Hi Kevin
Antennas that have a significant length, and construction, such as a wide
band Bilog made by Schaffner/Chase, are marked where their centers are and
that is where all range distances should be measured from! It is my
understanding that this phase center is a compromise as it "moves" for
different frequencies!
However, using any other location will effect calibration data (probably
only significant with emissions),
but can also have an effect of the antennas beam width coverage when doing
immunity! For example,  the special immunity bilog antennas (IE X wing)
have a fairly narrow horizontal beam width, which is worst at about 300MHz.
So, even at 3 meters distance there may be a 1-2 dB loss of field at the
edges of a 1.5m plane at 300MHz.
If one moves the antenna closer (for example by measuring from the rear)
then this can only get worse! 
Regards
Tony
LARCTEC Marketing
Colorado

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