Dear Working Group Members,
You have sent many suggestions for resources to the Working Group. We
have compiled them here for the period 1-7 December. We hope
these resources will be useful in your efforts to end violence against
women.
Thanks again for all your messages!
Warm regards,
the Moderators
******************
RESOURCES SUBMITTED TO
THE END-VIOLENCE WORKING GROUP
1 - 7 DECEMBER 2001
*** ARTICLES ***
The Nation (Nairobi)
December 4, 2001
Posted to the web December 3, 2001
http://allafrica.com/stories/200112030687.html
Coming from a former university lecturer, support for female genital
mutilation sounds greatly incongruous in this day and age. Indeed, it
is incredible that a person of Mr Jimmy Angwenyi's calibre should
blatantly seek votes by advocating the maiming of young girls in an
increasingly outdated ritual that has little or no relevance to their
future lives.
The MP is reported as saying the rites are important to the community
as they mark a "new" stage in life.
Here is a leader in the 21st century encouraging a practice that has
been frowned upon for ages, a practice that has been proved to have
no redeeming features, and one actually considered to be responsible
for a multiple genital ailments and childbirth difficulties.
Here, a leader who is supposed to know better is preaching what is
clearly a form of human rights abuse. With such leaders whose only
intention is to utter populist nonsense with an eye to next year's
election, is it any wonder that we as a nation are sliding backwards
so fast? This is absolutely appalling.
Elsewhere, in Marakwet District a congregation was attacked by
villagers who believed the church function had been convened to
educate local girls against FGM. The villagers were upset that 14
girls had fled their homes last week in fear of being forced to
undergo the cut this month.
While there are many other communities besides the Abagusii and the
Marakwet where these practices persist due to ignorance and poverty,
the reasons given by the likes of Mr Angwenyi for preserving such
brutish traditions do not make sense.
Denying girls their God-given right to enjoy sexual intercourse and
to bear children painlessly is an aberration. If the MP is genuine
about keeping the Abagusii traditions, why doesn't he go back to the
mud hut, doff his black-ape suit and put on an animal skin for an
unctuous dance in the village square?
Copyright � 2001 The Nation. Distributed by AllAfrica Global Media
(allAfrica.com).
***
TOMRIC News Agency (Dar es Salaam)
http://allafrica.com/stories/200112050266.htm
December 5, 2001
Posted to the web December 5, 2001
By Tomric Reporter
Dar Es Salaam
The Amnesty International, Dodoma Chapter in central Tanzania has
launched awareness campaigns aimed at fighting against Female Genital
Mutilation (FGM) in the country.
The organization is now organizing seminars to discuss on FGM-related
matters after realized that the government is doing little to
eradicate the evil subjects more teenagers at risk. Under the
program, people would be told on the cruelty and evil of FGM through
intensified public awareness programs. They also propose municipal
councils, town authorities and village governments to contribute to
an envisaged fund established for eradication of FGM.
In a seminar held in Dodoma yesterday, an advocate of the High Court,
Ms. Marry Munisi blamed the government of doing little to eradicate
FGM saying the duty to fight the inhuman practice has largely been
left to NGOs. She said even the law against the FGM was not clear
because it has been overshadowed by more serious offenses like rape,
sodomy and defilement. However, representative of Amnesty
International in the region, Swahiba Ramathani said efforts by the
government to eradicate FGM were being hampered by some personnel in
the judiciary.
According to her, the staff did not give due regard to laws like the
Sexual Offenses Act and perpetrators were not duly penalized and thus
left encouraged to perpetuate the offense. The fight against FGM has
a long way to go in Tanzania. The brutal practice is prevailing
especially in rural areas where FGM practitioners carry out their
acts with impunity, away from watchful eyes of those fighting the
vice.
About 60 percent of women whose ages range between 15 and 49 years in
Dodoma region have undergone FGM.
But other organizations including the TAMWA, an organization of women
writers in Tanzania have established that in some regions, about 81
percent of women undergo the ritual.
Tanzania is one of over 28 African countries, which practice female
circumcision. Other countries carrying genital mutilation in Africa
include Kenya, Uganda, Mauritania, Guinea Bissau, Egypt, Somalia and
Togo. Gambia, Nigeria, Malawi, Sudan, Djibouti, Eritrea, Senegal and
Cameroon are also featured in a list.
Supporters of FGM believe that female circumcision lowers the sexual
desire of women, thereby curbing prostitution. In their tradition,
non-adherence to the practice can result in a person becoming outcast
in the ethic group. For fear of allegedly reprisal from ancestral
spirits, relatives pressurize their girls' circumcision, also
believed to increase a woman's fertility. This is considered basic
for lasting marriage among tribes in Tanzania. It is not the kind of
traditional practice likely to die today or tomorrow.
Anti-FGM, on another side, says mutilation leads to various chronic
problems to women. They include hemorrhage and suffering from severe
pain which may lead to shock infection and on occasion to death.
They also include prolonged breeding, which can lead to anemia, hence
increasing the risk of having difficulty delivery or dying in
childbirth. This can render future sexual inter-course painful,
increase the risk of having other detrimental side effects. The
consequences, according to health experts, include effects like
hemorrhage and suffering from severe pain which may lead to shock,
infections, and or occasional death. Also included is prolonged
bleeding, which can lead to anemia.
Copyright � 2001 TOMRIC News Agency. Distributed by AllAfrica Global
Media (allAfrica.com).
***
AIWUSA-ASSOCIATION OF IRANIAN WOMEN-USA
WEBSITE: http://www.aiwusa.org
E-MAIL: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
TEL: 703-941-8584
CONTACT PERSON: BEHJAT DEHGHAN
IRANIAN WOMEN'S BRIEF NO.46
DECEMBER 2001
THE U.N RESOLUTION EXPRESSES CONCERN AT THE SYSTEMATIC
DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN AND GIRLS IN IRAN.
U.N. Committee OKs Iran Resolution
By EDITH M. LEDERER
.c The Associated Press
UNITED NATIONS (AP) - A key U.N. committee approved a
resolution Friday, November 30, expressing concern at
continuing human rights violations in Iran, including a
growing number of executions and crackdowns on freedom of
expression and freedom of the press.
The General Assembly's Social, Humanitarian and Cultural
Committee voted 71 to 53, with 41 abstentions, in favor
of the resolution calling on the Iran to abide by its
international human rights obligations.
The resolution received about 20 more ``yes'' votes than
a similar resolution last year, which Iranian opposition
groups attributed to the crackdown on human rights by
hard-liners in the government who believe in strict
adherence to the values of the 1979 Islamic revolution.
Approval by the committee means that the resolution is
certain to be adopted when it comes to a vote in the
189-member General Assembly in December.
The resolution ``expresses concern'' at the imprisonment
of journalists and members of Parliament, the harsh
reaction to student demonstrations, and the use of
torture and other forms of cruel and inhuman punishment,
``in particular the practice of amputation and the
growing number of cases of public flogging.'' It deplored
``public and especially cruel executions, such as
stoning.''
The resolution also expresses concern at the systematic
discrimination against women and girls, and against
minorities, especially Bahais, Christians, Jews and Sunni
Muslims.
The resolution urged Iran to take further measures ``to
promote full and equal enjoyment by women and girls of
their human rights,'' to eliminate religious
discrimination, to end the use of torture, and to abolish
the death penalty for crimes by those under the age of
18.
Hard-liners, who control unelected key institutions,
including the judiciary and police, have closed reformist
newspapers and jailed dozens of reformist journalists and
political activists, most of them without trial.
The reformist press supports President Mohammad Khatami's
program of increased social and political freedom. But
hard-liners accuse it of undermining the principles of
the 1979 revolution.
Massoud Rajavi, president of the National Council of
Resistance of Iran, an opposition group, said that 4 1/2
years after Khatami took office there has been a serious
backsliding on human rights.
He said the Iranian people in recent uprisings have
showing their opposition to the hard-liners and their
support for ``the establishment of democracy'' in Iran.
*** BOOKS ***
Why Does Human Trafficking Disproportionately Affect Women?
Review of "Human Rights and Trafficking in Persons: A Handbook" published by
the Global Alliance Against Trafficking in Women, 2001, 143 pages
In this handbook, the Global Alliance Against Trafficking in Women (GAATW)
presents the problem of trafficking and some strategies for responding to
it. The handbook approaches the subject from a human rights perspective and
quite effectively pinpoints the ways trafficking violates victim's human
rights, particularly those of women. It brings to light, therefore, the
seriousness of a problem which is not well understood.
The first section of the book outlines the various international human rights
codes which relate to trafficking. The focus here is on the UN's various
conventions and protocols such as the Declaration on Violence Against Women
(1993) which included trafficking as a form of violence against women and
reaffirms the right of women not to be subjected to torture. It then goes on
to define trafficking in women. The definition is as follows:
"...the recruitment, transportation within and across borders, purchase,
sale, transfer, receipt or harbouring of a person involving the use of
deception, coercion...or debt bondage for the purpose of placing or holding
such a person, whether for pay or not, in servitude, in forced or bonded
labour, or in slavery like conditions...."
Basically, this definition of trafficking involves holding someone against
his/her will through the use of some sort of coercive mechanism in a
community other than the one he/she comes from. The idea of deception is
important to include. The handbook notes that many women are originally
happy to migrate overseas to work since traffickers have promised them good
salaries and comfortable living conditions. However, once they arrive in
their new country/city, the traffickers are able to control and enslave them
by presenting them with a list of debts they now owe for transportation and
accommodation or by stealing their passports. Also, the book is careful to
exclude migrating voluntarily to work as sex workers from its definition.
The idea of coercion, then, is central. The handbook illustrates its
definition through a number of case studies involving the various features of
trafficking. This is the best section of the handbook. It skillfully
clarifies what trafficking is by addressing the misconceptions people tend to
hold about it. The case studies are particularly useful.
The next section examines the causes of trafficking, some of the consequences
and various policy changes that governments should make. In regards to the
causes, it outlines why trafficking tends to be a phenomenon
disproportionately affecting women. The reasons include lower educational
and employment opportunities for women which make them more vulnerable to
traffickers offering jobs overseas. Also, restrictions on migration
(especially by developed countries) mean it is very difficult for women to
emigrate through legal channels and thus must turn to traffickers. The
consequences for trafficked people include rape, torture, detention and, in
some cases, murder. However, the handbook notes that government policies
often make the situation worse by imprisoning trafficked people for illegal
migration; failing to provide rehabilitation services such as counselling and
health care; and prosecuting traffickers only for facilitating illegal
migration as opposed to the crimes they commit against their victims (such as
torture). Thus, it indicates that many governments are complicit with and
responsible for human rights violations and outlines a number of policy
changes which must be enacted in order to protect the rights of trafficked
people.
The third section delves into different approaches to addressing
trafficking. These include the moralist approach, the crime control
approach, the migration approach and the labour approach. It also identifies
ways in which these approaches can either enhance trafficked people's rights
or hinder them. For example, the moralist approach, which is mainly
concerned with prostitution, could either be repressive for trafficked
victims by enacting more anti-prostitution laws or can be empowering by
increasing the range of employment and educational opportunities available to
women.
The final section looks at NGO strategies for taking a human rights approach
to trafficking at the local, regional and international levels. These
include service provision to victims, research and documentation on
trafficking cases, information and education campaigns and advocacy. At the
international level, it focuses on advocacy activities within the UN system
to strengthen conventions and protocols on trafficking. Unfortunately, it
does not address the question of how effective UN conventions might be in
stopping trafficking nor does it examine alternative activities at the
international level that might deliver better results.
This final section also includes a guide to building an advocacy strategy and
a detailed list of strategies different actors could undertake at the various
levels mentioned. Included in this detailed list are government welfare
departments which could offer income support to trafficked victims or health
care institutions which could offer treatment without involving the police.
While these recommendations are all relevant, they are all quite abstract and
generic. It would be more useful to include examples of successful projects
that addressed trafficking and detail how they accomplished their goals.
Nevertheless, the book effectively communicates what trafficking is and why
it is an important human rights concern which people need to take action on.
Given that trafficking is often poorly understood, it is very useful in
drawing attention to the issue.
Source: THE AWID RESOURCE NET, Friday File, Issue 55
Friday, December 7, 2001
*** CAMPAIGNS ***
SEXUAL ABUSE OF NUNS BY PRIESTS. JOIN CAMPAIGN
Join the Call to Accountability Campaign
www.calltoaccountability.org
On March 16, 2001, the National Catholic Reporter broke a story that
appalled Catholics and non-Catholics alike. Journalists uncovered shocking
official reports written by senior members of women's religious orders
asserting sexual abuse and rape of nuns by priests is a serious problem
around the world. The sexual exploitation by priests of nuns has resulted in
pregnancies; some nuns have been dismissed from their communities; others
have been forced to have abortions.
Join the campaign to end sexual violence against Catholic sisters.
Sign-on Online at www.calltoaccountability.org
See statement below with a growing list of over 350 organization endorsers
The Call To Accountability Campaign
c/o Women' Ordination Conference
PO Box 2693, Fairfax, VA 22031-0693, USA
Telephone +1 (202) 986-6093, Fax +1 (301) 589-3150
Email [EMAIL PROTECTED]
www.calltoaccountability.org
****************************************************************
Tell the Vatican to Stand Up for Women
End Sexual Violence Against Catholic Sisters' Religious Life and in the
World Community
We are deeply troubled and saddened by recent reports published in the
National Catholic Reporter of March 16, 2001, of the sexual harassment,
exploitation and even rape of Roman Catholic nuns by priests. They serve as
a stark and horrifying example of the global problem of violence against
women that is the daily reality for millions of women of all ages, classes,
races and religions.
Accounts of the humiliation and even deaths of women whose human rights have
been violated by Catholic priests are harrowing:
* In Latin America, a priest demanded sexual “favors” in exchange for
clothes for a girl and her family.
* In Africa, some priests seeking partners free of HIV/AIDS have sexually
exploited nuns. Some of these priests have actually transmitted HIV to the
nuns or made them pregnant. Tragically, some nuns have died.
* In Europe and the United States, priests and seminarians have demanded
sexual “favors” from nuns in exchange for assistance with studies.
* In the United States, church authorities shielded a parish priest from
prosecution by returning him to the Philippines so that he could elude a
lawsuit filed by a woman, who as a teenager, was sexually abused by him.
This is a worldwide problem. Reports cite incidents in 23 countries:
Botswana, Burundi, Brazil, Colombia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana,
India, Ireland, Italy, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea,
Philippines, South Africa, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Tonga, Uganda, United
States, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. We deplore the Vatican’s false claim that this
problem is limited to sub-Saharan Africa in an attempt to dismiss or cover
up the problem.
That this sexual violence occurs in the context of the worldwide AIDS
pandemic is especially disturbing. HIV/AIDS is the leading cause of death in
Africa and the fourth most common cause of death in the world (United
Nations Population Fund, 2000). Therefore, we condemn the hypocrisy of
church policies that deny life-saving condoms and contraceptives,
responsibly chosen by women and men.
These policies knowingly put women’s lives at risk in the name of a culture
of life. Furthermore, the sexual exploitation by priests of nuns has also
resulted in pregnancies; some nuns have been dismissed from their
communities; others have been forced to have abortions. At least one nun
died as a result of an abortion. We condemn such coercive practices.
We are appalled that church authorities were formally and fully briefed on
these problems in 1995 and up to now have taken no public action to end the
abuse, treating the perpetrators with impunity. Vatican secrecy and inaction
have surely contributed to sexual abuse. The Vatican must be accountable for
these tragedies. Church officials must do all in their power to bring an end
to violence against women in the church.
We join with the European Parliament, the National Coalition of American
Nuns, the Association for the Rights of Catholics in the Church, the Latin
American Network of Catholics for the Right to Decide, and the International
Movement We Are Church, in this call to accountability.
We call on the Vatican to be accountable:
* To reveal the measures it has taken to eliminate violence against women by
Catholic clergy, and measures it proposes to take in order to secure justice
for women;
* To cooperate with local civil authorities by providing evidence and
assisting with the prosecution of Catholic church officials involved in rape
and other sexual violence;
* To provide reparations for the victims of sexual abuse and exploitation by
church officials;
* To provide medical care for those nuns and other women who have been
infected with HIV by Catholic clergy;
* To immediately reinstate nuns who were dismissed from their communities
and/or jobs because they brought attention to such abuses;
* To reinstate those nuns dismissed from their orders due to pregnancy, and
to provide financial support for the care of children fathered by priests;
* To adopt a policy on sexual conduct that seeks to eliminate all forms of
violence against women in the church and society; and
* To issue a public apology in the form of a pastoral letter from the Holy
See for all forms of violence against women, including sexism, committed by
its church officials.
We call on all people of faith and the greater world community to eliminate
all forms of violence against women:
* To continue to provide and participate in training and education to
promote women’s human rights; and
* To work to dismantle structures of domination that perpetuate violence
against women.
We call on the world’s religious leaders:
* To give their unqualified support to women who are the victims of violence
within their institutions or in other faith groups; and
* To speak out against such abuse whether it occurs in their faith or
another faith. Respect for the autonomy of other faith groups cannot serve
to mute the voice of religious leaders on this grave sin against women.
WHAT YOU CAN DO:
1. Sign and be counted. Add your signature for inclusion in future ads. Sign
on as an organizational endorser. Get your friends and colleagues to sign
the Call to Accountability. www.calltoaccountability.org
2. Write to the Holy See Mission at the UN and let the Vatican know your
views: Archbishop Renato R. Martino, Apostolic Nuncio, Permanent Observer of
the Holy See to the United Nations, 25 East 39th Street, New York, NY
10016-0903.
3. Write to the UN Commissioner on Human Rights and let them know women in
religious institutions have human rights: Mary Robinson, UN Commission on
Human Rights, 8-14 Avenue de la Paix, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland.
For further information contact the campaign:
The Call To Accountability Campaign
c/o Women' Ordination Conference
PO Box 2693, Fairfax, VA 22031-0693, USA
Telephone +1 (202) 986-6093, Fax +1 (301) 589-3150
Email [EMAIL PROTECTED]
The Call to Accountability Campaign is an ad hoc coalition of religious,
women’s rights and human rights groups whose goal is to raise public
awareness about sexual violence against women in the Catholic church and
hold accountable the individual and institutional leadership involved or
complicit in this problem.
If you would like to make a financial contribution to the Call to
Accountability Campaign, make checks payable to Women’s Ordination
Conference, and include “Call to Accountability” in the memo line.
For list of endorsing organizations please consult
www.calltoaccountability.org
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Elfriede Harth
6, rue des Etats Generaux
78000 Versailles
Tel/Fax: +33-1-39490554
e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
***
WOMEN ASK FOR COMPENSATION
The Conference of Durban against racism and intolerance have been a meeting
place for victims of slavery, colonization, apartheid, ethnic cleansing, the
caste system and all kinds of religious and political violence. And what
about women ? Sexism was only evoked in the context of the dual oppression
it implies for them : a black woman, a muslim woman, an untouchable woman, a
Rom woman.But women as victims of a specific kind of oppression, out of the
question !
We, the Women of the World
denounce the violence and the various forms of exploitation that men have
inflicted and continue to inflict on us for millennia :
for our bound feet
our necks imprisoned in rings
our sex cut or sewn up
our plate-lips or our pierced ears
our chastity belts or virginity controls
our corsets that suffocate us
for our bodies anorexically starved or fattened according to their rules
for the women they deprive of education, liberty, autonomy
for the women shut into harems or in the home
behind the veil, the tchador, the tchadri or the burqa
for the precocious weddings, the imposed sexual intercourse
the unwanted pregnancies, the forced sterilizations
the abortion of female fetuses
for polygyny, repudiation, the dowry system
the discrimination in inheritance
for economic exploitation, domestic slavery, the double work day
for the blows, the insults, the moral and sexual harassment
for the private or collective rapes
for pornography, prostitution
women sold in " marriages of convenience " or by Organized crime
for the acid throwing, the stoning and the rite of Sati
for the " witches " burned alive
for the honor killings, the murders of women
for religious or political slaughters
for the little girls they kill or prevent from being born : 100.000.000
women missing in the world .
for the control they have exercised and continue to exercise on our lives
for our lives that they have stolen
for our intelligence that they have smothered
for the divisions they have created among us to keep us enslaved,
for all the appalling crimes men have committed against women since time
immemorial,
for having made us the symbol of EVIL in the misogynous religions they have
created in their own image, a characteristic tenet of any racist ideology,
for our Human Rights that have been scorned, We, the Women of the World, ask
the Governments of the various countries for apologize and to place a true
value on the financial, legal, professional and political compensations that
women have the right to receive.
SOS SEXISME [EMAIL PROTECTED]
http://perso.club-internet.fr/sexisme fax : 33 - (0)1 - 46261482
------------------
Petition to be signed
Surname - First Name / Profession / e-mail, phone, fax / address /
signature
------------------------
LES FEMMES DEMANDENT REPARATION
La Conf�rence de Durban contre le racisme et l'intol�rance a �t� un lieu de
rencontres pour les victimes de la traite, de la colonisation, de l'
apartheid, de l'�puration ethnique, du syst�me des castes, des violences
religieuses et politiques de toutes sortes. Et les femmes ? Le sexisme n'a
�t� �voqu� qu'en fonction de la double oppression qu'il implique pour elles
: femmes et noire, femme et musulmane, femme et intouchable, femmes et
Rom... Mais, des femmes en tant que victimes d'un syst�me d'oppression
sp�cifique, il n'est nullement question !
Nous, Femmes du Monde
d�non�ons les violences et les diff�rentes formes d'exploitation que les
hommes nous ont fait et nous font subir depuis des mill�naires :
pour nos pieds band�s
nos cous prisonniers des anneaux
nos sexes coup�s ou cousus
nos l�vres � plateaux ou nos oreilles perc�es
pour les ceintures de chastet� ou le contr�le de notre virginit�
pour les corsets qui nous �touffent
pour nos corps anorexiques ou engraiss�s selon leur loi
pour les femmes qu'ils privent d'�ducation, de libert�, d'autonomie
pour celles qu'ils enferment dans les harems ou aux foyers
derri�re le voile, le tchador, le tchadri ou la burqa
pour les mariages pr�coces, les rapports sexuels impos�s
les grossesses non d�sir�es, les st�rilisations forc�es
les avortements de fotus f�minins
pour la polygynie, la r�pudiation, la pratique de la dot
la discrimination dans l'h�ritage
pour l'exploitation �conomique, l'esclavage domestique, la double journ�e de
travail
pour les coups, les insultes, le harc�lement moral et sexuel
pour les viols priv�s ou collectifs
pour la pornographie, la prostitution
les femmes vendues dans le � mariage de jouissance � ou par le Crime
organis�
pour les jets d'acide, la lapidation, la pratique du Sati,
pour les � sorci�res � br�l�es vives
pour les crimes d'honneur, les meurtres de femmes
pour les massacres religieux ou politiques
pour les petites filles qu'ils tuent et celles qu'ils emp�chent de na�tre :
il manque cent millions de femmes sur la terre.
pour le contr�le qu'ils ont exerc� et continuent d'exercer sur nos vies
pour nos vies qu'ils nous ont vol�es
pour notre intelligence qu'ils ont �touff�e
pour la division qu'ils ont instaur�e entre nous pour nous maintenir en
esclavage,
pour tous les crimes odieux que les hommes ont commis contre les femmes
depuis des temps imm�moriaux,
pour avoir fait de nous le symbole du MAL dans les religions misogynes du
dieu qu'ils ont cr�� � leur image, un d�cret caract�ristique de toute
id�ologie raciste,
pour nos Droits Humains bafou�s, Nous, Femmes du Monde, demandons que les
Gouvernements des diff�rents pays nous pr�sentent des excuses et que ces
instances appr�cient, � leur juste valeur, les compensations financi�res,
juridiques, professionnelles et politiques que les femmes sont en droit de
recevoir.
SOS SEXISME [EMAIL PROTECTED]
http://perso.club-internet.fr/sexisme fax : 33 - (0)1 -
46261482
**********
P�tition � signer
Nom/pr�nom Profession Mel, t�l, fax
Adresse Signature
*** WEBSITES ***
web site dedicated to eliminating domestic violence through education:
www.privatefamilymatter.com
***
web resources on domestic violence:
http://dmoz.org/Society/People/Women/Issues/Domestic_Violence/
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