I agree that it's an older paper, but the data are still relevant IMO. Here are a few more recent ones from different US gov't organizations with a pyrology focus (so not solely focused on Scott's original question, but still informative):
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5445781/ https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-08/documents/pcb_ch1.pdf (I think the EPA info has been shared on the list previously - just substitute 2 through 7 at the end of the URL to get all chapters). https://www.fire.tc.faa.gov/ https://www.fire.tc.faa.gov/pdf/05-14.pdf (2005, so not quite as recent) Cheers, Adam in Atlanta adam.di...@ieee.org On Wed, Jan 2, 2019 at 2:31 AM John Woodgate <j...@woodjohn.uk> wrote: > It is a good paper, but the sentence: > > *The European Union's risk assessment of TBBPA is currently ongoing and > will not be completed until 2003 [9]* > > indicates that it is not exactly up-to-date. > > Best wishes > John Woodgate OOO-Own Opinions Only > J M Woodgate and Associates www.woodjohn.uk > Rayleigh, Essex UK > > On 2019-01-02 00:16, Adam Dixon wrote: > > Here's a good article focused on component reliability with some > discussion of how red phosphorus is produced and comparison to several > alternate fire retardant chemistries: > > > https://www.dfrsolutions.com/red-phosphorus-induced-failures-in-encapsulated-circuits > > > Cheers, > Adam in Atlanta > adam.di...@ieee.org > > > > On Tue, Jan 1, 2019 at 5:46 PM John Woodgate <j...@woodjohn.uk> wrote: > >> Well, there wouldn't be any mention of white phosphorus, of course, >> because that would indicate that the technique is not safe at all. I just >> wonder how they stop it happening; it appears to be just a mechanical >> envelopment by the polyamide (e.g. Nylon). If so, prolonged moderate >> heating over several years might cause migration and subsequent conversion >> to the other allotrope at surfaces. >> >> The BASF document is quite informative: >> *In a report by the German Federal Environment Agency, it is stated that >> the red phosphorus used in polymers can only be released into the >> environment at the plastic interfaces, where it reacts with water to form >> phosphorus oxides and** phosphoric acids.* >> >> Actually, it's a two-step process; first we get oxidation: 4P +3O2 >2P2O3, >> then the trioxide dissolves in water to make 'phosphorous acid' (the quotes >> are because it exists in two forms with different formal chemical names). >> >> I just hope that this isn't another case like CFCs, where a highly >> undesirable effect was not recognized until it became serious. The >> Wikipedia article on allotropes of phosphorus says: >> >> *However, for electronic/electrical systems, red phosphorus flame >> retardant has been effectively banned by major OEMs due to its tendency to >> induce premature failures. There have been two issues over the years: the >> first was red phosphorus in epoxy molding compounds inducing elevated >> leakage current in semiconductor devices[5] and the second was acceleration >> of hydrolysis reactions in PBT insulating material.* >> >> I think that's a wrap! >> >> Best wishes >> John Woodgate OOO-Own Opinions Only >> J M Woodgate and Associates www.woodjohn.uk >> Rayleigh, Essex UK >> >> On 2019-01-01 21:24, Richard Nute wrote: >> >> >> >> If the hype is true, and my interpretation is correct, red phosphorous as >> a flame-retardant additive is much better than bromine-based additives. I >> don’t know of cost differential. (In the two websites I looked at, there >> was no mention of degradation to white phosphorus.) >> >> >> >> BASF: >> https://www.plasticsportal.net/wa/plasticsEU~en_GB/function/conversions:/publish/common/upload/technical_journals/electronics_and_mechatronics/Umwuchtsensor.pdf >> >> >> >> Rinka: >> http://www.rinka.co.jp/english/products/flame-retardant/index.html >> >> >> >> Best wishes for the New Year, >> >> Rich >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> - >> ---------------------------------------------------------------- >> >> This message is from the IEEE Product Safety Engineering Society emc-pstc >> discussion list. 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