Todd Zuercher wrote:
> Is there a rule of thum for judging the ware on a racks and pinion?   The 
> pinions are visibly  worn to the point I'd like to replace them.  But How to 
> judge when the racks need to be replaced?  This is on a large gantry router 
> with two racks and pinions on either side the racks are about 4m long (4x1m 
> sections).  The problem is not so much back lash but a lack of smooth motion, 
> giving a rippled appearance during diagonal cuts. 
>
>   
Probably the easiest method is to measure backlash at the center and at 
the ends
of travel.  if they are significantly different (looser in the middle) that
would indicate wear of the rack teeth.

The rippled appearance could be the motion control, vibration/slop in 
the linear
slides, or cyclical error in the rack-pinion engagement.  measuring cyclical
error of gears is difficult, but can be done with standard tools.  You need
a dial indicator with travel exceeding the rack tooth pitch.  make a series
of very short moves in one direction while taking readings on the
indicator.  Graph these readings against the positions given to the
motion control and check for curvature.  If it is more than a few 
thousandths,
then the gear teeth may be badly worn, or just a crummy rack from the
beginning.

Jon

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