>>> ** (MatchError) no match of right hand side value: {:error, :fail}
>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I don't like the use of the exclamation mark in `for!` because it
>>>>>>> has little meaning relative to the existing use of the exclamation mark
>>>>>>> in
>>>>>>> Elixir.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> onsdag 9. juni 2021 kl. 13:17:04 UTC+2 skrev ad...@a-corp.co.uk:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I also love the proposal.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> It's a shame we can't re-use the `with` semantics of `=` raising a
>>>>>>> match error in the for.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> My two cents is `for!` makes the most sense, and follows the
>>>>>>> conventions of other functions.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Best
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Adam
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On 8 Jun 2021, at 18:18, Christopher Keele <christ...@gmail.com>
>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> This feature would be very useful, I've experience this
>>>>>>> signature-change pain point before too (and kind of have been avoiding
>>>>>>> `for` ever since, TBH).
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I'm reluctant to increase the surface area of the language itself,
>>>>>>> what do you think about adding a `:strict` option to `for` instead of a
>>>>>>> new
>>>>>>> special form/kernel macro/operator?
>>>>>>> On Monday, June 7, 2021 at 9:50:45 AM UTC-7 eric.meado...@gmail.com
>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> ## Background
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> `for` comprehensions are one of the most powerful features in
>>>>>>> Elixir. It supports both enumerable and bitstring generators, filters
>>>>>>> through boolean expressions and pattern matching, collectibles with
>>>>>>> `:into`
>>>>>>> and folding with `:reduce`.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> One of the features are automatic filtering by patterns in
>>>>>>> generators:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> ```elixir
>>>>>>> list = [{:ok, 1}, {:ok, 2}, {:error, :fail}, {:ok, 4}]
>>>>>>> for {:ok, num} <- list, do: num
>>>>>>> #=> [1, 2, 4]
>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Generator filtering is very powerful because it allows you to
>>>>>>> succinctly filter out data that is not relevant to the comprehension in
>>>>>>> the
>>>>>>> same expression that you are generating elements out of your
>>>>>>> enumerable/bitstrings. But the implicit filtering can be dangerous
>>>>>>> because
>>>>>>> changes in the shape of the data will silently be removed which can
>>>>>>> cause
>>>>>>> hard to catch bugs.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> The following example can show how this can be an issue when testing
>>>>>>> `Posts.create/0`. If a change causes the function to start returning
>>>>>>> `{:ok,
>>>>>>> %Post{}}` instead of the expected `%Post{}` the test will pass even
>>>>>>> though
>>>>>>> we have a bug.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> ```elixir
>>>>>>> test "create posts" do
>>>>>>> posts = Posts.create()
>>>>>>> for %Post{id: id} <- posts, do: assert is_integer(id)
>>>>>>> end
>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> The example uses a test to highlight the issue but it can just as
>>>>>>> well happen in production code, specially when refactoring in other
>>>>>>> parts
>>>>>>> of the code base than the comprehension.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Elixir is a dynamically typed language but dynamic typing errors are
>>>>>>> less of an issue compared to many other dynamic languages because we
>>>>>>> are
>>>>>>> usual strict in the data we accept by using pattern matching and guard
>>>>>>> functions. `for` is by design not strict on the shape of data it
>>>>>>> accepts
>>>>>>> and therefor loses the nice property of early failure on incorrect data.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> ## Proposal
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I propose an alternative comprehension macro called `for!` that has
>>>>>>> the same functionality as `for` but instead of filtering on patterns in
>>>>>>> generators it will raise a `MatchError`.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> ```elixir
>>>>>>> posts = [{:ok, %Post{}}]
>>>>>>> for! %Post{id: id} <- posts, do: assert is_integer(id)
>>>>>>> #=> ** (MatchError) no match of right hand side value: {:ok, %Post{}}
>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Pattern matching when not generating values with `=` remains
>>>>>>> unchanged.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> `for!` gives the developer an option to be strict on the data it
>>>>>>> accepts instead of silently ignoring data that does not match.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> ## Other considerations
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> You can get strict matching with `for` today by first assigning to a
>>>>>>> variable. This way you can also mix filtering and strict matching
>>>>>>> patterns.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> ```elixir
>>>>>>> posts = [{:ok, %Post{}}]
>>>>>>> for post <- posts,
>>>>>>> %Post{id: id} = post,
>>>>>>> do: assert is_integer(id)
>>>>>>> #=> ** (MatchError) no match of right hand side value: {:ok, %Post{}}
>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Another alternative is to introduce a new operator such as `<<-`
>>>>>>> (the actual token can be anything, `<<-` is only used as an example)
>>>>>>> for
>>>>>>> raising pattern matches instead of introducing a completely new macro.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> ```elixir
>>>>>>> posts = [{:ok, %Post{}}]
>>>>>>> for %Post{id: id} <<- posts, do: assert is_integer(id)
>>>>>>> #=> ** (MatchError) no match of right hand side value: {:ok, %Post{}}
>>>>>>> ```
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> A downside of adding new functions or macros is that it doesn't
>>>>>>> compose as well compared to adding options (or operators) to existing
>>>>>>> functions. If we want to add another variant of comprehensions in the
>>>>>>> future we might be in the position that we need 4 macros, and then 8
>>>>>>> and so
>>>>>>> on.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Another benefit of adding an operator is that you can mix both `<-`
>>>>>>> and `<<-` in a single comprehension.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> The downside of an operator is that it adds more complexity for the
>>>>>>> language user. We would also need an operator that is visually close to
>>>>>>> `<-` but still distinctive enough that they are easy to separate since
>>>>>>> their behavior are very difference.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
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>>>>>>
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