PLEASE HELP!

I just got a 430ex for my new 7e and I am totally confused. I will try
to explain my confusion as clearly as I can. I am used to a manual flash
(383 super) where you set the camera to 1\125 or 1\60 and f8 or f11 and
shoot. Or use a flash meter and adjust the flash and camera to get the
results you want. With the 383 at full power I could shoot at 1\30 at
f16. But the manual flash is a pain and I never got great results which
is why I got an E-TTL flash. But I am having a lot of trouble
understanding it. For example, I don't understand how the camera chooses
the correct settings in AV and TV modes. The settings I am getting don't
seem right. When I have the camera set to ISO 200 in a bright room and I
choose f8 in AV mode the camera sets the speed to 1\8.  This seems
really slow. Why doesn't it set it to something like 1\60? If I put the
camera in TV mode and set it to 1\60 the aperture number blinks at f4
until I set the speed to 1\30. These settings seem about the same as if
I didn't have a flash. I which case why have a flash. I thought I would
be able to set the camera 1\125 in TV and be able to shoot at around f8
or set the camera to f11 in AV and be able to shoot at around f8. I am
also confused about Manual mode I thought I would be able I choose what
ever combination I want like 1\30 at f16 and the flash will expose for
that setting? I tried this and my flash meter read 1\30 a f5.6 If any
one can  help I would really appreciate it.

Thanks'
Gary

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Gary Kaplan Photography
http://www.naturefocus.net
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